In recent years, China's marine ranching has developed rapidly, and 169 national marine ranching demonstration zones have been built. However, in the development of science and technology and industry, it also faces a series of theoretical, equipment and technology problems to be broken through. Japan and other countries started the construction of marine ranching earlier and achieved remarkable results in continuous promotion. This paper compares the development process of marine ranching in China and abroad from the perspectives of construction concept, construction technology, industrial model, development prospect and technical bottleneck, summarizes the key scientific problems and core equipment technologies that need to be broken through in the development prospect of marine ranching, and strives to provide scientific countermeasures for promoting the sustainable and efficient development of modern marine ranching.