Differences in fish species and breeding environment can impact fish muscle quality. In this study, both Jinbian carp and Jian carp were farmed in paddy field and pond, and nutritional composition, physical and chemical characteristics and texture characteristics of the muscle of the Jinbian carp and Jian carp were determined and analyzed. Evaluation of the muscle quality of Jinbian carp would provide data basis for the development and promotion of the cultivation of Jinbian carp in paddy field. The results showed that the crude fat, ash content and water holding capacity of Jinbian carp in paddy field were significantly higher than those of Jinbian carp in pond (P<0.05). Except for water content, other basic nutrient composition of Jian carp in pond and rice field had no significant difference(P>0.5).The muscle hardness, springiness and chewiness property of Jinbian carp in paddy field were significantly higher than those of Jinbian carp in pond and paddy field (P<0.05), hardness and Resilience were significantly higher than those of Jinbian carp in pond (P<0.05), and cohesion was significantly lower than that of Jinbian carp and Jian carp in pond (P<0.05). Among the 17 kinds of amino acids in 4 groups of fish, Lys content was higher than WHO/FAO standard and egg protein standard. The contents of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, total fiber amino acids and non-essential amino acids of Jinbian carp in paddy field were higher than those of Jian carp, and the EAA/TAA ratio was closer to the 40% standard required by FAO/WHO. The EAAI of Jinbian carp in pond and paddy field exceeded 100 points, higher than Jinbian carp in pond and paddy (82.31−83.36 points).Among the 24 fatty acids measured, the total amount of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and DHA+LA+ oleic acid of Jinbian carp in paddy field was higher than other 3 groups. The results demonstrated that both of Jinbian carp and Jian carp could be used as a prominent lysine source for human body. Jinbian carp in rice field were chewier, and its essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids were higher than those of Jian carp and Jinbian carp in pond, and the proportion of the muscles could better meet the needs of human body. In summary, the muscle quality advantage of Jinbian carp cultured paddy field is obvious, which has higher industrial development potential.