In order to investigate the effects of feed bamboo charcoal on muscle nutrition composition and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in juvenile red tilapia, the healthy juvenile red tilapia with an average body weight of (7.07±0.01) g were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and were kept for 60 days. The quantity of bamboo charcoal in the feed was 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%, respectively. The results showed that: the activity of ALT in the 0.5% and 1% groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum total protein (TP) activities were significant increased in the 1% group. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG) and serum total cholesterol (TC) concentrations in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. High density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly with the increase of bamboo charcoal concentration. 1% bamboo charcoal group muscle moisture content was significantly lower than the control group; crude protein content of 1%, 2% and 4% treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Crude fat content and muscle ash that of increased compared with the control group, 1% and 4% groups significantly increased compared with the control group. Feed bamboo charcoal can increase the content of total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) in fish muscle, but only 4% group's total unsaturated fatty acid content increased significantly, on the contrary, the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in 4% group was significantly lower than that of the control group; C18: 2 and C18: 3n3 treatment in 4% bamboo charcoal treatment group increased significantly compared with the control group, and the C22: 6 in 1% bamboo charcoal treatment group was significantly lower than the control group. With the increase of bamboo charcoal feed, LPL gene and MDH gene expression increased compared with the control group, but only 1% group MDH gene compared with the control group were significantly different. Studies have shown that adding appropriate concentrations of bamboo charcoal can improve the crude fat content, total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content, LPL gene and MDH gene expression in fish, and help to change the nutrient composition of fish.