许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼的摄食特性及幼鱼胃排空率
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中国海洋大学水产学院,中国海洋大学水产学院,中国海洋大学水产学院,中国海洋大学水产学院

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国家自然科学基金(31172447,41176117);国家公益性行业(海洋)科研专项(201405010)


Study on feeding habits of Sebastes schlegelii larvae and gastric evacuation rate of juvenile
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Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,Fisheries College,Ocean University of China

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    摘要:

    为阐明人工育苗条件下许氏平鲉早期发育阶段的摄食特性及变化规律,采用实验生态学方法,对人工育苗条件下许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼摄食特性及不同生长阶段幼鱼的胃排空率进行了研究。结果显示,许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼已具有较强的摄食能力,前期仔鱼(2日龄)昼夜摄食高峰出现于16:00;后期仔鱼(15日龄)与稚鱼(25日龄)的摄食高峰均出现在16:00-20:00,表现为白天摄食类型。许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼各阶段的日摄食率分别为42.26%(2日龄)、16.25%(15日龄)和13.07%(25日龄),可将其作为许氏平鲉早期发育阶段日投喂量的参考标准。在水温(22±0.5)℃条件下,摄食人工配合饵料的不同规格许氏平鲉幼鱼(平均体质量1.78和8.52 g)表现出明显不同的胃排空特征。采用线性模型、指数模型、平方根模型和Logistic模型均能较好地拟合实验幼鱼的胃排空数据。以R2、RSS、SDR为标准进一步比较,结果显示,体质量1.78和8.52 g幼鱼胃排空最佳拟合模型分别为线性模型和Logistic模型,其胃排空率分别为0.007和0.047 g/h,根据其胃排空特征以及投喂频率对幼鱼生长离散的影响等,建议将饱食投喂2~3次/d作为60~90日龄幼鱼的适宜投喂频率。

    Abstract:

    Feeding habit is one of the most important reference bases for making feeding strategy in fish aquaculture. During the fish seedling culture stage, the feeding amount, feeding species and feeding time which fit the fish feeding habits well will not only increase the survival rate but also improve the feed efficiency greatly. The Sebastes schlegelii is one of the most important aquaculture and enhancement fish species in China, Japan and Korea. In culture conditions, though the feeding cost is the greatest production cost during the S. schlegelii seedling culture, an excessive mortality still often occurred during the early development culturing stage due to inappropriate feeding strategy. Therefore, in order to better understand the feeding characteristics of S. schlegelii during the early development stage, the feeding habits of larvae and the gastric evacuation rate of juvenile in the condition of artificial seedling were examined by using an experimental ecology approach. Results show that S. schlegelii had already acquired good foraging capability at larvae stage. For the feeding rhythm of 2 days after hatch (DAH), S. schlegelii larvae exhibited feeding peak at 16:00, and the feeding peak of post-larvae (15 DAH and 25 DAH) was at 16:00 and 20:00. So the feeding behavior of S. schlegelii larvae mainly appeared at daytime and the feeding peak period was gradually prolonged with fish growth. The daily feeding intake rates of larvae S. schlegelii were 42.26% (2 DAH), 16.25% (15 DAH) and 13.07% (25 DAH), which could be used as a reference for daily feeding of larvae in seedling culture. The results show that juvenile S. schlegelii with different body weight (average body weight 1.78 and 8.52 g) exhibited different gastric evacuation traits at 22℃. The linear, exponential, square root and Logistic models were used to fit the gastric evacuation data and all the four models fit the data well. After a composite analysis, it can be concluded that the best mathematical model fitted to the gastric evacuation data of 1.78 and 8.52 g juveniles were the linear model and the Logistic model respectively. Through the mathematical model, it can be calculated that the gastric evacuation rate of 1.78 and 8.52 g juvenile S. schlegelii were 0.007 and 0.047 g/h respectively. Based on the gastric evacuation traits and the effect of feeding frequency on the coefficient of variation of fish body weight, it can be concluded that feeding to satiation twice or thrice per day is appropriate for 60-90 DAH juvenile S. schlegelii in the rearing practices.

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郭浩宇,张秀梅,张宗航,李超.许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼的摄食特性及幼鱼胃排空率[J].水产学报,2017,41(2):285~296

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-30
  • 最后修改日期:2016-07-27
  • 录用日期:2016-11-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2017-02-22
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