饲料中可消化淀粉对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和非特异性免疫指标的影响
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上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院

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上海市科委地方院校能力建设项目(10320503100);水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心项目(ZF1206)


Effects of dietary digestible starch levels on growth performance, body composition,and non-specific immunological index of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
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College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University

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    摘要:

    配制6种可消化淀粉水平(5.93%、8.71%、11.96%、15.11%、18.16%和21.74%)的等氮和等脂饲料,以实验鱼的生长、体组成、血糖及非特异免疫等作指标,评定大口黑鲈饲料中可消化淀粉的适宜水平。用上述6种饲料饲喂初始体质量(28.36±0.10)g 的大口黑鲈48 d,每种饲料3个重复,每个重复35尾鱼。采用表观饱食投喂,每天饲喂2次。结果显示,饲料中可消化淀粉为21.74%时,实验鱼的成活率最低(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉超过8.71%时,实验鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率和摄食率显著下降(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉为11.96%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率达到最高(P<0.05)。随着可消化淀粉的增加,饲料中脂肪和淀粉的消化率显著降低(P<0.05),但蛋白质的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05);全鱼、肌肉、内脏及肝脏的蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05),而脂肪含量在可消化淀粉上升至8.71%时达到最高,之后又逐渐降低(P<0.05);肝体比、脏体比、肝糖原含量及血清AST和ALT活性显著升高(P<0.05);血红蛋白含量呈逐渐降低的趋势(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉高于11.96%时,实验鱼餐后3至12 h血糖持续升高,呈现长时间的高血糖。可消化淀粉为8.71%时,血清蛋白质含量和血清补体活性最高(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉为11.96%时,血清溶菌酶活性和头肾白细胞呼吸爆发活性最高(P<0.05)。以特定生长率和蛋白质效率为指标作折线回归得出,饲料中可消化淀粉的适宜水平分别为9.22%和10.05%。本研究表明,大口黑鲈利用饲料中可消化淀粉的能力有限。

    Abstract:

    Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with increasing digestible starch levels (5.93%,8.71%,11.96%,15.11%,18.16%,21.74%) were formulated to determine suitable level of digestible starch in diets for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides),based on growth performance,body composition,serum glucose and non-specific immunological index.Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks,in each of which 35 fish with an average initial weight of (28.36±0.10) g were stocked.Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily (8:00 and 16:00) for 48 days.At the end of feeding test,the lowest survival rate was showed with fish fed a diet containing 21.74% dietary digestible starch (DDS) (P<0.05).Final body weight,specific growth rate and feed intake occurred to a significant declining tendency with DDS levels being higher than 8.71% (P<0.05).Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio,however,were the highest with fish fed 11.96% DDS (P<0.05).With an increasing DDS level,apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dietary lipid and starch were found to be lower (P<0.05),but ADCs of dietary protein showed no significant differences (P>0.05).Meanwhile,in the whole body,muscle,viscera and liver of test fish,protein concentrations significantly decreased,but lipid concentrations became the highest in fish fed the diet containing up to 8.71% DDS,and then declined (P<0.05).With a DDS level increasing,hepatosomatic index,viscerosomatic index,liver glycogen content,activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased,but hemoglobin content gradually declined (P<0.05).In fish fed diets containing higher than 11.96% DDS,serum glucose concentrations constantly increased from 3 to 12 h postprandial,and a continuous hyperglycaemia was observed.The highest serum protein content and complement activity (CH50) were found with fish fed the diet with 8.71% DDS (P<0.05),whereas activities of serum lysozyme and respiratory burst of head kidney leukocytes occurred to fish fed the diet with 11.96% DDS (P<0.05).Based on broken-line regression analysis of specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio against DDS levels,the suitable inclusion levels of digestible starch in the diet for largemouth bass were 9.22% and 10.05%,respectively.It can be concluded from this study that largemouth bass have a limited ability to utilize DDS efficiently.

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苟仕潘,陈乃松,徐祥泰,刘子科,尹佳.饲料中可消化淀粉对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(10):1499~1510

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  • 收稿日期:2015-03-04
  • 最后修改日期:2015-05-06
  • 录用日期:2015-09-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2015-10-28
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