The genetic gain and economic benefit from a multi-trait breeding scheme with Litopenaeus vannamei were calculated after performing 20 selections.The breeding object was made up of harvest body weight(BW),survival rate(SR)and feed intake(FI),but the trait FI was not included in the selection index.Selection response and genetic gain of the breeding object were estimated based on selection index theory.Economic benefit was predicted after nucleus shrimp was multiplied by a pyramid breeding structure(nucleus,multiplication and production populations).The sensitivity of profit(RP)and benefit/cost ratio(BCR)to a number of factors was examined.It comprises biological parameters(heritability value,accounting for feed intake),economic parameters(price of shrimp,price of feed,discount rate,initial investment,annual cost),and operational parameters(year when first return occurs,multiplication efficiency).For the base situation,selection responses on BW,SR and FI for the base situation were 0.86 g,4.70% and 1.54 g,respectively; the RP and BCR of this program were CNY 8627.48 million and 844.26 after performing 20 selections.The greatest contribution to variations in RP and BCR came from the improvements in the multiplication efficiency at the level of both the nucleus and the hatcheries.The sensitive analysis of G×E interaction showed that re-ranking effect had more significant effect than the scale effect on RP and BCR.If there were significant differences between culture environments and environment in the breeding center,independent breeding projects were suggested for governments or corporations from an economic viewpoint.