杂色蛤软体部营养成分分析及评价
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国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805046)


Analysis and evaluation of nutritive composition in edible part of Ruditapes variegata
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    摘要:

    测定分析了杂色蛤软体部的营养成分。结果表明,杂色蛤软体部(鲜样)中水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的质量分数分别为82.70%、2.63%、9.63%和0.54%。杂色蛤软体部(干样)中含有18种氨基酸,总量为52.86%,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为21.58%,占氨基酸总量的40.82%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WNEAA)为88.23%,构成比例符合FAO/WHO规定的优质蛋白质标准,鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为18.89%,占氨基酸总量的35.74%。杂色蛤软体部的限制性氨基酸为(甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸)、异亮氨酸和色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为73.83。脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占29.74%,其中EPA和DHA共占PUFA的67.82%,ω-3PUFA的含量丰富且明显高于ω-6 PUFA的含量。矿物元素比例合理,微量元素中Fe和Se含量较丰富,维生素中VA、VB2和VB5含量较丰富。表明杂色蛤软体部具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。

    Abstract:

    Currently,the research on Ruditapes variegata has focused on breeding,mantle tissues,pesticide residues,etc.There has rarely been reported about comprehensive nutrition analysis and evaluation of Ruditapes variegata.In this paper,general nutrients(moisture,crude ash,crude protein and crude fat),amino acids,fatty acids,mineral elements as well as vitamins in edible part of R.variegata were investigated.The examination results showed that the contents of moisture,crude ash,crude protein and crude fat in fresh edible part of R.variegata were 82.70%,2.63%,9.63% and 0.54%,respectively.The content of crude fat was lower than Cyclina sinensis,Mercenaria mercenaria, Ostrea rivularis,etc.Eighteen common amino acids were found in the edible part of R.variegate.In dry sample,the total content of amino acids(TAA)was 52.86%;the contents of essential amino acids(EAA),halfessential amino acids(HEAA)and nonessential amino acids(NEAA)were 21.58%,6.82% and 24.46%,respectively;the content of delicious amino acids(DAA)was 18.89%.The ratio of total essential amino acids to total amino acids(WEAA/WTAA)was 40.82%,and the ratio of total essential amino acids to total nonessential amino acids(WEAA/WNEAA) was 88.23%.It was clear that the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO)Standards.According to nutrition evaluation in amino acids score(AAS),the first limited amino acid was Met+Cys and the second limited amino acid was Ile.According to nutrition evaluation in chemical score(CS),the first limited amino acid was Met+Cys and the second limited amino acid was Trp.The essential amino acids index(EAAI)was 73.83,which was much higher than M.mercenaria (67.91).Twenty common fatty acids were found in the edible part of R.variegate,including 7 saturated fatty acids(SFA),6 mono-unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and 7 poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).the contents of SFA,MUFA and PUFA were 46.12%,24.14% and 29.74%,respectively.In PUFA,the contents of EPA and DHA were totally 67.82%;the content of ω-3PUFA was rich,which was much higher than ω-6PUFA.The composition of mineral elements in the edible part of R.variegata was reasonable.The trace elements such as Fe and Se were richer than those in Meretrix lusoria and Corbicula fluminea.The contents of VA and VB2 in vitamins were richer than Pinctada maxima and P.margaritifera; the content of VB5 in vitamins was richer than M.mercenaria.In conclusion,this investigation indicated that R.variegata is a nutritive and delicious shellfish,and it could be a potential aquaculture species.

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董辉,王颉,刘亚琼,范婧芳,孙剑锋,牟建楼.杂色蛤软体部营养成分分析及评价[J].水产学报,2011,35(2):276~282

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  • 收稿日期:2010-10-08
  • 最后修改日期:2010-11-24
  • 录用日期:2010-12-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2011-02-17
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