生物强化反应器净化循环养殖废水的研究
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国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2007AA10Z409);宁波大学2010年优秀学位论文培育基金(PY20100012)


Purifying effects of enhanced bioreactor on the wastewater in recirculating aquaculture systems
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    摘要:

    利用生物膜的高效截留原理,设计了生物强化反应器,在装有弹性纤维载体的反应器内接种具有硝化反硝化作用的复合菌群,经6周左右的人工挂膜后,弹性纤维载体表面出现了肉眼可见的生物膜。试验以循环养殖废水为研究对象,探讨了不同水力停留时间(HRT)和温度(WT)对生物强化反应器净化水质效果的影响。结果显示,HRT和WT对生物强化反应器净化养殖废水效果的影响显著(P<0.05)。对HRT和WT各处理水平下的CODMn、TN和NH 4-N去除率进行差异显著性分析,并综合考虑反应器的运行时间、费用和操作等因素,选取HRT=18 h、WT=30 ℃作为反应器的最佳运行条件,在此条件下反应器稳定运行3周左右。试验期间,CODMn、TN及NH 4-N的平均去除率分别达44.18%、51.31%及82.08%。此外,还对反应器内载体表面的生物膜进行了可培养微生物数量动态监测。强化反应器在正式运行的25 d内,其生物膜上的可培养微生物数量不断增多,氨氧化细菌数量由35.91?104 CFU/mg增长到89.43?104 CFU/mg,硝化细菌数量由25.75?104 CFU/mg增长到61.65?104 CFU/mg,反硝化细菌数量由14.23?104 CFU/mg增长到100.95?104 CFU/mg;氨氧化细菌和硝化细菌在与氮素循环相关的可培养细菌中占据着主导地位(59.95%~81.25%)。脱氮细菌不断地吸附于载体表面,并成功地定殖和繁殖使得生物膜不断成熟和稳定(TN和NH 4-N去除率分别达51.31%及82.08%)。结果表明,生物强化反应器对循环养殖废水中CODMn、TN和NH 4-N的去除效果明显。

    Abstract:

    An enhanced bioreactor was designed according to the highly effective interception principle of biofilm in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)by inoculating nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to the elastic fiber carriers on which biofilms could be observed in situ 6 weeks after inoculating.The impact of hydraulic retention time(HRT)and water temperature(WT)on the purifying effects of enhanced bioreactor on wastewater of RAS was investigated.The result showed that HRT and WT significantly impacted the purifying effect of the bioreactor on wastewater(P<0.05).After analysis of significant differences between HRT and WT within removal rate of CODMn,TN and NH 4-N,and considering run-time,cost and operational easiness of bioreactor,it was concluded that 18 h of HRT and 30 ℃ were the best operating conditions.The bioreactor was operated stably for 25 days under these conditions,the average removal rate of CODMn,TN and NH 4-N reached 44.18%,51.31% and 82.08%,respectively.In addition,the cultivable microorganisms in the biofilm of the enhanced bioreactor were detected regularly throughout the 25 days of experimental time.As the biofilm developed,the biomass of all kinds of cultivable microorganisms rose,average levels of nitrifying bacteria grew from 35.91?104 CFU/mg to 89.43?104 CFU/mg,nitroso-bacteria from 25.75?104 CFU/mg to 61.65?104 CFU/mg and denitrifying bacteria from 14.23?104 CFU/mg to 100.95?104 CFU/mg.Nitrifying and nitroso-bacteria dominated among cultivable microorganisms(59.95%-81.25%).Denitrifying bacteria were constantly adsorbed,colonized and successfully reproduced on the surface of elastic fiber carriers,which made biofilms more mature and stable(the removal rate of TN and NH 4-N reached respectively 51.31% and 82.08%).The results of present study revealed that the enhanced bioreactor plays an important role in the removal of CODMn,TN and NH 4-N in wastewater of RAS.

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钱伟,陆开宏,郑忠明,吕镇梅,谢丽凤,张克鑫.生物强化反应器净化循环养殖废水的研究[J].水产学报,2011,35(1):104~115

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  • 收稿日期:2010-09-22
  • 最后修改日期:2010-11-10
  • 录用日期:2010-12-01
  • 在线发布日期: 2011-01-14
  • 出版日期: 2011-01-15