东海区蟹笼渔具的选择性研究
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国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD43B04、2007BAD43B01、2007BAD43B02);浙江省科研院所公益技术攻关项目(2007F10007);浙江省科技厅公共服务专项项目(2007F30003);海洋渔业科学与技术浙江省重中之重学科开放课题(20100214)


Selectivity of crab pot for Portunus trituberculatu in the East China Sea region
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    摘要:

    针对目前东海区普遍使用的蟹笼(笼径60 cm,笼高25 cm,外罩网衣网目尺寸2a=32 mm)对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹资源损害较严重的现状,选择设计了在其框架结构上开设横向幼蟹释放口的选择性蟹笼,于2009年11月在32°30′~33°00′ N、124°00′~124°30′ E海域进行了海上生产性试验。结果表明:释放口高度与可从其逃逸的三疣梭子蟹的最大甲高趋于一致,如以125 g作为三疣梭子蟹的最小可捕体重标准,用甲高与体重的关系式可求得选择性释放口的高度为33 mm;释放口的选择曲线可用分段函数表示且无50%选择甲高,这不同于拖网、捕虾衍拖网与帆式张网网囊及捕鳗笼的网目选择曲线,后者可以用“逻辑斯谛选择曲线”模拟,且存在50%选择体长;采用各甲高组的平均选择率表示尾数选择率,经过卡方(χ2)检验,其生产性试验值小于20%,同时释放效果明显;释放口对逃逸幼蟹的存活率几乎不产生任何影响。本研究成果可供管理部门在制定三疣梭子蟹的最小可捕标准时参考。

    Abstract:

    Because the current common use crab pots(pot diameter 60 cm,height 25 cm,mesh size of clothing net 2a=32 mm)are causing the serious damages on the juvenile crab resources of Portunus trituberculatu in the East China Sea,a selective crab pot with escape gap opened on the framework for juvenile crab was designed.The productive tests in 32°30′-33°00′ N,124°00′-124°30′ E were carried out during Nov.2009.The results showed that the proper height of the escape gap is almost the same as the largest shell height of P.trituberculatu.If the minimum criterion of catchable body weight was 125 g,the height of selective escape gap was 33 mm which can be estimated from the relationship between shell height and body weight; The selection curve of the escape gap can be described by piecewise function without 50% selective shell height,which is different from “Logistic selection curve” that is usually used to describe the mesh selection curve of trawls,shrimp trawl,stow net and eel pot with 50% selective length.The selective rate in number can be denoted by the average selection rate of shell height groups,by ChiSquare(χ2)test,while its values of productive tests were smaller than 20%,it presents higher release rate; however,it shows almost no effects caused by the size of gap for escaping,on the survival of juvenile crab were observed.At the same time,we suggest the minimum size of catchable criterion could be referenced for the formulation of the fishery regulation.

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张洪亮,徐汉祥,黄洪亮,周永东.东海区蟹笼渔具的选择性研究[J].水产学报,2010,34(8):1277~1284

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  • 收稿日期:2010-04-19
  • 最后修改日期:2010-06-03
  • 录用日期:2010-07-06
  • 在线发布日期: 2010-08-11
  • 出版日期: 2010-08-15