长石莼(缘管浒苔)生活史的初步研究
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上海市科委”长三角联合攻关”项目(062358101);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101)


Preliminary study on life history of Ulva linza Linnaeus [Enteromorpha linza (L.) J. Ag.]
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    摘要:

    通过实验室培养观察,发现Ulva linza的生活史包括单性生殖、无性生殖和有性生殖三种方式。单株培养时,发现有些配子体通过放散两鞭毛的配子完成单性生殖;有些孢子体通过放散两鞭毛或四鞭毛的中性游孢子进行无性生殖。同时,有性生殖则由配子体和孢子体相互交替完成;多株培养时,雌雄异体的配子体成熟后,分别放散两鞭毛的雌雄配子,雌雄配子接合成合子,合子进一步发育成孢子体,孢子体成熟后放散四鞭毛的游孢子,游孢子运动一段时间后固着,随后发育成配子体。Ulva linza的生活史是单倍的配子体与二倍的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替。在Ulva linza的生活史中,无性生殖和单性生殖占有优势。因为不论是在无性生殖过程中的游孢子还是单性生殖过程中的配子,一经附着即可生长,无须经过有性生殖雌雄配子的接合过程,这就缩短了繁殖周期,加之配子囊和孢子囊放散配子和孢子的数量很大,在海况条件适宜的情况下,使Ulva linza大量繁殖,从而可能成为“绿潮”的成因之一。

    Abstract:

    Through laboratory cultivation and observation, the life history of Ulva linza which includes apomixis, asexual and sexual reproductions was found. Apomixis was completed by biflagellated gametes which were released from gametophytes. Biflagellate neutral zoospores and quadriflagellate neutral zoospores were observed. Biflagellate neutral zoospores released from zoosporangia were settled after moving for about an hour. Settled biflagellate neutral zoospores could develop into sporophytes. The newly developed sporophytes also released this kind of biflagellate neutral zoospores to complete asexual reproduction. The asexual reproduction completed by quadriflagellate neutral zoospores was the same as biflagellate neutral zoospores. Sexual reproduction was completed by an alternation of gametophytes and sporophytes. Mature dioecious gametophytes released biflagellated female and male gametes. The zygotes were formed after conjugation between female and male gametes. Then the zygotes developed into sporophytes. When sporophytes were matured, quadriflagellate zoospores were released from zoosporangia, and developed into new gametophytes. Life history of Ulva linza was typically an alternation of isomorphic, unisexual haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes, of which apomixis and asexual reproduction were dominant. Without conjugation between female and male gametes, the life history of Ulva linza was curtailed. The gametes could develop instantly after being settled. Moreover, the quantities of gametes released form gametangia and the quantity of zoospores from zoosporangia were very large. Under appropriate conditions, Ulva linza would reproduce rapidly. Perhaps, this is one of the reasons for the ourbreak of the “green tide” in the Yellow Sea.

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马家海,嵇嘉民,徐韧,何培民,张天夫,王晓坤,李宇航,任松,许璞,陆勤勤.长石莼(缘管浒苔)生活史的初步研究[J].水产学报,2009,33(1):45~52

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  • 收稿日期:2008-08-27
  • 最后修改日期:2008-09-19
  • 录用日期:2009-01-08
  • 在线发布日期: 2009-01-08
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