First of all, the development of aquaculture biotechnology in the world was briefly reviewed, mainly including gene cloning, gene transfer, chromosome manipulation, polyploid induction, gynogenesis and sex control in fish. Secondly, the development and achievement of aquaculture biotechnology recently in China were presented, including the screening and cloning of functional genes in aquaculture animals, the screening and application of molecular marker, breeding by gene engineering and cell engineering, culture of fish embryo stem cell and the establishment of cells library, products of gene engineering for fishery, vaccine development, the cryopreservation of fish sperm and embryo, and so on. Thirdly, the problem and deficiency of the development and research in aquaculture biotechnology in China were pointed out by comparing with the development abroad. Finally, the trend of aquaculture biotechnology was prospected, moreover, the trend and key points of research in 5 to 10 years in China were suggested.