Metaphase chromosome specimens of Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt injected with PHA and colchicin, were prepared from short-term culture of kidney cells with air-drying technique. It diploid chromosome number is 2n = 236?2. The kinetic bodies of the 120 chromosomes were watched and the others are microchromosome. Karyotype consists of 80m ＋ 16sin ＋ 24st, t ＋ 116mc,NF = 332. Diploid nucleus DNA content was measured from the somatic cell of Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, using flow cytometer （ Partec pasⅢ ,made in Germany） and the DNA content （2.3 pg?N^-1） of erythrocytes of chick （ Gallus sp） as standard. It DNA content is 12.24 pg?N^-1, which corresponds with the result measured chromosome number as ploidy. Synthesizing above results, the conclusion was obtained that Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt is octalpoid. Compared with the reports about sturgeons and paddlefishes, the results of this paper were identical with the one measured by Song Shu-xiang et al. about A. schrenckii（DNA content is 11.73 pg ? N^-1 ; chromosome number is 238 ?） using flow cytometer, but is different from the ones of P. spathuta （3.96 pg）, P. gladius （4. 11 pg）, A. dabryanus （8. 26 pg）, A. schrenckii （6. 07 pg）, A. sinensis （9. 07 pg） by Zhang siming using microspectrophotometer. These differences are relevant to the methods used （ flow cytometer or microspectrophotometer）, standard DNA（erythrocytes of chick or human lymphocyte）and the DNA absolute content （for example, the DNA absolute content of erythrocytes of chick is 2.3 pg or 3.22 pg）.