The applicability of microsatellite primers from Gyprinus carpio to Monopterus albus population was studied in the present paper. The results showed that 11 of the 31 pairs of microsatellite primers from Cyprinus carpio could amplify Monogpterus albus DNA and produce special allele patterns. The allele numbers for each primer ranged 3 to 13, and a mean of 5.6 alleles were found for each locus, which indicated a higher polymorphism. P1 was the most perfect primer among all these 11 pairs, which could distinguish the 3 Monopterus albus populations collected from Hunan, Guangdong （China） and Bengal. The results of the polymorphisms of genetic DNA of Monopterus albus populations from the 3 different locations showed that the average similarity of the 3 Monopterus albus populations from Hunan, Guangdong and Bengal was 95.5 %, 95.8 % and 93.5 %, respectively, and the average variability was 0. 045,0. 042 and 0.063, respectively. The average similarity and variability between every two of the three populations were： 91.0 % and 0. 045 between Hunan and Guangdong populations, respectively, 55.7 % and 0. 443 between Hunan and Bengal populations, respectively, and 58.6 % and 0. 414 between Guangdong and Bengal populations, respectively. By summarizing all the data from microsatellite analysis, morphological characteristics and geographic distribution, the authors could deduce that the Monopterus albus populations from Hunan and from Guangdong were the same species, and the population from Bengal belongs to another species.