As an important source of air pollution,pollution emissions of fishing boats caused widespread concern in the international community.As a clean,renewable energy which has the similar performance to petroleum diesel that can be mixed for use in a diesel engine,biodiesel can be a better alternative energy in the post-oil era with significant emission reduction effects.This paper explored the reduction strategies of fishing boats using biodiesel based on evolutionary game theory.This paper analyzed the dynamic changes of the proportion of fishermen,fishermen and enterprises that adopted different strategies with bounded rationality,as well as the conditions for stable strategy.This paper considered that subsidy policy of the government,supervision of the fishing department and effective implementation of carbon trading can change the fishermen’ benefit matrix to induce fishermen to reduce emissions by using alternative energy sources.This paper estimated the cost abatement of Chinese fishing vessels.The results showed that fishing boat engine blended 5 percent biodiesel would result in an average annual increase in cost by nearly 3000 yuan per boat.If the government is able to develop biodiesel subsidy policy and establish an effective carbon trading system,with no increase in the cost,the fishermen will gradually tend to use biodiesel for fishing boats emission reduction.