• Volume 32,Issue 6,2008 Table of Contents
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    • Diversity and seasonal dynamics of rotifer in Dianshan Lake

      2008, 32(6):906-914. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:The dynamics of rotifer community structure in Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, was studied during 2004 to 2006. Species composition, temporal and spacial distribution, biodiversity index of Rotifer and the relationship between rotifer density and water temperature, Chl.a were analyzed. A total of 53 species were identified, with Polyarthra trigla, Brachionus angularis, Brachionus calyciflorus, Keratella cochlearis, Keratella valga, Filinia longiseta and Epiphanes senta being dominant species. The total density of dominant species accounted for 82.2%、82.7% and 78.8% of the total rotifer density of the corresponding year. The mean rotifer density and biomass, averaged over 2004-2006 were 2 514 ind·L-1 and 2.94 mg·L-1, respectively. The highest density is 117 00 ind·L-1 appeared in St6, March, 2005. Seasonal distribution of rotifer density and biomass were consistent among the studied years, that is, Spring(4 862 ind·L-1 and 5.45 mg·L-1) > autumn (2300 ind·L-1 and 3.45 mg·L-1) > summer (1 773 ind·L-1 and 1.88 mg·L-1) > winter (940 ind·L-1 and 0.45 mg·L-1). Spacial distribution of the rotifer density and biomass tends to be higher in the Lake centre site than that at inflow or outflow sites, and lowest at St3 close to the cage culture area. The mean Shannon-Wiever index(H), averaged over year, and among sampling sites was 2.27 (ranged 2.08 to 2.50). The rotifer density was positively correlated with Chl.a concentration and the regressive equation is: Rotifer density (ind·L-1)=521.6 + 64.11chl.a (μ·L-1)(r=0.634, P<0.001).

    • Effect of temperature and salinity on the egg incubation period of the Charybdis feriatus

      2008, 32(6):915-921. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (3960) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2015) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper studied the effects of temperature and salinity on incubation period of the red crab (Charybdis feratus) in the laboratory. Ovigerous females were reared in 100 L glass tanks at seven temperature (14, 21, 23, 25, 27,29, and 36 ℃) and five salinities (15,20,25,30,35) levels, resulte showed that the incubation period decreased exponentially from 28 to 10 days with increasing temperature in the range 21-29 ℃. Relationship between temperature (T) and egg incubation period (D) was analyzed using the following three equation models: power function, D=aTb; Bělehrádek’s equation, D=a(T-a)b; and from the Effective Accumulated Temperature, D=a/(T-a), the equation of heat summation theory was the best model to characterize the relationship between temperature and the number of days required for incubation. The biological zero temperature for development was 15.68 ℃ for the Effective Accumulated Temperature. The optimal incubation temperature was 27-29 ℃ while the optimal incubation salinity was 20-35. At low salinities, embryos must have developed more slowly, but later the enhanced water content of the eggs might have accelerated the hatching process. As the results express as curve regression, the best model of relationship between salinity (S) and egg incubation period (D) was D=0.53+200.24-0.14S+0.24S(R2=0.99,P<0.01).

    • Setting up radioimmunoassay for sturgeon gonadotropin GtH and assay of Amur sturgeon serum GtH after inducing ovulation

      2008, 32(6):817-824. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Gonadotropin (GtH) protein was purified from the pituitary of Russian sturgeon using fast protein liquid chromatograph (FPLC). A total of 4.6 mg of Russian sturgen GtH in dry weight was obtained. The purified protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Two subunits of GtH were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rpHPLC). The molecular weight was determined through mass spectrograph. The α subunit was 15 603 ku and the two β-subunits were 14 338 ku and 14 694 ku respectively. Rabbit anti-sturgeon GtH polyclone antibody was prepared; purified GtH was labeled by 125I using chloramines T as labeled antigen; then the sturgeon GtH radioimmunoassay (RIA) method was set up using the goat anti-rabbit γ-globulin as the second antibody . After inducing ovulation, changes of serum GtH levels were detected. The secretion peak of female fish ovulated successfully was sustained from 12 to 16 hours after first inducing injection and the serum GtH levels were increased significantly compared with control group and un-ovulated fish. The effect time of LHRH-A was related close to the serum GtH levels.

    • Growth of the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii and its correlation with the growth of pearls

      2008, 32(6):922-928. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Through the monthly measurement on the shell length, shell width, total weight, weight of body mass, shell weight and weight of pearls of the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii from May to November,the growth pattern of the 2 year old pearl mussel in its main growing season and its correlation with the growth of the pearls were studied. Results showed: the relation between the pearl weight (PW) and the shell length (SL) and shell weight (SW) were PW=0.0008SL3.3946 (R2=0.6948) and PW=0.7809SW1.0227 (R2=0.6888), respectively, while the relation between PW and total weight (TW) of the mussel, weight of body mass (BW) and weight of the shell (W) were PW=0.0021TW1.5434 (R2=0.7337),PW=0.107BW0.9125 (R2=0.7158) and PW=0.0324W1.1259 (R2=0.7101), respectively. The relationship between TW and SL, SW were exponential curve fitting and could be expressed as TW=16.003e0.1681SL,(R2=0.7961) and TW=64.311e0.1372SW (R2=0.6822), respectively, while the relation between BW and SL, SW, and the relation between W and SL, SW were all power function fitting, and could be described as BW=0.0188SL3.1427,(R2=0.6927), BW=12.446SW0.8974 (R2=0.617), W=0.0656SL2.7721, (R2=0.8271) and W=19.876SW0.802 (R2=0.7563), respectively. Results of this study indicated that there exist a significant correlation between the pearl growth and the growth of the mussel, which suggested that to learn the growth of pearls, it is no more necessary to direct measure the pearls by dissecting sample mussels, instead, it is now possible to measure the weight and shell length etc. of the mussels and the growth of the pearls could be also well learnt through the correlation obtained.

    • Morphology and distribution of antennular sensilla in Macrobrachium nipponense

      2008, 32(6):825-830. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to examine the morphology and distribution of antennular sensilla of the Macrobrachium nipponense. The results showed that there is no sexual dimorphism in the morphology and distribution of the antennular sensilla. Each antennule is consisted of two flagella, the medial flagellum and the lateral flagellum on which there is an appendage flagellum. There are four types of sensilla on the flagella of antennules of M. nipponense: aesthetascs, two types of simple setae and denticulated setae. Aesthetascs are located on the appendage flagella of the antennules. The distal part of the aesthetasc is very soft and there is no pore on the tip of the aesthetascs. Other types of setae are located on both the lateral and medial flagella. Type I simple setae are smooth with a pore on the tip. They usually appear in groups with type II or denticulated setae and they are shorter than the type II and the denticulated setae. Type II setae are smooth with scales around tip, with complicated pore structure. There are two different sizes of denticulated setae. The 1/2~1/3 distal portion of the denticulated setae is studded with numerous denticles. Their tips and pore structures are similar to those of type II setae.

    • The variations on innate immune activity and muscular composition of Japanese sea perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, experienced starvation and refeeding

      2008, 32(6):929-938. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:The variations on muscle composition and innate immunity of the Japanese sea perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, which experienced starvation and refeeding were studied in this paper. Four treatments were designed. S0 group was treated as control for normal feeding during the experiment phase. S5, S10 and S15 groups were fasted for 5 d, 10 d and 15 d respectively and then refed as normal as the control. Fish were sampled every 5 days from the control group, or at the end of starvation and every 5 days during the refeeding phase from the experiment groups for assays on muscle composition and innate immunity. The results indicate that there are significant effects of starvation on muscle compostion. Compared to that of the control, the fish from S10 group have a significant lower lipid content and the fish from S15 have significant lower lipid and protein contents while higher moisture in muscle at the end of starvation. It is suggested that lipid prior to protein in muscle is used as an energy source during starvation for Japanese sea perch. During the refeeding phase, the muscular lipid content of the fish from S10 group and S15 group continue to decrease to some extent then increase to the control level. While the muscular protein content of the fish from S15 increased as refeeding begun. It is suggested that the Japanese sea perch which experienced starvation restore protein prior to lipid in muscle during refeeding. The fish from S15 group have a significant lower protein concentration in serum at the end of starvation. Compared to that of control, there is no significant variations on lysozyme activities in serum, spleen and head kidney of the fish from S5 group. After 10 d refeeding, the fish from S10 group have a compensatory increment of lysozyme activity in head kidney. The phagocytosis activities decreases after the fish experienced starvation. The fish from S5 group have a compensatory increment of phagocytosis activities after 15 d refeeding while the fish from S10 group and S15 group do not display the comensatory increment of phagocytosis activitis. It is therefore suggested that starvation and refeeding also affect the innate immunity of Japanese sea perch and a resonable starvation regimen will improve the innate immunity of the fish.

    • Cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of the proteasome activator subunit 2 full-length cDNA from carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)

      2008, 32(6):831-837. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:In order to research the effectiveness of proteasome activator subunit 2 in carp’s immunologic response,we cloned the cDNA of proteasome activator subunit 2 from peripheral blood leukocyte of carp. Moreover,we also researched the expression information of PA28β in carp’s peripheral blood leukocyte. The cDNA library of peripheral blood leucocytes which were isolated from carp ( Cyprinus carpio L) and stimulated with mitogen PHA and ConA was screened by a probe labelled with DIG. Using DD-RTPCR, the probe considered as the differential expression fragment which is partial sequence of proteasome activator subunit 2 was obtained. After two rounds of screening from 8 thousand recombinate phages,the positive clone was obtained. Sequence analysis indicates that it contains a insert sequence of 1 175 bp in length with an full ORF encoding 244 amino acids of proteasome activator subunit 2,including PA28β and partis α subunit motifs. The protein sequence showed significant homologues (95% identity) with zebrafish proteasome activator PA28β ,which has 244 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment with other species showed that carp PA28β sequence has the highest homologue with that of zebrafish, and has the lowest homologue with Xenopus tropicalis,which is 55 % identity. Using the total RNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocyte which was isolated,cultured and stimulated with mitogen PHA and ConA,this paper did semi-quantitate RT-PCR. It displays that the quantity of PA28β in leucocyte stimulated with mitogen PHA and ConA is obviously larger than in normal carp leucocytes in the prophas(4 h). However,it is not always much than that of the normal leucocyte at the same time with the time going, the express of PA28β mRNA in carp leucocytes stimulated by PHA for 4 h is higher than stimulated for 12 h,and the express of PA28β mRNA stimulated by ConA for 4 h is higher than 24 h. This is the first report for full length cDNA sequence of the PA28β from carp. The GenBank accession number for the sequence is EU255233.

    • Analysis of minisatellites in crab Portunus trituberculatus genome

      2008, 32(6):838-846. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:In this paper, genome library of crab Portunus trituberculatus was constructed. By sequencing randomly, 4 164 clones of sequences in the genomic library of crab Portunus trituberculatus were obtained. Then, using software DNASTAR (Version 5. 0) to assembly all of the clones , 709 clones independent of each other, were made in which the length of DNA sequences is about 622 409 bp in total. With the help of the bio-soft Tandem Repeats Finder (Version 2. 02), 130 minisatellites were screened in the crab’s genome DNA sequences. Their cumulative length occupied 2.55% of the total length of DNA sequences. In the minisatellite sequences, twelve-nucleotide repeats were the most frequent type, accounting for 10.77% of the total number of minisatellites. It showed that the number of sequences decreased with the length of its repeat unit(R=-0.663,P<0.01). Eight-nucleotide repeat had the largest range of copy number of repeat unit (3.9-66.5), the following were thirteen-nucleotide repeat type (2.0-40.6) and twenty-six-nucleotide (2.3-21.0) , respectively. Descending three repeat types in mean copy number of repeat unit were eight-nucleotide repeat (19.96), twenty-five-nucleotide (16.00) and twenty-two-nucleotide (15.85), respectively. The range of copy number of repeat unit varied from 2 to 66.5, and the copy number mostly ranged from 2 to 25. Moreover, it was showed that the number of corresponding minisatellites decreased as copy number of repeat unit increased. In our research, the 130 minisatellite sequences are composed of 123 kinds of repeat units, so it is very difficult to classify the minisatellite sequences. The minisatellite sequences can be classified into three types: dinucleotide minisatellite sequences composed of two kinds of nucleotide, trinucleotide minisatellite sequences composed of three kinds of nucleotide and tetranucleotide minisatellite sequences composed of four kinds of nucleotide. Further, all of above sequences can be divided into many sub-types according to the composition of nucleotide and their number from large to small. Totally, the minisatellite sequences in Portunus trituberculatus are A/T rich. This paper also discussed the genesis and evolution of minisatellite repeat sequences, and it is belived that the minisatellite repeats may come from the microsatellite repeats. It could be very practical to use minisatellite to study the genome of Portunus trituberculatus and would be applied to a variety of fields.

    • Preliminary Research on the adhesion protein of Rhodotorula glutinis and the mucus receptor

      2008, 32(6):939-944. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:In order to select probiotic strains with high adhesion capability to turbot intestinal mucus and understand the adhesion mechanism of Rhodotorula glutinis, the ability of Rhodotorula glutinis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Candida sp. and Bacillus subtilis adhering to the intestinal mucus of turbot (Scophthatmus maximus) was investigated in vitro, adhesion protein of Rhodotorula glutinis and mucus receptor were also identified. The results indicate all of the four probiotic strains can adhere to turbot intestinal mucus and significantly better than the BSA treatment. Adhesion percent of R. glutinis to intestinal mucus is the highest among the four probiotic strains. C. ethanolica and B. subtilis adhere to intestinal mucus but weakly. Forthermore, adhesion of R. glutinis to intestinal mucus was quantitatively inhibited by graded concentration of surface protein extracted from R. glutinis. However, the surface protein have no effect on the attachment of C. ethanolica and other two strains to the intestinal mucus. The adhesion protein extracted from the R. glutinis cell surface and intestinal mucus isolated from turbot intestine was visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was identified by Western-blotting with horseradish peroxidase-labeled mucus or surface proteins. The results show that 38.5 ku and 28.6 ku protein of cell surface extraction involved in adherence of R. glutinis to mucus. Two kinds of protein in mucus can be recognized by the surface proteins of R. glutinis, the relative molecular weight is 27.3 ku and 22.3 ku, respectively. The above four kinds of proteins were identified as glycoproteins by PAS methods.

    • M-like proteins and antigenicity of M-like proteins in Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae

      2008, 32(6):945-949. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:M-like protein was reported mostly in Streptococcus equi and S. suis, and was a kind of important antigen of Streptococcus. In order to analyze antigenicity of M-like protein S. iniae, three different extraction methods (hot acid extraction, alkaline extraction and pepsin digestion) were used for preparing M-like proteins from Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. The M-like proteins of the two streptococci were analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. By comparing the results of the three methods, the M-like proteins extracted by hot acid had the strongest immunogenicity. The SDS-PAGE diagrams of the M-like proteins of the two streptococci were distinctly different. The M-like proteins extracted from S. iniae contained 7 minor protein bands with molecular weights of 60, 48, 37, 33, 27, 24 and 15 ku, the M-like proteins extracted from S. dysgalactiae contained 2 minor protein bands with molecular weights of 68 and 42 ku. After SDS-PAGE, in the Western-blotting with rabbit antiserum against S. iniae whole cells, only 2 M-like proteins of S. iniae with molecular weights at 60 ku and 37 ku were detected, and only 2 M-like proteins of S. dysgalactiae with molecular weights at 68 ku and 37 ku. It showed that the M-like proteins of the two streptococci had different constitutions and antigenicity.

    • Molecular phylogenetic relationship of Carangidae based on partial sequence of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene

      2008, 32(6):847-854. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:The classification and evolutionary relationship of Carangidae has remained much controversy between conventional morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of 9 species of 8 genera from Carangidae in China sea were amplified using PCR technique. Approximately, 598 bp gene fragments were obtained. The resulting data were combined with Pomadasys maculates designed outgroup and additional homologous sequences of 3 species from Carangidae downloaded from GenBank to form the analysis matrix. Nucleotide composition frequencies, Kimura-2 parameter genetic distance and transition/transversion ratios were analyzed with the MEGA 3.0 software. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The results were as follows: (1)There were insertions and deletions of base pairs in the aligned base pairs. 146 bp variable site were 2.17, suggesting that the sequences had not reached saturation. The average percentage divergence was 8.22%; (2) Fish classification system of Carangidae classified four subfamilies as Caranginae, Seriolinae, Trachinotinae, Chorineminae was acceptable, according to the partial sequence of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene; (3) It’s improper to define subgenus in Caranx of Caranginae; (4) Alepes djedaba and Alepes kleinii had a close relationship, should be belong to the same Alepes genus, as the difference of partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene between them was only 1.07%.

    • High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of residue of domoic acid in shellfish

      2008, 32(6):950-956. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Contamination of shellfish products by different biotoxins is one of the most important issues leading to the concern of food safety, which directly related to the health of seafood consumers. Even miniscule doses of some algal toxins, such as domoic acid (DA) or saxitoxin, can cause severe illness or death in humans. Therefore, it's important to carry on the reseaches on biotoxins contamination in shellfish, especially in China, where the shellfish mariculture industry has become more and more important. Detection method targeted on domoci acid biotoxin has been developed using liquid chromatography in China but little information is available on its Confirming Method. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was established for the determination of residue of domoic acid in shellfish. Shellfish samples were collected from Zhejiang Province from March to Novermber in 2007. DA were extracted from homogenized samples with 50% methanol solution, followed by clean-up of the extracts with LC-MAX column, and eluted by citrate solution. Two daughter ions (m/z 803.5/255.1, m/z 803.5/563.1) were scanned, analyte identification were performed by electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode using MRM and the quantification were performed using external standard method. The conditons of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were as follows, positive ion electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode, IS + 5250V, TEM 475℃, DP100V, FP325V, NEB8, CUR11, EP8, CAD10, CXP17, CE23(m/z312.1/266.4), CE34(m/z312.1/162.4). The mobile phase of HPLC was the acetonitrile; 0.1% acetic acid water solution (vol/vol:20:80) and the chromatographic column was Zorbax XDB-C18 (2.1 mm×150 mm×5 μm). The result showed that the limit of detection was 0.02 μm·g-1, and the linear range was 0.02 μm·g-1-8.0 μm·g-1. At spiked level of 0.02 μm·g-1-4.00 μm·g-1, the average recoveries of DA were 80.2%-92.2%, RSD were 4.42%-9.46%, respectively. A batch of main aquacultre shellfishes collocted along the Zhejing coast was evaluated using the above method. The results showed that the LCMSMS method is sensitive, reliable, selective and specific for the determination of domoic acid.

    • Population structure of the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, among the south China sea, western Pacific

      2008, 32(6):855-863. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to amplify the elongation factor 1-alpha intron sequences region from 95 wild individuals of Penaeus monodon caught from sea waters of Sanya of Hainan, Shenzhen, Zhanjiang and Beihai in the south China Sea. The PCR products were cloned. The electropositive cloned products were sequenced. As a result, about 216 bp nucleotide sequences that could be analysed were obtained (the primer and some of the marginal sequences were exclude). The nucleotide sequences of the black tiger prawn from China combined with sequences of the western Indian Ocean and western Pacific populations (from Genebank) were analysed. By using Clustal X to align and compare the sequences of the 207 individuals with each other , 188 variation sites were observed ,of which there were 67 insertion sites or deletions , 121 polymorphic sites. 89 haplotypes were detected from the elongation factor 1-alpha intron sequences, the Haploid diversity (Hd) was 0.975. The results showed that gene diversity of the China population was minimum, gene diversity of the western Indian ocean was biggest. By analyzing popultion pairwise FST-valules, it indicated very strong differentiation between populations from the western Pacific Ocean and western Indian Ocean (P<0.001), this differentiation was also detected between Chian Sea, western Indian Ocean and western Pacific populations. In the molecular phylogenetic tree constructed in the method of UPGMA, the western Pacific Ocean and Chian populations aggregated into a branch, the western Indian Ocean population aggregated another branch. Judged by sequence difference analysis, the distance related between Chian and western Indian population was farther than the distance related between Chian and western Pacific population; among four population of Chian Sea, Beihai population was more distantly related with Shenzhen, Hainan and Zhanjiang populations, while Shenzhen, Zhanjiang and Hainan populations were more closely related.

    • Study on the pyrophosphatase (PPase) from Aristichthys nobilis muscle

      2008, 32(6):957-964. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:The hydrolysis of sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) in the fresh Aristichthys nobilis minced meat was studied by using ion chromatography (IC) in this work. The biochemical properties of the crude pyrophosphatase (Ppase) were also be studied. The results showed that TSPP was hydrolyzed to orthophosphate (Pi) in A. nobilis minced meat. There was a resoluble pyrophosphatase in the A. nobilis meat. The optimum temperature and pH for the crude PPase activity of A. nobilis meat was 50 ℃, and 8.0, respectively. The PPase activity was activated by Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+, but Mg2+ was the more suitbale to the crude PPase. Under the condition of 1 mol·L-1 Mg2+, the PPase activity was 0.023 μmol·min-1·mg-1. Glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P) could inhibit the activity of crude PPase. The crude PPase activity was activated under the condition of below 1 mol·L-1 EDTA-Na2, but was consumingly inhibited when the concentration of EDTA-Na2 over 1 mol·L-1.

    • The study on diallel cross of shell color strains in Manila clam Ruditapes Philippinarum

      2008, 32(6):864-875. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:The 3×3 diallel crosses of different shell color strains were conducted using “Ocean Red”(R),“White”(W) and “Zebra”(Z) in autumn 2006. The experiments consisted of three self-fertilized groups (R R,W W,Z Z) and three hybrid groups (R Z,W Z,W R), in total six reciprocal crosses (RZ,ZR,WZ,ZW,WR,RW). The heterosis of growth, metamorphosis, survival and shell color determinism on offspring were investigated. The results showed that heterosis varied at different phases for each hybrid groups. At pelagic stage, the growth heterosis (Hg=6.20±2.43) increased with post-days and correlativity between the survival heterosis (Hs =14.83±0.28) and post-days was not observed. The hybridized group (W×Z) presented obvious heterosis (Hg w×z =8.50 ±2.79, Hs w×z =20.59±0.98) which was significantly different from those of other group (R×Z、W×R) (P<0.05). At metamorphic stage, the metamorphosis rates of hybrid groups were higher than those of self-fertilized groups and the metamorphic time was was shortened by two days. The metamorphic heterosis was 15.84. At indoor rearing stage, the growth heterosis (Hg =8.98±2.91) was found prior to the survival heterosis (Hs =8.11±8.18). The growth heterosis of hybrid group (W×Z) (Hg w×z =15.93±6.47) was significantly different from that of hybrid group (R×Z、W×R) and the survival heterosis of hybrid group (W×Z) (Hs w×z =8.78±8.76) was remarkably different from (W×R)(P<0.05). At outdoor rearing stage, the heterosis was Hg =12.77±1.20,Hs =49.85±1.93, respectively. The heterosis of hybrid group (W×Z) were Hg w×z =20.92±1.98,Hs w×z =61.60±1.38, the differences of which among hybrid groups were the same as those at juvenile stage. Generally, the heterosis of growth rate were 15.06、17.4、15.77, respectively at larvae stage during larvae stage, juvenile stage and youth stage, juvenile stage and youth stage and no significant difference at each stages was observed. As a whole, the order of heterosis was W×Z>R×Z>W×R. The shell colors of offspring for R×Z, W×Z, W×R were red zebra, white zebra (a posterior band on the left valve) and middle red (a posterior band on the left valve), respectively. The results of both direct cross and reciprocal cross were the same. Results indicated that coloring was not linked to sex and was not of sex-linked inheritance.

    • >ROUNDUPS
    • Recent research progress in fish uncoupling protein gene

      2008, 32(6):965-970. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:The regulation of energetic efficiency through the physiological uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation may be a common strategy developed early in evolution. Uncoupling protein families are transporters in mitochondrial inner membrane. There are five UCP homologs in mammalian genome. UCP1-3 are closely related with each other, while UCP4 and UCP5 (also called brain mitochondrial carrier protein-1, BMCP1) differ from them greatly. UCP1-4 were discovered not only in endotherms such as mammals and birds, but also in ectothermic vertebrates such as fish and amphibia. UCP5 was identified only in mammals. UCP1, which is only expressed in mammalian brown adipose tissue, mediates proton leakage of the proton gradient that is generated by the respiratory chain, and as a result, the oxidative energy is dissipated as heat. UCP2 and UCP3 function both in fever, ROS inhibition, fatty acid oxidation, the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and so on. Their expression regulations are complex. UCP4 and UCP5 diverge from other UCP further. UCP4 is uniquely expressed in brain, whilst UCP5 transcripts are present in multiple tissues, with an especially high abundance in brain. Their functions are still unclear, but they have been implicated in processes similar to those suggested for UCP2 and UCP3.

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • Cloning and sequencing of the full-length cDNA of pepsinogen gene from the mandarin fish,Siniperca chuatsi

      2008, 32(6):971-976. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Pepsinogen is one kind of gastric digestive proteinases belonging to a family of aspartic proteinases, which is synthesized in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates and converted to pepsins in the acidic environment of gastric juice. The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a typical carnivorous fish which only prey on small live full-length cDNA of pepsinogen gene of S. chuatsi) was cloned by means of RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and sequenced. The result reveals a 1 367 bp cDNA full-length sequence containing 43 bp 5′-untranslated region, 187 bp 3′-untranslated region and 1 137 bp open reading frame (ORF), which encodes 378 amino acids with characteristic signal peptides and activation peptides. The pepsinogen of S. chuatsi also has highly conserved amino acid residues essential for catalytic activity and conformational maintenance, which are two essential aspartyl residues in the active site and six cysteine residues involved in forming three disulphide bonds. The homology of amino acid sequences between pepsinogen of S. chuatsi and other vertebrate pepsinogens ranges from 59.9% to 91.2%, which indicates the pepsinogen gene is highly conserved in evolution. The NJ phylogenetic tree of vertebrates from the amino acids sequences of pepsinogen showed all fish were clustered as a group, the pepsinogen of S. chuatsi was the closest to pepsinogen A form Ⅱ a of winter flounder. The successful cloning of pepsinogen gene from S. chuatsi not only lays the foundation for further study of its temporal and spatial expression, but also provides new material for the molecular characteristic and evolution of fish pepsinogen.

    • >PAPERS
    • Comparison on the larval traits between strain “Zhongkehong” and common cultured population of bay scallop Argopecten irradians under different temperature

      2008, 32(6):876-883. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

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      Abstract:Fertilized-eggs and larvae of strain “Zhongkehong” bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) and common cultured population (control) were separately produced by self-fertilization, hybridization, and mixed mating. The three types of offspring were hatched and cultured under 20 ℃, 23 ℃ and 26 ℃ respectively. Hatching rate, ten-day larval survival, larval shell length on day 1 and 10 were separately compared between two populations. Results showed that the hatching rate of fertilized-eggs from “Zhongkehong” was higher than that from the common cultured population. Ten-day survival of self-fertilized larvae from “Zhongkehong” was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05), while offspring from hybridization and mixed mating were insignificantly lower (P>0.05). Shell length of self-fertilized larvae (P<0.05) and larvae of mixed mating from “Zhongkehong” were greater than their counterparts on day 1, but that of the hybrid larvae was significantly smaller than the common cultured population (P<0.05). At age of 10 days, shell length of larvae produced by self-fertilization, hybridization (P<0.05) and mixed mating from “Zhongkehong” exceeded the controls, indicating the growth advantage of “Zhongkehong” population. Temperature influenced the four larval traits significantly (P<0.05) and “Zhongkehong” population was more tolerant to 20 ℃ and 26 ℃ than the control.

    • Effects of Prorocentrum donghaiense on the experimental population dynamics of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

      2008, 32(6):884-889. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (3359) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2059) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this paper, the life-table method was used to study the effects of different concentration Prorocentrum donghaiense on the durations of different development stages of Brachionus plicatilis and the characters of its population growth. The results showed that P. donghaiense had significant effects on the growth and development of B. plicatilis via prolonging the durations of the rotifer's embryonic development and pre-reproductive, shortening the durations of its reproductive and post-reproductive and its mean lifespan, and reducing its laying eggs and fecundity. The net reproduction rate and intrinsic increasing rate of B. plicatilis decreased significantly, in comparison with those of the control. B. plicatilis could maintain definite population increase in the presence of different concentration P. donghaiense.

    • Abundance distributions of zooplanktons in Pacific Saury (Cololabis saira) summer feeding grounds of the northwestern Pacific Ocean

      2008, 32(6):890-898. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (3544) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2118) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The zooplankton specimens were investigated in Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) fishing grounds of northwestern Pacific Ocean from July to September in 2005, and then were analyzed by species, amount and distributions. The results showed that 25 genera of zooplanktons were identified, which belonged to Crustacea, Sagittoidea, Amphipoda, and Euphausiacea were the highest. The biomass of zooplanktons distribution was not even, with peak zones around the sites closed to EEZ of Russia and the sites north to 46°30′N. The average site-biomass was (430.06±251.18) mg·m-3, with 11 sites more than 500 mg·m-3. Gray correlation theory and stomach content method were used to build the relationship between the distributions of zooplanktons and Pacific saury. The average daily saury catch was (7.72±5.25) t·d-1, average daily catch per net was (0.78±0.33) t·net-1, according to Gray correlation theory, both of them had a comparatively high relation coefficient with the distributions of Copepoda, Chaetognatha, and Amphipoda. And with the analysis of contents from Pacific saury specimens’s stomachs, the most frequently detected zooplankton was Copepoda, followed by Chaetognath, Mysidacea, Amphipoda and Tomopteridae. In all zooplanktons, the site-occurrence-rates of Copepoda and Chaetognatha were the highest, 100% and 93.3%, and the average biomass of which were 298.56 mg·m-3 and 118.09 mg·m-3 and the summation accounted for 96.88% of total biomass. The result shows that these two species created a strong relationship with the distribution of saury fishing grounds, and their biomass can be considered as the important indicator of looking for the main saury fishing grounds.

    • Temporal pattern of fish catches of coastal wetland in Jingjiang reach of Yangtze River and forecasting monthly fish catches using ARIMA models

      2008, 32(6):899-905. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (3652) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2140) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River, which is an important area for fishery resource conservation, is located at the connected region of lower reaches and estuary of Yangtze River. From 2002 and 2006, there were 3514.84 kg fish collected by stow net at Jingjiang coastal area. Average monthly fish catches added up to 58.59 kg in these 5 years, the maximum was 108.61 kg in June while the minimum was 31.57 kg in December which presented a typical non-stationary time-series. One stable random series could be obtained as monthly fish catches converted by natural logarithm and a seasonal difference. Model structure was determined according to criteria of residual un-correlation and model goodness was determined on the basis of Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Schwarz Bayesian Information Criteria (SBC). SPSS V13.0 software was used to construct the ARIMA model based on the monthly fish catches from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2006 with consideration of residual un-correlation and concision.Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian criterion (SBC) were used to confirm the fitness of mode1. These results showed that ARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)l2 model was confirmed and the predicting error for the equation of (1-0.327B)(1-B12)Lnyt=(1-0.825B12)et was white noise (P>0.05). The fitting precision of ARIMA model was 71.49%-83.28% during 2003-2006, which could ideally fit the past monthly fish catches. Relative precision of the forecasting for gradual month in 2007 was 58.64%-99.44% as well as the forecasting for 2007 is 81.60%. It indicated that ARIMA Model can be well used to forecast the fish catches of coastal wetland at the estuary of the Yangtze River.

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