Abstract:A number of Large Yellow Croakers (Pseudosciaena crocea) of the Chu Shandistrict were cured under local processing conditions in summer, 1964. Two dif-ferent concentrations of NaCl were employed for comparison of final results.One was 29% of NaCl alone and the other, 24% NaCl plus 0.1% benzoic acidand 0. 1% acetic acid as preservatives. The curing process was technically divided into three periods: (1) saltingperiod of about 8 days, at the end of which NaCl concentration both in thebrine and in the fish bodly nearly reached an equilibrium. (2) keeping periodof almost two months, during which time the cured fish were kept in the ori-ginal brine pending further treatment. and (3) de-salting period, lasting only20-30 minutes, when the NaCl content of the cured fish was lowered throughdialysis. At the different intervals of each period the fish samples as well as thebrine were drawn for chemical analysis of their nitrogeneons components, namelytotal N, protein N, non-protein N, amino N and volatile base N. Analytical results showed that nutrients lost both in periods 1 and 3 of theprocesses were mainly soluble nitrogeneous material. However, in period 2 thedegradation of the fish protein was mainly due to the active enzymes or micro-organisms that may be present in the brine. Addition of preservatives (benzoic and acetic acids) apparently inhibited orreduced putrefaction. Hence, it helped to preserve both the nutritive and flavor-ing qualities of the cured fish. Three suggestions are made for the improvement in the technology of fishcuring in Chu Shan Area: (1) The salting period should be ended as soon as the NaCl and mixture content of the fish body reaches an equalibrium, in order toavoid degradatory changes of the nitrogeneous substances of the fish. (2) Addsome preservative to inhibit hydrolytic actions of micro-organisms, in case thesalting period must be prolonged. (3) The reduction of the amount of NaCl inthe curing process should be given serious consideration, becanse high concen-tration of NaCl eventually leads to the loss of soluble nitrogeneous materialfrom the fish and thus lowers the nutritional and eating qualities of the finalproduct. Addition of preservatives can safely reduce the use of NaCl in thesalting process.

Abstract:This paper deals with the races of the hairtails Trichiurus haumela (Fors-kal) inhabiting coastal waters of china. The work was carried out during theperiod 1963-1965 by means of an anatomical as well as biometrical studies asfollows: (1) morphometrical measurement. (2) number of dorsal fin rays. (3)pectoral fin rays. (4) pyloric caeca. (5) the vertebrae. (6) fused pre-caudalhaemal spines. (7) post-cranial vertibrae with multiple neural spines. (8) de-gree of completeness of second anal pterygiophore. (9) the borny tubercle. (10)the parasites in abdominal cavity, and (11) the shape of the swim-bladder.Altogether 2232 samples in 24 lots were collected for ananalyses from theYellow Sea and Pohai, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and the Gulfof Tongking. In addition, two lots of mixed samples and three lots of larvae ofthe same-year class have also been analized. The results obtained during the studies demonstrated that the hairtails maybe grouped into five local races, viz., (1) the Yellow Sea-Pohai race. (2) therace of the East China Sea-Eastern coast of Kwantung. (3) race of Westerncoast of Kwantung. (4) the race of coastal waters of the Gulf of Tongking. (5)the race offshore waters of the Gulf of Tongking. It is noticed that the first two races differ considerably from the otherthe three (Table 7).

Abstract:1. Scylla Serrata (Forsk?l) has been successfully reared from the first zoealstage to the tenth crab stage in the laboratory, and all the larval stages aredescribed in detail. 2. Eggs hatched as first zoeae; and the "pre-zoea" stage was not observed. 3. Five zoeal stages and one megalop stage were observed in the completedevelopment to the first crab. 4. The number of hairs or spines on the maxillule, maxilla and maxillipedsincreased with each larval stage and may serve to distinguish between the zoeaeof different stages. 5. Development from the first zoeae to the first crabs required 23-24 daysat temperatures 25. 7-29.2℃. 6. Development from the first young crab stage to the tenth young crabstage required 123 days at temperatures 18.0-31.5℃. 7. In the first three young crab stages, moulting took place every 4 days;in the five subsequent stages, the time between two successive moultings length-ened from 5 to 12 days; and in both the ninth and the tenth stages, the timewas as long as 30 odd days. 8. The growth intensity of the crab diminished with age.

Abstract:Tens of thousands of hybrids of A. nobilis and H. molitrix wereobtained by artificial fertilization in the autumn of 1958, and most of themdeveloped normally. A series of studies of external morphology, skeletal system,alimentary tract, air-bladder, etc. of the hybrids (30-70 cm. in length) havebeen made in comparison with the specimens of their parental strains of thesimilar length and age. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The hybrids are silver gray in color provided with dark flecks overboth sides of the trunk. The ratio of the length of the head to the lehgth ofbody is about 1:4. The length of snout, the width of mouth, the distance be-tween two eyes, the size of the black and yellow chromatophores, etc. are allof the intermediate types of the parents. The tip of the pectoral fin overlapsthe basal portion of the abdominal fin and the anterior end of the abdominalkeel lies between the pectoral and the abdominal fins (Figs. 1-6). 2. As in the case of A. nobilis and H. molitrix, the secondary sexual cha-racter of the hybrid (the serrature on the pectoral fins of the male fish) makesits appearance before the maturation of the gonads and will then last thro-ughout the life. However, the serrature in the hybrids is found finer in size andcloser in arrangement than that in H. molitrix (Text fig. 1). 3. The scales are all of the cycloid type. The number of radial canals ofthe scale is always less than that of A. nobilis and more than that of H. moli-trix (Figs. 7-9). There are 96-106 scales along the lateral line. 4. The skeleton of the hybrid is smaller and compacter than A. nobilis,but larger and looser than H. molitrix (Figs. 10-15, 16-24). Some importantdifferences among the skeletal system of the hybrids and their parents arelisted in the table. 5. The size of the plait of the mucous membrane (Figs. 25-27) and thelength of the gill-raker plate (Figs. 28-30) of the hybrids are all of the inter-mediate types. The number of rakers on a plate and the number of theprocesses found on a single raker of the hybrid are approximately equal to thoseof A. nobilis, but attain about half of those of H. molitrix. The number of gill-filaments in an arch is observed to be similar to that found in H. molitrix (butgreater than that in A. nobilis). The rakers of H. molitrix form a thick sifting apparatus and always connect with each other to make a net-like structure; onthe contray, those of A. nobilis are not provided with sifting apparatus andalways separated from one another. Nevertheless, in the hybrid, the terminalportion of most of the rakers is separated and the basal 4/5 of them is providedwith processes to form an incomplete sifting device (Figs. 28a, 29a, 30a). 6. The hybrids live on planktons, especially minute animals. The averagelength of thier alimentary tract is 5 times thier body length. It is quite similarto that of A. nobilis, but shorter than that of H. molitrix. 7. The air-bladder is subdivided into two chambers. The anterior chamberis shorter and wider than that of H. molitrix, but slenderer than that of A. no-bilis. The posterior chamber, which is always small, is sometimes of the pater-nal form, sometimes of the maternal form and still sometimes of various tran-sitional forms (Text fig. 2). It is evident that the hybrids thus obtained are true hybrids of the inter-mediate form. The anatomical structure of the gill-rakers, the pharyngealbone, the pharyngeal teeth and tho alimentary tract of the hybrids not onlyreflect the intimate correlation between function and organization, but alsoshow the closc relationship in inheritance.

Abstract:The living specimens used for this study were towed horizontally by theHensen egg-net at Yangpow Bay, Hainan Island, from April 25th to May 25th,1963. The surface water temperature in the area where specimens were collec-ted varied from 28-30℃,and the salinity of the surface water from 30.70-31. 62‰. Altogether eight species of eggs and pre-larvae have been identified anddescribed briefly here. They are: 1) Etrumeus micropus, 2) Kowala coval, 3)Clupanodon punctatus, 4) Anodontostoma chacunda (Clupeidae), 5) Sillagosihama (Sillagimidae), 6) Lethrimus nematacanthus (Lethrimidae), 7)Paraprisipoma trilineatum (pomadasyidae) and Callionymus sp. (Callionymidae).Except Paraprisipoma trimineatum, the occurrence of the eggs and larvae ofthe other seven species are recorded for the first time in South China Sea alongthe coast of China. All the eggs of these eight species of fishes are bouyant and spherical.Except Callionymus sp.which bearing hexagonal reticulations on the egg membr-ane, the egg membranes of other seven species are smooth and thin, The-yolk granules of the eggs of paraprisipoma trilineatum and Callionymus sp. arehomogeneous,while those of the other 6 species are all with prominent segmen-tations.

Abstract:1. The vitamin ₍₁₂₎ content of the Mollusk (Arca subcrenata) and its extr-action methods have been studied. The results obtained indicate that the vitamin B₍₁₂₎ content of the fresh meat of Arca subcrenata is 65～85r/100g., of its brothobtained during processing, 0.20～0.30r/ml. and of the extractive of its meat0. 25～0. 40r/ml. 2. The vitamin B₍₁₂₎ extracted from Arca subcrenata consists of needle-shapercrystals of dark red color. Its three absorption peaks are found at 278.3m^μ,361.0 m^μ, and 550.0 m^μ. The ratios of absorbency are: A361/A278=1.72, A361/A550=3.25 It was confirmed that the characteristics of vitamin B₍₁₂₎ crystals extractedfrom Arca subcrenata well agree with the descriptions in Chinese PharmaceuticalCode (1963).

Abstract:梭鱼(Mugit so-iuy)是广盐性鱼类,为华北沿海主要港养对象之一。但是它的生长较慢,单位产量低,因此,如何设法提高梭鱼生长率是目前生产实践中的关键问题之一。影响梭鱼生长的因素很多,选择适宜而又能大量供应的饲料是最基本措施之一。为此,1958年我们在青岛进行了梭鱼对浒苔(Enteromor-pha)、水(Daphnia)、豆饼、麸皮等粗蛋白利用率的初步观察,以便提供梭鱼养殖实践中选择饵料的依据,并为今后研究梭鱼营养消化与生长等问题累积一些资料。

Abstract:一、前言 麒麟菜是一种多年生的红藻,属于热带性种类,在我国多分布于海南岛、西沙群岛和台湾一带的暖海区域。藻体生长在珊瑚礁上面,由低潮线至水深7～8米的浅海都有分布。在自然海区,以低潮线下0.5～2米处生长最旺盛。解放前,这种海藻处于自生自灭的状况,群众在每年暖季下海潜水采捞,晒干后运销国内各地。藻体含胶质多,目前多用于纺织工业上的浆纱糊料,建筑工业的涂料和食用方面的清凉食品、糖果点心等方面。最近广东试用于铸造方面的粘结剂,效果也很好。因国内有20多个省市都要求进货,故几年来一直存在着供不应求的现象。为了提高产量,我场在前几年曾试验成功一种适合麒麟菜的养殖方法——珊瑚礁插植法。这种方法,首先途择优良的珊瑚礁为生长基,最好是鹿角珊瑚类。