To investigate the effects of muscular nutritional components and fish quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in ecological model of cultivating grass carp with grass, the ecological grass mainly fed with grass and feed grass carp fed with artificially formulated feed, respectively 16 individuals, were randomly selected to measure some indicators. These indicators included water holding capacity and texture profiles parameters in muscle, contents of nutritional components, mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids in muscle. The results showed no significant difference in hepatosomatic index and shell rate between ecological grass carp and feed grass carp. Compared with these feed grass carp, significantly lower value in drop loss, no significantly lower value in flesh leaching loss, no significantly higher value in liquid loss and no significant difference in pH value were observed in muscle of ecological grass carp. Hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and resilience in muscle had no significant difference between ecological grass carp and feed grass carp. The content of crude fat in muscle of ecological grass carp was significantly lower than that of feed grass carp, while the contents of moisture, ash and crude protein in muscle had no significant difference. The contents of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) in muscle of ecological grass carp were significantly higher than those of feed grass carp, and the contents of magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) in muscle of ecological grass carp were very significantly higher than that of feed grass carp. The compositions of amino acids of ecological grass carp and feed grass carp were basically the same, containing 17 amino acids, wherein the essential amino acids in muscle is 6.85% and 6.27%, respectively. The essential amino index (EAAI) of feed grass carp (77.29) was higher than that of ecological grass carp (76.07). The ecological grass carp and feed grass carp both contained 19 fatty acids where in the contents of palmitic acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and stearic acid were high, as the main fatty acid. The contents of eicosapentanoic (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had significance difference (were 8.95% and 10.70%, respectively). These results indicated that there was no significant difference in muscular texture profiles. The ecological grass carp had characteristics of higher water-holding ability, lower content of fat and higher content of mineral elements than those in muscle of feed grass carp.