Aquaculture plays a vital role in global food security and continues to provide a source of high-quality protein for humanity. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that can be used in aquaculture. They can not only improve the growth performance and immune capacity of aquatic animals, but also inhibit pathogenic bacteria and improve aquaculture water quality. The application of probiotics in aquaculture helps promote the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture. Therefore, this article firstly introduces the definition and sources of probiotics in aquaculture, expounds the significance and practical application of probiotics in sustainable aquaculture, and discusses the future research direction in this area, in order to provide reliable technical support for the popularization and application of probiotics in sustainable aquaculture..