摘要:The histological development and ultrastructure of larval turbot skin were studied by both light and transmission electron microscopes.The early larvae showed a complete bisymmetry of skin.The skin of 1-25days old larvae developed slowly and was composed of the thin epidermis of 1-2layers epidermal cells and undeveloped dermis before the metamorphosis.But the skin developed significantly when the.metamorphosis began.Till the completion of metamorphosis(about 60days old),the skin contained 3-4layers epidermal cells and very developed collagenous strata.Wisth the process of metamorphosis,the ocular side skin and blind side skin became different in ultrastructure.Ultrastructural observation showed the epidermis of turbot contained three types of epidermal cells;filament-containing cells,mucus cells and chloride cells.The ocular side epidermis with looser structure consisted one type of filament-containing cells,but the blind side epidermis was structured densely and two types of filament-containing cells were observed in it.Melanophores,iridophores,fibroblasts and other cell types and tisssues were found in the spongiosum of dermis.The distribution of melanophores depended on the larval developing stage and the pigmentation of skin.The differentiation of skin seems to be an adaptation for the change of life style of turbot larvae from pelagic living to benthonic living after the metamorphosis.

摘要:用不同剂量的紫外线辐射雨生红球藻,测定了生长K值、色素含量、SOD、POD、CAT酶活性的变化,同时用TEM观察了细胞超微结构的变化.结果表明,紫外辐射对雨生红球藻有致死效应,致死率随着剂量升高而加大,辐射8min后藻细胞全部致死.辐射时间小于4min的存活抗性藻株生长率明显高于对照组;紫外辐射后细胞叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量增加,增幅随着辐射时间的延长而加大.紫外辐射4～5min能使红球藻细胞虾青素含量显著提高;紫外辐射1～4mmn,细胞中SOD活性随着剂量增大极显著升高,但CAT酶活性降低(不显著),紫外辐射5min时SOD、CAT都失活,叶绿体、线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器都受到严重损伤.POD酶活性在紫外辐射3～5min大幅度提高.

摘要:应用鱼类主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因来探讨鱼类种群间遗传结构,寻找分子遗传标记.根据已报道的鲤鱼MHC Ⅰ类基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物,从兴国红鲤、荷包红鲤、玻璃红鲤及瓯江彩鲤基因组DNA中扩增了编码MHC Ⅰ类分子α2链的基因片段,并进行克隆、测序.结果表明,(1)编码MHC Ⅰ类分子α2链的基因多态性较为丰富,234bp长度中有106个变异位点,多态位点百分率达45.3%;荷包红鲤的基因序列与其它3群体红鲤有显著差异;(2)由编码MHCⅠ类分子α2链的基因和氨基酸序列构建的系统进化树一致,兴国红鲤与瓯江彩鲤关系较近,属于同一进化支,玻璃红鲤和荷包红鲤分别属于另外两个不同的进化支,荷包红鲤是较为特化的群体;(3)多态性丰富的编码MHCⅠ类分子α2链的基因,适宜作为鲤鱼不同群体的分子遗传标记.

摘要:对人工养殖的、不同体长的杂色鲍与九孔鲍消化酶活力大小进行了研究.酶学分析表明,无论是杂色鲍还是九孔鲍,其纤维素酶随着鲍的体长的增大活性逐渐增强;淀粉酶随着其体长的增大活性逐渐减弱;脂肪酶活性均很小;九孔鲍的纤维素酶活力和淀粉酶活力均大于相同体长的杂色鲍.

摘要:应用PCR技术,从1株鳗源嗜水气单胞菌ML316中扩增得到β-溶血素基因AHL316HEM,将AHL316HEM克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector,经分析验证后重组到pcDNA3.0中,构建了重组质粒PDLH.转化重组质粒PDLH的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α能在血琼脂培养皿中形成明显的β-溶血斑,重组菌纯化的胞外产物溶血价为1.28×104HU@mg-1,同时重组菌的胞外产物能被原始菌株的高免血清特异性地识别.结果证实,克隆到鳗源嗜水气单胞菌β-溶血素基因,重组质粒PDLH能够表达具有天然生物学活性的β-溶血素,为构建嗜水气单胞菌核酸疫苗奠定了基础.

摘要:根据鲍育苗中常用的6种底栖硅藻氨基酸的组成分析结果,选择15种人工合成氨基酸作为诱导物质,进行鲍浮游幼虫附着、变态的影响实验,发现天冬氨酸组附着率最高,谷氨酸组次之,但均略低于底栖硅藻组,明显高于对照组.变态率实验,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸组结果基本一致,均略高于底栖硅藻组,明显高于对照组.不同氨基酸浓度对附着、变态的影响实验结果表明:无论是天冬氨酸还是谷氨酸,实验浓度为10-5mol@L-1组的附着率和变态率最高.

摘要:描述了厦门湾沉积物中的13种甲藻孢囊的形态与丰度、分布特征.初步研究结果表明,厦门湾沉积物中甲藻孢囊的平均丰度为3360粒@kg-1湿重;其中有2种有毒甲藻:塔玛亚历山大藻和小型亚历山大藻,有2种有害甲藻:具刺膝沟藻和锥状斯氏藻的孢囊,且数量较为丰富.这4种有害有毒甲藻孢囊在环境条件适合时将可能引发赤潮,对厦门湾水产养殖和人体健康产生危害.

摘要:鲐、蓝圆鲹是东海北部主要中上层鱼类,其渔场的形成、时空变化受海洋环境因子变化的制约.研究其中心渔场的形成机制,探究两者之间的关系对于掌握鲐鲹鱼洄游、分布规律、合理利用及资源保护具有重要意义.根据1987-1990年在29～32°N、124.5°E以西海域的海洋环境调查资料和鲐鲹渔场资料,在GIS平台上,运用稳健统计方法分析海洋环境若干因子和中心渔场的相互关系及其时空变化,确定形成渔场的制约因素,并研究中心渔场的形成机制,构建基于模糊聚类的数学模型,通过数值试验确定以75%的隶属度作为判断依据,将得出的结果用1987-1990年及1997年的资料进行验证,发现用于指导生产能取得良好效果.研究表明,中心渔场的特征参数为,底层温度介于19.0～21.0℃,中心为20.0℃,盐度为33.0～34.5,中心为33.75,饵料生物量介于137～409mg@m-3之间.而且中心渔场的位置和水文要素的时空变化之间存在一定的相关性,尤其是底温和底盐,其相关系数平方最大分别可达0.9935和0.9988.构建数学模型用于东海北部鲐鲹中心渔场形成机制的研究,实现对中心渔场时空预报,在一定程度上弥补了定性分析方法的不足.

摘要:利用臭氧与生物滤器循环水处理系统进行室内南美白对虾幼虾养殖.试验期间,按48～72 h间隔以臭氧处理养虾循环水2 h、曝气2～4 h.水处理期间,暂停处理池、养虾池间水循环,过滤系统持续运转.53d中,水处理系统有效控制养殖水质化学指标与微生物指标均在合适范围内,各指标平均值为:NH3-Nt 0.41mg@L-1,NO-2-N 0.057 mg@L-1,COD 10.12 mg@L-1,氧化还原电位379 mV,浑浊度0.6 NTU,细菌总数10 200 cell@mL-1,弧菌数6 cell@mL-1;同时获得较高的幼虾成活率(78.3%～80.2%).根据试验结果与河口水特点,提出了河口区室内养虾循环水处理模式.

摘要:首次报道了鲈脾肿大症的发病情况.病鱼以脾脏肿大为主要症状,死亡率高达50%以上.对病鱼进行显微镜检查和细菌分离培养,未见寄生虫和病原菌.经电镜检查,在脾、肝等组织中发现大量病毒颗粒.该病毒颗粒为六边形,没有囊膜,衣壳直径180～220nm,认为该病毒属虹彩病毒(Iridoviridae).细胞病理变化表现为感染细胞肿胀,细胞超微结构破坏,细胞质出现大面积空泡.血细胞中出现大量异形淋巴细胞,占淋巴细胞总数的50%以上.

摘要:研究了牡蛎肉的营养成分和其蛋白质的酶法水解.结果表明,牡蛎肉中蛋白质和糖原含量分别为50.63%和22.41%,其氨基酸组成完善,8种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的40%;537酸性蛋白酶比较适合于牡蛎蛋白质的水解,其优化的作用条件为:加酶量为1700U@g-1蛋白质、pH4、50℃、2h,在此条件下,水解液中的蛋白质和糖原提取率分别为78.23%和50.58%,水解液中的游离氨基酸和牛磺酸分别占总氨基酸的39.27%和12.47%.

摘要:As lower vertebrates, f ishes have complex modes of sex determination. From the cytogenet ic perspective, only a small proportion of f ish species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes. At the present stage sex determination can only be explained via .. genetics.. rather than .. genes.. in most species. Nevertheless, genes associated with sex determination and male development were identified in a model fish medaka, Oryzias latipes. Sequences or genetic markers specif ic to certain sex chromosomes were reported in some f ishes. These f indings lay the groundwork for further studies on the function and regulat ion of sex genes aiming at elucidation of the mechanism of sex determination, and provide potential tool for sexing f ish. In this mini..review , progress in the past few decades in both cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies on sex determination of f ish were summarized. Prospects, signif icance and possible future directions of the studies on fish sex determination were also discussed.

摘要:Larval digestive organs of Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenscki and hybrid sturgeon(Huso Huso .. .. A. schrenscki .. ) hatched out at 17~ 21 .. were successively observed under Olympus microscope after being sectioned. Histological development of yolk- sac, pharyngeal cavity, esophago, stomach, intestine, pyloric caecum, liver and pancreas is described. It shows that the development of the digest ive organs of the two f ishes is similar to several other Acipenseridae f ishes. Characters of the digest ive organs about the two fishes and the relationships among earlier development period, ingestion, digestion and absorption are discussed.

摘要:The histology , evolution of the structure , composition and morphology of oogonia and primary oocytes in different phases during the ovary development of snakehead , Channa scopoli , were studied .The traditional method of wax section was employed to perform the hematoxylineosin staining .The ovary of snakehead is overlaid by the 2-layer membrane featured with abundant veins .The primordial germ cell of ovary extends into the ovary together with the inner connective tissue membrane to develop into many ovarial lamellae that arrange radiately around the ovarium cavity .With regard to the developing snakehead , the pattern and structure of its oogonia and early primary oocyte are of fundamental homology with most of the osteichthyes , while the nutrimental composition , accumulation , distribution and the composition of ova membrane for the primary oocyte in phase Ⅲ and Ⅳ are of preferable difference with them.The nutriment of its oocyte is primarily composed of glucoprotein which is included in the vesicle .But the amount of yolk which is primarily composed of protein is comparatively small , even the same for the oocyte developing into the phase Ⅳ which is featured with the deviation of nucleus .So the amount of nucleoli in the primary oocyte of the snakehead is significantly limited than most of the osteichthyes .The primary oocyte in phase Ⅲ and Ⅳ of the snakehead only have 1 layer of ova plasmalemma which is covered by another 2 layers follicular membrane developed from the follicle cell , but there is not any radiated belt of jelly membrane between the membrane and the follicular membrane which is developed from the primary ova membrane and the secondary one in most of the osteichthyes cases .

摘要:The mature parent fish of Trichiurus lepturus was caught with bottom trawl on board R/ V .. Beidou.. in the Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea. The running eggs were artificially fertilized. The fertilized eggs began to divide in 1h30min, to be 16-cell stage in 2h55min, late cleavage stage in 4h25min, blastula stage in 10h30min, closure of the blastopore in 25h45min, hatching in 78h45min after insemination, and the process of embryonic development was about 79h at 20. 6- 22. 6 .. .