Seed industry is the foundation of agricultural development, and a flourishing seed industry is the core element to ensure national food security, as well as an important measure to ensure national security. The development of seed industry involves many factors such as policies, technology and market. The development of aquatic genetic breeding technology in China is progressing with each passing day, but there is still a gap when compared to requirements put forward in the action plan for the revitalization of the seed industry. This paper expounds the current situation of aquatic genetic breeding technology in China from the perspectives of the research, development and application of breeding technologies, and analyzes the shortcomings of of aquatic breeding technology in China in terms of genetic resources protection and utilization, breeding technology innovation, breeding production system construction and monitoring and management of juveniles. Overall, the supply of juveniles is sufficient and the risks are manageable, but there are three main problems: the domestic genetic resources are rich but the genetic improvement rate is not high, the scientific research and breeding achievements are many but the transformation efficiency is not high, and the seed industry enterprises are many but the core competitiveness is not strong. In view of the short board, this paper puts forward some suggestions, such as strengthening the research of genetic resources mining and conservation and innovative utilization technology, strengthening the research and application of modern breeding technology, especially the creation and application of new genetic resources, strengthening the application of production system technology standardization, strengthening the research of breeding technology commercialization application, and strengthening the technical support for seed industry market supervision, so as to provide reference for the research direction of aquatic breeding technology innovation and the formulation of seed industry development policies in China.