四种糖作为碳源对凡纳滨对虾生长、肠道消化酶及肠道菌群的影响
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河北农业大学海洋学院

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S963.16

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海洋多肽及海洋生物酶在对虾健康养殖产业化示范项目(1419005)


Effects of four sugars as carbon sources on intestinal digestive enzymes and intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei
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Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University

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    摘要:

    [目的]本试验旨在研究四种常见的糖源对凡纳滨对虾生长、肠道消化酶及肠道菌群的影响。[方法]选取初始体重为(0.36±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,从多种糖类中选择常见的四种糖(葡萄糖、果糖、淀粉、蔗糖)作为糖源配制饲料,试验共计4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复40尾虾,养殖周期为56d,每种糖源的添加量为20%。[结果]:(1)凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率和蛋白质效率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),淀粉组显著高于其他三组(P<0.05),但各组间的肝体比和含肉率无显著差异(P>0.05)。全虾体营养成分,蔗糖组的粗脂肪显著低于其他三组(P<0.05),葡萄糖组的灰分显著高于其他三组(P<0.05),粗蛋白与水分各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)各组间对虾肠道消化酶活性具有显著性差异(P<0.05),脂肪酶活性的淀粉组与蔗糖组显著高于葡萄糖组及果糖组(P<0.05),淀粉组与蔗糖组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),而胃蛋白酶活性的淀粉组显著高于其他三组(P<0.05)。(3)各组间的凡纳滨对虾肠道OTU、Ace及chao指数无显著差异(P>0.05),shannon指数淀粉组及蔗糖组显著高于葡萄糖组,simpson指数的淀粉组显著低于蔗糖组,而蔗糖组又显著低于葡萄糖组(P<0.05)。门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度蔗糖组较葡萄糖组明显增多,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)与放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度淀粉组较葡萄糖组明显增多,但疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)相对丰度各组间无明显差异;在纲水平上,各处理组间的对虾肠道菌群的差异性较显著,淀粉组对虾肠道中黄杆菌、γ变形菌、放线菌及噬纤维菌是明显高于蔗糖组与葡萄糖组。[结论]综上所述,凡纳滨对虾对淀粉和蔗糖的吸收利用优于葡萄糖和果糖,同时,淀粉和蔗糖对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性存在一定的影响,淀粉和蔗糖为凡纳滨对虾饲料中的适宜糖源。

    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four common sugar sources on the growth, digestive enzymes and intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei.Chosen the weight of Litopenaeus vannamei was (0.36±0.02)g.Four kinds of common sugars(glucose, fructose, starch and sucrose)were selected from a variety of sugars as the sugar source to prepare the feed. Four treatments were carried out in total, three replicates for each treatment, 40 prawns for each repetition. The breeding period was 56 days, and the added amount of each sugar source was 20%.The test results show that:(1)The specific growth rate and protein efficiency of Litopenaeus vannamei were significantly different (P<0.05), the starch group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the liver body ratio and the meat content rate between the groups (P>0.05).The whole body nutrition of shrimp,the CF of sucrose group was significantly lower than the other three groups (P<0.05), the ash of glucose group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between CP and Moisture (P>0.05).(2)There were significant differences in digestive enzyme activities among different groups of prawn(P<0.05),the activity of lipase in starch group and sucrose group was significantly higher than that in glucose group and fructose group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between starch group and sucrose group (P>0.05), while the activity of pepsin in in starch group was significantly higher than that in other three groups (P<0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in OTU, ACE and Chao index among the groups (P>0.05), Shannon index starch group and sucrose group were significantly higher than glucose group, Simpson index starch group was significantly lower than sucrose group, and sucrose group was significantly lower than glucose group (P<0.05).On the level of phylum, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in sucrose group was significantly higher than that in glucose group, while that in Bacteroides and actinomycetes in starch group was significantly higher than that in glucose group, but there was no significant difference between the groups.At the class level, there was significant difference in the intestinal microflora of prawn between the treatment groups. The Yellow bacilli,γ-Proteus, actinomycetes and fibrinophages in the intestinal tract of prawn in starch group were significantly higher than those in sucrose group and glucose group.In summary,the absorption and utilization of starch and sucrose by Litopenaeus vannamei is better than that of glucose and fructose. Meanwhile, starch and sucrose have certain influence on the diversity of intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei. Starch and sucrose are the suitable sugar sources in Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

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荆冰妍,杨超,郭冉,朱昱铮,李雪鹤,张宇,粱倍宁,高佳朋,王晓明.四种糖作为碳源对凡纳滨对虾生长、肠道消化酶及肠道菌群的影响[J].水产学报,2021,45(06):920~928

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-14
  • 最后修改日期:2020-11-26
  • 录用日期:2020-11-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-08-04
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