红鳍东方鲀易逝期锁鲜处置对冰藏品质的延迟效应
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大连海洋大学

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中图分类号:

TS254.4

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0901001)


Effects of freshness-locked performance during the quality determination period on the iced Takifugu rubripes freshness quality
Author:
Affiliation:

Dalian Ocean University

Fund Project:

National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0901001)

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    摘要:

    为探索养殖鱼类冷鲜品的源头“锁鲜”机制及可行性,以养殖红鳍东方鲀为研究对象,离水后分两个阶段进行品质解读,屠宰及死后处置环节为品质易逝期(QDP),冷藏流通过程为后品质易逝期(P-QDP),探讨易逝期冷却处置对后易逝期的延迟效应。健康活体离水后立即进行人道致死排血,随即置于-1℃冰海水中冷却20min,再经沥水、分割及漂洗等加工处理,产品与碎冰一并装箱进入冰藏;对照组除了不做冷却处置其它处理条件相同。以僵直指数、pH、乳酸、ATP关联化合物及K值等为指标,对鱼体死后生化代谢变化进行跟踪分析;同时,跟踪肌肉显微结构变化对肌肉品质进行对照分析。结果表明,①易逝期冷却处置可使鱼体温度在20min内由10.9℃迅速降至2.7℃; 由于河鲀鱼加工特殊的强漂洗处置,导致约1h加工后鱼体温度明显回升至8.5℃;进入冰藏后12h左右,两组鱼体温度均下降至0.5℃左右。②从肌肉显微结构可以明显观察到易逝期冷却处置对后易逝期品质的延迟效应。无论处理组还是对照组,随着冰藏期延长,均可观察到肌肉细胞逐渐瓦解趋势。值得关注的是,处理组与对照组形成鲜明对比,0d时,与处理组相比,对照组的细胞结构已显现崩解迹象;冰藏期间,肌原纤维间隙增大,肌质网结构肿胀,肌小节存在不平行排列等现象均比处理组明显;特别是在4d,对照组的肌小节碎片化严重,且Z线和I带中断,细胞结构模糊,整体破坏程度比处理组严重得多。③各项分析结果表明传统的生化指标分析未能敏锐检测到两组差异。两组生化代谢速率趋同:僵直进程较为相似,僵直状态均能持续4-5天,乳酸、pH,核苷酸代谢速率几乎同步,K值相差较小,贮藏至8d均为15%左右。研究结论为,离水后鱼品品质存在一个品质易逝期,且对后易逝期的鲜品品质有延迟效应。易逝期对鱼体冷却处置,延缓肌肉细胞结构瓦解,对鱼品品质具有明显的“锁鲜”效果,这对提升我国水产品品质,从根本上改善国产水产品品质形象具有重要的实践参考价值。

    Abstract:

    To explore mechanism and feasibility of “lock in freshness” of farmed fish chilled products, Takifugu rubripes farmed was taken as raw material. The experiment is performed in two post mortem stages, including a quality determination period(QDP)corresponding to on-site handling and post quality determination period (P-QDP)corresponding to the ice storage. The delayed effect of the QDP chilling treatment on the P-QDP was investigated. On-site handling were carried out using humane slaughter followed by instant bleeding in -1℃ sea water with 20 minutes, gutted and rinsed fish were individually wrapped and storaged with flake ice surrendered. Meanwhile, the Control group as chilling-free was compared to the Treatment group with chilling at the QDP. The chilled Takifugu rubripes postmortem biochemical metabolism was measured by rigor index, pH, lactic acid content, ATP and ATP-related compounds and K-Value. Meanwhile, the quality was performed and analyzed by muscle ultrastructural changes in two treatments. Result showed that Treatment temperature after chilling in quality determination period dropped rapidly from 10.9℃ to 2.7℃ in 20 minutes, which has a significantly effective of chilling. Treatment temperature was increased dramatically from 2.7℃ to 8.5℃ in 1 hour because of the special strengthening washing body process of Takifugu rubripes after processed. And the fish temperature was reduced to 0.5℃ after 12h iced storage. The delayed effect of the QDP chilling treatment on the P-QDP can be clearly observed by the muscle ultrastructural. Regardless of the Treatment or the Control, in subsequent chilling storage, muscle tissue degraded gradually. Notable, distinct difference can be observed between the Treatment and the Control. The phenomenon of cell structure degraded of the Control was occurred compared with the Treatment in day 0. And intermyofibrillar spaces increased were occurred. Sarcomeres were non-parallel and swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum was obviously. Especially in day 4, sarcomeres were altered significant, mainly at the Z-line and I-band level disruptions. Structure was obscured and destroyed more significantly than the Treatment. But the results showed that traditional biochemical indictors could not be detected sensitive difference of the two treatments. The Treatment biochemical metabolism rate was keep pace with the Control: the rigor mortis progression was similar and rigor state was maintained 4-5 days. Lactate acid, pH, nucleotide metabolism rate and K-value had no significant difference, and K-value was 15% in 8th chilling storage. In conclusion, there was a quality determination period after fish captured, which had the delayed effect of chilled fish quality on the post quality determination period. The degradation of muscle cell could be prolonged by QDP-chilling, which had significant effect of “lock in freshness” on quality of chilled fish. In this way, the image of seafood quality of domestic fisheries could be improved fundamentally, providing significant practical value in China.

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冷寒冰,刘俊荣,衣鸿莉,王选飞,田元勇,徐昙烨.红鳍东方鲀易逝期锁鲜处置对冰藏品质的延迟效应[J].水产学报,2021,45(06):958~970

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-26
  • 最后修改日期:2020-09-20
  • 录用日期:2020-11-01
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-08-04
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