Abstract:Eutrophication is the most important environmental problem in the coastal marine pollution. Macroalgal blooms tend to have the potential for rapid absorption of nutrients and rapid proliferation. In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of Ulva prolifera to nitrogen(N) and phosphorus (P) in the eutrophic seawater, the growth rate，photosynthesis and the pigments of U. prolifera were determined under different nutrients conditions and different culture densities . The experiment was divided into four treatment: the control group, N group P group, and N P group ( N, P represents adding NaNO3、Na2HPO4, respectively.). The algae were pre-cultured in four nutrition conditions for 3 d. The temperature was set as 20°C, light intensity was approximately 6000 lx, and photoperiod L: D was 12 h: 12 h with continuous aeration. Our results showed that either N or P supplies could increase the growth rate of U. prolifera, but much more significant enhancement was found in the N enrichment than P enrichment. When the original biomass was set as 0.1 g / L, the relative growth rates of the control group, P group, N group and N P group were 0.68, 0.69, 0.72 and 0.75, respectively. There was a negative relation between the relative growth rate and biomass density. The biomass doubling time significantly shortened when N and P were added. When the original biomass was 0.2 g / L, the biomass doubling time of control group, P group, N group and N P group was 1.60,1.53,1.16, and 1.03 d, respectively. The fastest biomass doubling time was found in the thalli grown at N and P enrichments together condition and 0.1 g /L initial biomass density, with the values of 0.92 d. Either N enrichment or P enrichment could increase the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, as well as the net photosynthetic rate of U. prolifera. The maximum net photosynthetic rate and pigments contents in U. prolifera were found in the culture condition with a combination of simultaneous enrichment of N and P. There was a siganificant interaction between N and P enrichment. In summary, N, P enrichments can significantly promote the growth, increase the photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic rate of U. prolifera, which may be an important mechanism of the bloom of U. prolifera.

Abstract:The zooplankton species compositions and dominant species in the Daya Bay were studied based on 124 samples collected from seasonal surveys conducted in December 2007 and March, May, and September 2008. A total number of 284 zooplankton species were recorded in the surveys. We found large seasonal changes in zooplankton compositions with an average ratio of 62.3% of species seasonal subrogation. We also found that there were apparent dominant species and the dominant species changed greatly between seasons. Noctiluca miliaris was the first dominant species in winter and spring and Dolioletta gegenbauri and Sagitta enflata dominated in the other two seasons, while the other 13 species were seasonal dominant species only found in a single season. The clear seasonal succession of zooplankton compositions and dominant species was a reflection of the increased amplitude of seasonal variations in environmental conditions in the Daya Bay. Compared with past records, the seasonal subrogation ratio of zooplankton species has been increased, the dominant species changed from Copepoda to Protista, and their dominance became higher. This indicates that the stability of zooplankton community has been reduced. The increased water temperature in the Daya Bay has changed the life cycle of the warm-water zooplanktons. The peak season of zooplankton abundances shifts from August to May or October when water temperature is lower, the warm-water zooplankton species occur in all seasons, and the amplitudes of seasonal variations in their abundances have been reduced. Because of the increased nutrient levels in the Daya Bay, the dominance of the red-tide species of Noctiluca miliaris has been greatly increased, especially in winter and spring when the water temperature is lower, and the highest abundances are found in the waters affected warm water discharges from the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant.

Abstract:Biofloc technology used in shrimp and tilapia aquaculture reflects the feed coefficient decreased water quality environment to improve and accelerate the growth of the combined effect of the technology widely farmed in China cyprinids how the application effect has not been reported. Study of different C/N level of the bioflocs formation, water quality and growth of grass carp. A locally formulated and prepared feed containing 30% crude protein with C/N ratio 10.8 was applied to all ponds. In order to raise the C/N ratio of the feed input to 15, 20 and 25, glucose was applied separately as a source of carbohydrate in addition to the artificial feed. The results show that when the C/N is over 15, the biofloc can effectively regulate water quality, reduce water of ammonia, nitrite concentration; each group the biofloc volume the index (FVI) with gradual increase in breeding time, stabilized in Rule 14d; With the C/N increased, the biofloc groups formed in the water content of crude protein was significantly higher (P <0.05) than control groups, but the growth of grass carp shows a decreasing trend. Overall, biofloc technology used in the breeding of grass carp appropriate C/N of 15, the ratio can promote the biofloc formation, and can effectively reduce ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen levels.

Abstract:Barbus capito is an endemic species in the Aral Sea of Uzbekistan. It is well-known for its salt tolerance and fast growth, and is a valuable food source in the region. The species was introduced to China in 2003 and F1 was obtained using artificial propagation in 2010. As an introduced species, B. capito has the relatively limited genetic resource due to the small founder population size. It is very important to effectively protect and utilize the existing gene resources in breeding practice. In this study, 24 microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic structure in cultured F1 population including 96 individuals. A total of 74 alleles were detected and the length of fragments ranged from 109 to 367 bp. The number of alleles per locus was from 2 to 5, the mean was 3.0833. The effective number of alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.1445 to 4.6264 with an average of 2.2656. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and the expected heterzygosity (He) varied from 0.1354 to 1.0000 (mean=0.5384) and from 0.1269 to 0.7881 (mean=0.4872), respectively. The value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was between 0.1183 and 0.7490 with an average of 0.4281, and this result indicated that the level of genetic diversity was moderate (0.25≤PIC＜0.50). The population accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium checking by ?? test except 8 markers including B1, B20, B32, B37, B45, B51, B68, and BC43. In addition, the correlation was analyzed between 24 microsatellite markers and growth traits using the GLM procedure of SPSS 19.0. As a result, there were 8 markers that had a significant (P＜0.05) impact on growth traits. Six markers including B1, B20, B45, B51, B59, and BC38 had a significant (P＜0.05) impact on body weight, length, height, and thickness. B26 had a significant (P＜0.05) impact on body weight, height, and thickness. BC3 had a significant (P＜0.05) impact on body weight and length. Superior genotypes were obtained using Duncan’s multiple comparison.

Abstract:In order to recognize the ontogeny in morphological characteristics and its application in the classification of fish larvae and juveniles in genus Diogenichthys Bolin, 1939, larvae and juveniles samples collected during the oceanographical expedition cruises were identified separately based on the literatures related to the morphological and taxonomic features of this genus. The cruises were conducted in the Kuroshio extension region of the East China Sea during April to July 1984, December 1984 to January 1985, and April to June 1985 separately. It aimed to enrich the knowledge on the early life history stage in China and to provide available information to resolve taxonomic problems of these species in the related marine ecological investigations. Based on the classification and identification works, larvae and juvenile fish of D. atlanticus (T?ning, 1928), D. panurgus Bolin, 1946 and D. laternatus (Garman, 1899) in genus Diogenichthys were identified separately. Ontogenic morphological characteristics for the three species were described in some detail. Moreover, a brief key for classification of these species was established. The observed result conveyed that as most other species in the order Myctophiforme, larvae and juveniles fish in genus Diogenichthys own the unique organ of photophores. However, sequence and numbers of photophores formation in larvae of three species of Diogenichthys were different. There were 6 photophores formed at the end of development in D. atlanticus. Br2 on the branchiostegal organ was first observed in the postlarval stage at 5.10 mm in standard length; PO2 on the pectoral organ was first observed in the juvenile stage at 7.60 mm; PO5 on the pectoral organ was first observed at the juvenile stage at 8.10 mm, and three photophores on the postero-anal organ, AOp1、AOp2 and AOp3 were first observed in the juvenile stage at 10.0 mm in standard length. In D. panurgus, there were 27 photophores formed at the end of development. Br2 on the branchiostegal organ and PO5 on the pectoral organ were first observed in the juvenile stage at 6.40 mm in standard length; and then Dn on the dorso-nasal organ, Br1 and Br3 on the branchiostegal organ, Op1 and Op2 on the opercular organs, PLO on the suprapectoral organ, PVO1 and PVO2 on the subpectoral organ, PO1-4 on the pectoral organ, SAO3 on the supra-anal organ, VO1-4 on the ventral organ, AOa1-5 on the antero-anal organ, and AOp1-3 on the postero-anal organ could be observed in the juvenile stage at 12.0 mm in standard length. In D. laternatus, there were 2 photophores formed at the end of development. Br2 on the branchiostegal organ was first observed in the postlarval stage at 5.25 mm in standard length, PO5 on the pectoral organ was first observed in the postlarval stage at 6.60 mm. When considered to the other developmental characteristics, a column of chrysanthemum-shaped melanophores distribute at the ventro-margin side above anal fin in larvae and juveniles fish of D. atlanticus, D. panurgus and D. laternatus separately. And this morphological characteristic is a commom feature in the genus Diogenichthys. D. atlanticus larvae own a barbell which projects from the anterior tip of the lower jaw; and have a cluster of melanophores, which was as large branched or starry or radiate or small chrysanthemum shaped, scattered at ventro-lateral side above the anus. However, neither D. panurgus nor D. laternatus larvae own a barbell at the anterior tip of the lower jaw, and have melanophores scattered at ventro-lateral side above the anus. There is a melanophore at the anterior tip of the lower jaw in D. panurgus larvae, but no such melanophore is found on that of D. laternatus larvae.

Abstract:The recombinant protein IPNV VP2 was used as immunogen after purification by Ni-NTA. The 8 weeks-old BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally immunized with the VP2 protein for three times, then myeloma cells SP2/0 were fused with the spleen cells of the immunized BALB/c mice. Two hybridoma cell lines against the VP2 protein were obtained by screening with the indirect ELISA and limiting dilution assay，which were identified to be IgG1 subtype and named 5G10、5F3. The numbers of chromosomes of the two hybridomas were in the range of 75 to 120.Their antibody titers of cells culture supernate were 1:105、1:102 respectively. Their titers of ascites were 1:108、1:104 respectively. Western-blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence showed that the two McAbs could react with IPNV specificity.The 2 McAbs had no reactive capability with IHNV、VHSV、SVCV and HRV by the indirect ELISA. Antibodies additivity assay demonstrated that 5G10 and 5F3 recognized the different epitopes of IPNV VP2 nucleoprotein. We detected the clinical suffering from IPN rainbow trout liver tissue material,and the results confirmed that the 2 McAbs can be used for follow-up testing.

Abstract:Separation effect of acetic acid extraction of spleen from Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica by tangential flow ultrafiltration with 3000, 10000 ultons fibre columns, and the two protein samples of the molecular weight (Mw) < 10 ku and the Mw < 3 ku were purified by using the cationic exchange liquid chromatography and together with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that three compositions (the protein samples of Mw > 10 ku, Mw <10 ku and Mw <3 ku) could be separated from the acid extraction with two fibre columns. The samples of Mw <10 ku and Mw <3 ku exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than the protein sample of the Mw > 10 ku. The protein sample with the Mw < 10 ku was purified by the cationic exchange liquid chromatography and using pH 9 buffer solution in RP-HPLC, and we obtained an antibacterial peptide with the molecular weight of 1391.82 u when determined by MALDI-TOF MS. The pH 9 and the pH 2 buffer solutions were applied in isolation of the factions obtained from cationic exchange liquid chromatography of the protein sample with the Mw < 3 ku, and we also obtained an antibacterial peptide with the molecular weight of 839.19 u when determined by MALDI-TOF MS. This study suggests that the antibacterial components in the spleen of Anguilla japonica are mostly proteins with low molecular weight.

Abstract:Signal transduction and activator of transcription factor (STAT) is an important part of JAK/STAT signaling pathway whose function performs in immunity, growth and development. In this research, the full length cDNA of STAT gene (Lv-STAT) was cloned from hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei. Lv-STAT has an 2373 bp ORF encoding 790 aa with a predicted molecular weight of 90.68 kDa and caculated isoelectric point of 5.91. The SMART online software analysis showed that functional domains of Lv-STAT were consisted by four components, STAT_int, STAT- α, STAT- β and SH2 domain. It didn’t have any signal peptide. The key sites of STAT gene family in Lv-STAT are highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Lv-STAT is most closely related P. monodon STAT, F. chinensis STAT and human STAT5A and STAT5B. The results of gene expression show that Lv-STAT was mainly expressed in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. The expression profiles of Lv-STAT in hemocytes and hepatopancreas were changed significantly (P<0.01) in the early period after WSSV (White Spot Syndrome Virus) challenging (3 hpi). The result suggests that Lv-STAT might taked part in the antiviral innate immune response of shrimp triggered by WSSV.

Abstract:Simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of sulfonamides and trimethoprim residues of aquatic by ASE-GPC-HPLC method. Pretreatment of fish samples using accelerated solvent Extraction. Extract concentrated by nitrogen blow with ethyl acetate: cyclohexane (1:1, V / V) mixture of 8mL constant volume.Automatic gel permeation chromatography Purification. Collect liquid nitrogen enrichment 1mL mobile phase constant volume, detemined by HPLC and quantified by external standard. The 13 kinds of Simultaneous and trimethoprim have good linear relationship in the range of 0.01 ~ 1.00mg/L and 0.02 ~ 2.00mg/L , the correlation coefficients are all above 0.9999. shrimp spiked with 100,200,400μg.kg-1 three concentration levels of 13 kinds of sulfonamides and trimethoprim mixed standard solution,the average recovery rate of standard are between 77.9%~98.6%, RSD is between0.4% ~ 13.4%. Developed a new method of 13 Sulfonamides and trimethoprim in aquatic products with ASE and GPC. the method was simple and accurate, 14 drugs were separate completely.

Abstract:30 microsatellite loci of Mereteix meretrix were developed using microsatellite -enhanced genomic library and expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) . Genetic diversity was analyzed in a population consisting of 30 Individuals . 8 G-SSRs and 22 EST-SSRs were found to be polymorphic. In these 30 microsatellite loci , a total of 140 alleles were identified , the number of alleles varied from 3 to 6 , with a mean of 4.67 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content ( PIC ) ranged from 0.172 to 0.744 . The observed heterozygosity ( Ho ) was from 0.040 to 0.720 , while the expected heterozygosity ( He ) was from 0.187 to 0.793 . The mean values of number of alleles , PIC , Ho , and He of G-SSRs were higher than those of the EST-SSRs . 24 of the 30 loci deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction . 11 EST-SSR identified from annotated genes were expected to be useful for mapping these genes in linkage maps . Interspecific transferability of the 30 markers revealed that 12 and 9 were polymorphic in M. lamarckii and M. lyrata , respectively. These loci obtained will lay a foundation for the study of genetic diversity , germplasm resources evaluation , marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) and other relevant research in M. meretrix , and these novel polymorphic SSR markers can be used for comparative mapping, gene tagging and QTL mapping among M. meretrix, M. lamarckii and M. Lyrata.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to contribute to the sustainable utilization of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) resources. In this study, Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to develop the integrated habitat index (IHI) models on the basis of the data which were collected in waters near Gilbert Islands from October, 2009 through December, 2009. The profiles of environmental variables and the yellowfin tuna catch rate data were collected at 34 sites. These models were used to predict the corresponding potential catch rate. The Wilcoxon test was used to test if there were significant differences between the predicted catch rates predicted by the models and the nominal catch rates. The integrated habitat index (IHI) in different water strata of yellowfin tuna were estimated by the predicted catch rate predicted by the models. Comparing the nominal CPUE and the average integrated habitat index (IHI) in different water strata, the predicted power of the models were evaluated. The correlation coefficients between the nominal CPUE and the average integrated habitat index (IHI) in different water strata were calculated. This correlation coefficient was also used to evaluate the prediction power of the models. In addition, the Gilbert Islands survey data in 16 sites from Nov. 2010 through Jan. 2011 were used to verify the effectiveness of the models. These data were input into the models for water stratum of 40-80 m and the whole water bin (0 ~ 240 m), and the IHIs of the yellowfin tuna were estimated. The results showed that: (1) The IHI distributions of different water stratum were different from each other. The environmental variables which influenced the distribution of yellowfin tuna were different from the different water strata. The yellowfin tuna mainly distributed in the water stratum of 40-120 m; (2) The prediction power of the models was good on the basis of the verification data obtained in 16 sites from Nov. 2010 through Jan. 2011; (3) GAM is suitable for the environmental variable selectivity, which influenced the distribution of yellowfin tuna, and shows the nonlinear relationship between the environmental variable and the catch rate; (4) GAM can be used to study the spatial distribution of the pelagic fish by building the IHI model.

Abstract:Hybridization and back crossing between Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea ariakensis were conducted in this study, consequently, the experimental groups HH (C. hongkongensis), AA (C. ariakensis), HA (C. hongkongensis ♀× C. ariakensis ♂), AH (C. hongkongensis♂× C. ariakensis♀), HAHA (HA♀×HA♂), HHA (HH♀×HA♂), HAH (HA♀×HH♂), HAA (HA♀×AA♂), AHA (AH♀×AA♂) were produced using the method of diallel cross. The results showed that C. hongkongensis eggs can be fertilized by C. ariakensis sperm (47.33±2.52%), but not vice-versa. The fertilization can be occurred between HA and HH or AA. The fertilization rates of backcrossing groups were lower than inbred groups HH and AA. The hatching rate of the back crossing between HA and AA were lower than the other groups, which were 20.33±2.08%(AHA),55.67±2.52%(HAA)respectively. The larval survival rate of the AHA and HAHA were 0; The survival of HA larvae was lower than HH and AA. The hybrid larvae grew faster than C.ariakensis larvae, but grew slower than C.hongkongensis. The survival rate of HA, HH, and AA juveniles was not significant difference(P>0.05). The hybrid juveniles grew faster than C.hongkongensis larvae, but grew slower than C.ariakensis. In addition, the larval and juvenile growth of HHA and HA was not significant difference(P>0.05). The larval survival rate was not significant difference in HHA and HA. The juvenile survival rate of HHA was lower than HA, but was higher than that of the other backcrossing groups. The results provide the basic study on the hybridization and backcrossing between C. hongkongensis and C.ariakenis.

Abstract:Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; EC 2.3.1.20) is regarded as a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. In the homology search of a pyrosequencing transcriptome of Myrmecia incisa, we found a putative full-length DGAT2 cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA sequence was composed of 1997 bp. It comprised a 44-bp 5′-untranslated region (UTR), a 897-bp 3′-UTR with a typical poly A tail, and a 1056-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 351-amino-acid protein with a putative molecular weight of 39.43 kDa and pI at 9.46. Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree inferred from the putative proteins of DGAT genes indicated that this gene belongs to DGAT2 gene family, significantly different from DGAT1 and DGAT3 families. Multiple sequence alignment of amino acids indicated that a conserved and characteristic sequence HPHG of the DGAT2’s was present in this gene. Therefore, this gene was designated as MiDGAT2. Compared to the DNA sequence of MiDGAT2, it was found that its coding region was interrupted by 6 introns with all splicing sites well matching the GT-AG rule. In order to understand the function of MiDGAT2, its open reading frame was amplified by RT-PCR and sub-cloned into the shuttle vector pYES2 to generate the recombinant vector pY-MiDGAT2. This recombinant plasmid was transformed into a TAG-defective mutant H1246 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for expression by electroporation. The target gene integrated in the yeast genome was confirmed by sequencing and a transformant with pY-MiDGAT2 was screened out. This yeast transformant was cultured in SC medium with galactose as an inducer. Thin layer chromatogram (TLC) analysis of yeast lipids showed that the TAG-defective mutant H1246 transformed with MiDGAT2 was restore the ability to synthesize TAG, indicating that MiDGAT2 encodes a DGAT enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of TAG. When the yeast cells were stained with fluorescent dye Bodipy, it was found that lipid droplets were present in the TAG-defective mutant H1246 transformed with MiDGAT2, although the diameter of lipid droplets was smaller than that of wild type. This study lays a strong foundation for biosyntheses and regulation of TAG in M. incisa.

Abstract:Aiming to guarantee the whole-process quality control of the Eriocheir sinensis crab seedling breeding and accomplishment of the Shanghai-Taiwan Crab Seedling Transport mission, This paper is based on the technologies referring to the Internet of Things (IOT) and smart service in which the crab seedling quality dynamic traceability system is researched and developed. In allusion to the Cross-Strait complex network situation and chanceful logistics links, several kinds of computing nodes and software patterns are adopted for the purpose of the acquisition of applied information in the system. Meanwhile, it plays an exemplary role in the field of Eriocheir sinensis crab seedling aquiculture for the reason that the quality control, dynamic monitor and traceability and tracking smart service of Cross-Strait crab seedling is brought into effect by means of the uniform data and information exchange between the coordination service space and intelligent resource base. The system has been resoundingly applied to the whole process of the Shanghai Eriocheir sinensis crab seedling aquaculture and transport to Miaoli Taiwan in 2013 and rendered the smart quality traceability service to 770,000 crablets in 695 boxes of 9 batches. The thirty Taiwanese exemplary aquaculture households have realized the quality tracking for the crab seedling with the 100 percentage traceability rate of crab seedling boxes and pouches. This has achieved desirable effects both in politics and economics.

Abstract:As the decline of fishery resources and the incense of fishery production costs the research of fishery forecasting technology and models has drawn more and more attention and became one of the emphases of fishery oceanography. Fishery forecasting on time, location and fishery resources are essential to fishery production and management. In this text, the theory and methods of fishing condition forecasting are summarized, including fishery oceanography, data models and prediction models related to this subject. Prediction models based on statistics methods and machine learning and artificial intelligence methods are emphasized, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of each kinds of model. Some research perspectives of fishing condition forecasting models are also proposed, i.e. developing ocean environments forecasting system; conducting systematic fishery resources survey of long standing and the standardization and normalization of fishery data acquisition and processing; reducing the uncertainty of prediction models with stochastic simulation methods and improving the prediction accuracy.

Abstract:Progesterone is one of very important sex steroid hormone, which plays an important role during the ovarian development of crustaceans. In vertebrate, progesterone mediates the reproduction generally via progestin receptor (PR). Previous studies have shown PR is present in the ovary, hepatopancreas and nervous tissues for some crustacean species. The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, is a commercially important fisheries resource and mariculture species in East Asian countries. The better understanding of reproductive mechanism would potentially benefit artificial propagation as well as fisheries management of P. trituberculatus. The present study was conducted to immunorecoginize and immunolocalize PR in the ovary, hepatopancreas, mandibular organ, Y-organ, optic ganglia and thoracic ganglion mass of female P. trituberculatus via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Then, the change and distribution of PR was also investigated in these tissues during the ovarian development of female P. trituberculatus. The results showed that PR with an apparent molecular weight of 100kDa was identified in the optic ganglia of female P. trituberculatus. By the means of immunohistochemistry, PR was detected in the ovary, hepatopancreas, mandibular organ, optic ganglia and thoracic ganglion mass. During the ovarian development of female P. trituberculatus, the follicule cells were stained with strongly positive PR for each ovarian stage. As for the germinal cells, the strongly positive PR was only exsited in the cytoplasm during the early ovary developmental stages，including stagesⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, while the strongly positive PR was stained in the nucleus of germinal cells during the stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅴ. For the female hepatopancreas, PR was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the fibrillar cell for all ovarian developmental stages, and PR was also present in the nucleus of stage Ⅲ resorptive cell. On the contrary, no positive PR-like substance was found in the other type of hepatopancreas cells, such as blister-like cell and embryonic cell during the ovarian development of female P. trituberculatus. As for the endocrine organ, PR was only localized in the cellular cytoplasm of the stage Ⅳ mandibular organ while positive PR-like substance was not found in the gland cell of Y-organ. Moreover, PR-like substance was also detected in the nervous tissues of female P. trituberculatus. As for the optic ganglia, PR was mainly localized in nerve cells during the period of stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅴ. In addition, PR was also localized in the thoracic ganglion mass. Nerve cell and nerve medulla were stained positively with PR-anti-body during the ovarian stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅴ. In conclusion, these results suggest that progesterone can not only regulate the vitellogenesis and ovarian development directly via interacting with PR in ovary and hepatopancreas, but also may indirectly modulate ovarian development through the meidation of the synthesis and secretion of other endocrine hormones.

Abstract:The studies on innate immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei C-type lectin, were gained by recombinant C-type lectin protein through expressed in Escherichia coli. We used cell suspension culture to study the effect of C-type lectin on the cellular immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was divided into two groups control group and recombinant protein (1.0 mg/mL). After 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 hours, we harvested the solutions and then assessed parameters respectively. The results showed that SDS-PAGE revealed the molecular weight of LvLec protein was 39KD, which was consistent with the predicted size. Western blot revealed it could bind to anti-His antibody, which proved that C-lectin recombinant protein in Escherichia coli succeeded in expression. For the hemagglutination assay, massive agglutination could be observed after Escherichia coli was incubated with LvLec for 1 h. At the same time, Lvlec protein had a significant effect on haemocyte count, cell viability and phagocytic activity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei(P<0.05). The extracelluar phenoloxidase activity of the Lvlec protein group showed peak changes during 3-12h, at 9h the extracelluar phenoloxidase activity was highest, then recovered to the control level(P<0.05). Therefore, crustacean C-type lectin not only had the function of hemagglutination , but also activated prophenoloxidase activating system, and probably played an important role in immune response.

Abstract:The toxic effects of a PSP-producing strain of dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense(ATHK) on antioxidant system of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, an important mariculture species in China, were studied in this study.The crude toxin extracted from A. tamarense (ATHK) cells were intramuscularly injected into the Chinese shrimp. The dose injection was carried out only one time during the experiment, using extracted solution from 1.4?103 algae cells. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,glutathione-S-transferase(GST) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed in hepatopancreas and gill tissues after 1 h, 3 h, 6 h,12 h, 24 h and 48 h exposure.The SOD activity and GST activity in hepatopancreas and gill tissues increased within 6 h. However, they were inhibited at 12h and 48h in gill. the malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in hepatopancreas was no distinct change except at 1h , but increased in gill with time prolonging. The results indicate that the crude toxin extracted from A. tamarense cells could induce reactive oxygen species(ROS),which might associate with the metabolism of extracted toxins, and could cause branchial lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in Chinese shrimp by induction of MDA increase and SOD/ GST inactivation.

Abstract:To study the effects of ocean acidification and UV radiation on early life cycle stage of macroalgae, we selected the economic algae conchocelis of Pyropia haitanensis as our material. Two CO2 levels (ambient CO2, 390 ppmv and high CO2, 1000 ppmv) and three irradiances ( PAR (400-700nm), PA (315-400nm) and PAB (280-400nm)) were set in the study. Our results showed that high CO2 significantly enhanced the relative growth rate of conchocelis of Pyropia haitanensis, but the contents of phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, chlorophyll a, carotenoid and UVACs were significantly reduced by 7.3%, 9.3%, 19.8%, 16.5% and 18.7% under high CO2 condition, respectively. Maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), light using efficiency (α) and maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax)were all significantly increased under high CO2 condition. When exposed to different light treatments, inhibition induced by PAR and PA were no significant differences between the thalli grown at high and ambient CO2. However, significant inhibition under PAB was found in the thalli grown at high CO2, which was closed related to the low concentration of UVACs in the thalli of conchocelis of Pyropia haitanensis. Inhibition induced by PAR were all lower than PA and PAB in both high and ambient CO2 treatments, however, no difference were found between PA and PAB treatments. In future ocean, increased UVR would show great effects on photosynthesis and growth of Pyropia haitanensis, especially under the background of ocean acidification.