Abstract:Dyneins are a group of evolutionarily highly conservative molecular proteins,which can be divided into two groups:cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins.Cytoplasmic dynein probably moves along the microtubule essential for transporting cargo in eukaryotes.It is also probably involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division.Dynein light chain 2,cytoplasmic,is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Dynll 2 gene.To clone dynein light chain,LC8-type 2(Dynll 2)gene from A.davidianus,and to analyze the characteristics of the functional gene by bioinformatics analysis,the structure of Dynll 2 gene was isolated from skin cDNA library.A cDNA library of the skin tissue was constructed by using the isolated mRNA as the template during reverse transcription.The skin cDNA library of A.davidianus were detected and sequenced by picking clones randomly.It was confirmed that the titer of the skin cDNA library of A.davidianus was 1.50×10⁶ cfu,the recombination rate was 94.8%,and the PCR results showed that the average size of inserts segment was about 1 000 bp.A total of 343 ESTs from the library were sequenced and made alignment with sequences in GenBank database.Moreover,at least 214 clones(Evalue＜10^-6)derived from these identified clones were categorized into nine categories.Immune-related genes accounted for 31.3% of the largest distribution,metabolism genes(14.0%),cytoskeleton genes(13.0%)and signaling pathway-related genes(12.6%) took up a larger gene distribution though.It revealed that skin of A.davidianus made intense activities in the form of secretions and took part in metabolism reactions,according to their physiology function in the area of immunity,breathing,and osmotic pressure equilibrium.In order to investigate the contribution of Dynll 2 to motor protein in A.davidianus,molecular cloning,analyzing cDNA sequence and expression analysis of Dynll 2gene from A.davidianus were performed.The relative mRNA expression levels of Dynll 2 gene were investigated in A.davidianus using real-time RT-PCR.The Dynll 2cDNA contained a 682 nt of continuous complete open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 104 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 12.03 ku.Analytic results of TMHMM,Phyre,Protscale and SMART showed that Dynll 2 localized to membrane.Dynll 2 contained conserved “ZnFC2H2” motif of Dynein family.Dynll 2 shared high amino acid sequence identity with other organisms and the tertiary structure of the Dynll 2 of A.davidianus was highly homologous to the one of Rattus norvegicus.Then phylogenesis analysis of Dynll 2 was obtained with other 26 animals,and it showed Dynll 2 of A.davidianus was highly homologous to terrestrial animals or freshwater fishes.Moreover,we were able to express Dynll 2 mRNA in 6 tissues of A.davidianus,followed by bowel,muscle,liver,lung,skin and stomach.The data of qRTPCR,analyzed by 2^-ΔΔCt method,indicated the plentiful presence of Dynll 2 mRNA in muscle rather than other 5 tissues.

Abstract:The ways of P removal from eutrophic aquaculture water in the process of phytoremediation included plant absorption,root system adsorption,sediment adsorption(mainly including flocculation and deposition)and P volatilization(PH₃)under reductive state.In order to futher investigate the mechanism of P removal and clarify the ways of P removal from eutrophic aquaculture water by phytoremediation,we took Pistia stratiotes L.and Secale cereale L.which had higher P removal efficiency as experiment materials respectively in summer-autumn(high-temperature)seasons and winter-spring(low-temperature)seasons.The contribution ratios of these four ways of P removal in the total phosphorus(TP)removal from eutrophic aquaculture water were respectively studied through simulating ideal ecological phytoremediation system.The study results showed that both of the two ecological floating culture plants P.stratiotes L.and S.cereale L.have higher TP removal efficiency from eutrophic cultivated water,which both reach higher than 50%;And the two main ways of P removal by ecological floating culture plants are plant absorption and sediment adsorption whose contribution ratios respectively are 23%-58% and 27%-51% for TP removal;Second is root adsorption whose contribution ratio is 13%-28%;The lowest contribution ratio was observed in the track of P volatilization under reductive state whose contribution ratio is only lower than 1.5%,thus,this contribution in TP removal is very small and could be neglected.The results of this study can be considered as the preliminary research basis for using ³²P isotope tracer method for further careful in depth study of the movement of P in eutrophic aquaculture water.

Abstract:Dwarf mutant of Xiphophorus helleri is used as the female parent to cross normal body type male,showing that dwarf individual can be identified in the offspring and such character is inheritable.The body type pattern of offspring exhibits a successive distribution,similar to male or female parent,in addition to intermediate type.It is less likely to discriminate the individual phenotype by using a clear definition.Dwarf mutants of Xiphophorus hellerimanifest as short bloated body,clumsy swimming,and significantly altered trunk lengthheight ratio.This mutation retards fish growth and compromises the reproductivity.The self-cross and back-cross of F₁ progenies also result in a successive distribution in body type among various crosses.The dwarf characteristic in X.helleri is not inherited in a simple alternative manner,which affects a group of characters rather than a single character.The consistency with primary feature of quantitative character suggests that such mutation may be controlled by multiple quantitative character genes.The skeletal morphological analysis indicates that the spinal length of X.helleri mutant is significantly shortened,whereas the number of vertebrae is comparable to that of normal individual,ranging from 26 to 29.The dramatically shortened vertebral body in the mutant impairs the longitudinal development of spine.The neural spine and hemal spine are in a tight arrangement,whose development is also significantly retarded.Therefore,the dwarf mutation in X.helleri is caused by the developmental defect in vertebral column,and the vertebral malformation underlies the body type alteration anatomically.As fish is representative of lower-ranking vertebrate,the dwarf swordtail mutant is reproducible,and the character is inheritable and closely associated with spinal development.Such mutant is a potential fish model for the systemical research.

Abstract:To study the distribution and variation of virioplankton in the sea of raft culture of Pationopecten yessoensis in the Guanglu Island and the Da Changshan,virioplankton abundance was determined by epifluorescence microscopy(EFM).At the horizontal scale,virioplankton abundance in inshore waters including the surface,10 m and bottom layers were higher than those in offshore waters(P<0.05);At the vertical scale,virioplankton abundance of the surface was higher than that of 10 m layer and bottom layer(P<0.05)in the offshore waters.There was no difference between 10 m layer and bottom layer,and there was no vertical difference in the inshore waters between surface and bottom layer.As for the seasonal changes,virioplankton abundance of spring and summer were higher than those of autumn and winter.The virioplankton abundance of summer was highest.According to multi-correlation analysis,virioplankton abundance was distinct positive correlated with the Chl.a(P<0.01)and positive correlated with the temperature(P<0.05).Virioplankton abundance had no significant correlation with salinity and DO(P>0.05).

Abstract:Heavy metals in three wastes are discharged into water by a variety of means with the industry development such as mine,smelting and electroplating,which lead to pollution of aquatic environments and threaten human health and biological survival seriously.Cadmium(Cd) is one of the main marine pollutants.As Cd can accumulate in different tissues of shellfish through food chains,which threaten the quality and safety of shellfish foods,it is extremely necessary to research and monitor conditions of shellfish contamination with Cd.Cadmiummetallothioneins(Cd-MTs) are important biomarker used for indicating cadmium pollution in aquatic environment.The research on these Cd-MTs not only is propitious to establish Cd-MT immunoassay method,but also provides the theoretical basis for technology development in monitoring heavy metal pollution.Cd-MT was induced to synthesize by injecting different concentrations of CdCl₂(0-0.8 mg/L)in Pteria penguin and was isolated and purified from whole tissues of P.penguin by tissue homogenization,freezing centrifugation,heat treatment and Sephadex G-50 gel column chromatography.The characteristic absorption of Cd-MT in crude extract by ultraviolet spectrophotometry was the strongest at 0.8 mg/L Cd²⁺.The results showed that the content of Cd-MT in P.penguin increased with concentration of Cd²⁺.The results from SDS-PAGE assay showed that molecular weight of purified Cd-MT and its dimer were 9 ku and 18 ku respectively.Then Cd-MT was coupled to bovine serum albumin(BSA) with glutaraldehyde and polyclonal antiserum by immunizing rabbits with Cd-MT-BSA was prepared.The titer of antiserum was measured by indirect ELISA assay and reached 1∶12 800.IgG(molecular weight is about 35 ku) in the antiserum was obtained by methods including saturated ammonium persulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex A50 column chromatography.ELISA assay showed that the IgG from antiserum could react to Cd-MT of P.martensi as well as Cd-MT of P.penguin.The study will lay a foundation for establishing an indirect ELISA method of Cd-MT in shellfish and meanwhile,afford technological and theoretical support for exploitation of Cd-MT test kit used in shellfish.

Abstract:The speciation analysis and health risk assessment of aluminum in Porphyra haitanensis was carried out by sequential chemical extraction method and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The total content of aluminum was within the limits of 74.3-1 479 mg/kg in 30 samples.The content distribution of aluminum species in P.haitanensis was according to the order of insoluble Al>organic Al>inorganic Al>water soluble Al.Insoluble aluminum in P.haitanensis accounted for about 75% of the total Al.The greatest amount of soluble aluminum existed as organic Al,which accounted for 72% of the total soluble aluminum.The dominating form of inorganic aluminum was Al(OH)₃ and water soluble aluminum only accounted for 18.5% of inorganic aluminum.The percentage of dissolved aluminum in gastric stage only accounted for 1.38%-6.80% of the total aluminum,which indicated most of aluminum was insoluble during digestion process and health risk of aluminum which come from P.haitanensis was low.

Abstract:Cadmium is one of environment heavy metal pollutants which is ranked the eighth in the top toxic substances harmful to human health by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR).Cadmium is easy to be absorbed by aquatic organisms and to be deposited in the body.We studied the performance of the Ca²⁺-ATPase and metallothionein in primary cultured hepatocytes of Carassius auratus.Hepatocytes were incubated with cadmium chloride at 5,10,15 and 20 μmol/L for 24 h.Fluo-2/AM fluorescent labeling is used to show the Ca²⁺ level.The activity of Ca²⁺-ATPase was measured by spectrophotometry graphite,cadmium by atomic adsorption spectroscopy and metallothionein(MT)by ELISA.Fluorescence intensity of Ca²⁺ was higher in the treatment groups than in control group; the activity of Ca²⁺-ATPase was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in treatment group were 4.52,6.73,6.68,7.19,6.18 times higher than that in the control group respectively.MT expression level was significantly increased in each treatment group(P<0.01),and MT content of 5 μmol/L group increased by 17.15 %(P＜0.01).The results indicate that cadmium increases levels of Ca²⁺ and MT in hepatocytes of Carassius auratus,and MT chelated cadmium in hepatocytes,which may be one of the mechanisms that reduce the cadmium toxicological influence.

Abstract:Half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a newly exploited and commercially important cultured marine fish in China.Females grow 3-4 times faster than males.Thus,the development of all-triploid stock would be of significant benefit for aquaculture.In the present study,a set of experiments were carried out for developing artificial alltriploids technique in the tongue sole.First of all,and the optimal initiation time for pressure shock of fertilized eggs was determined to be 5 min after fertilization when the fertilized eggs were incubated at water temperature of about 23 ℃,the optimal pressure and treatment duration were determined to be 36 MPa and 4 min,respectively.Ploidy of fry was analyzed using Ploidy analyzer.Under the optimal induction conditions,100% triploids were obtained.63 chromosomes were observed in artificial triploid fry and,42 chromosomes were observed in normal diploid fry.Thus,a set of techniques for induction of triploid fry was developed for the first time in halfsmooth tongue sole,and 100% triploid fry were obtained.This technique lays foundation and provides important tool for sex control and production of high quality seeds in half-smooth tongue sole.

Abstract:The effects of 2,4,8 and 12 h transportation stress on serum cortisol,glucose,tissue glycogen and lactate of juvenile silver pomfret(Pampus argenteus)with an average weight of(10.05±0.23) g were evaluated at densities of 4,8 and 16 g/L.After transportation,fish from each density were moved into separate 1 m³ tanks for 24 h,and the 24 h cumulative mortality was monitored.The results showed that,the survival rate of fish at density of 16 g/L after 12 h transportation was 91.25%,and the others were 100%;Serum cortisol contents increased significantly after transportation(P<0.05),and the maximum was observed after 4 h transportation.At all densities,the serum cortisol contents after 12 h transportation were lower than those after 4 h transportation,but significantly higher than that of 0 h transportation.After 12 h transportation,the cortisol content of fish at density of 16 g/L was significantly higher than those at densities of 4 g/L and 8 g/L,respectively(P<0.05).Serum glucose,serum lactate and muscle lactate contents were all significantly increased after transportation(P<0.05).On the contrary,liver and muscle glycogen contents were all significantly reduced after transportation(P<0.05).However,during the transportation,more glycogen mobilization occurred in the liver instead of the muscle.In conclusion,higher transportation density could increase the stress response of silver pomfret,the transportation density of silver pomfret with an average weight of 10 g should not exceeded 16 g/L in the open system and small water volume conditions.Additionally,liver glycogen makes the most potential contribution to total energy expenditure during the whole transportation.

Abstract:The apparent digestibility(AD) for dry matter,protein,crude fat,amino acids,phosphorus and energy of eight feed ingredients for bluntnose black bream Megalobrama amblycephala Yih were determined.The feed ingredients included expanded feather meal,enzyme feather meal,blood meal,silkworm pupa,corn gluten meal,broken rice,corn,and barley grain.Test diets consisted of 70% reference diet and 30% test feed ingredients,and added 0.5%Cr₂O₃ as an indicator.The fish averaging(250.83±2.12) g were reared in indoor aquarium tank(3.0 m×0.8 m×0.8 m),and fecal samples were collected by abdominal pressure method after one week.The results showed that apparent digestibility for dry matter,protein,crude fat,amino acids,phosphorus and energy of nine feed ingredients were 68.07%-92.69%,81.54%-92.75%,84.82%-103.44%,63.07%-95.56%,41.48%-97.55% and 68.91%-97.81%,respectively.Corn gluten meal showed the best apparent digestibility for all nutritions.Silkworm pupa had the highest apparent digestibility of four animal protein feedstuffs,and the next was blood meal.Apparent digestibility of enzyme feather meal was better than expanded feather meal in addition to crude fat.Barley grain had the highest protein and amino acid digestibility,but the apparent digestibility for dry matter,crude fat and energy were significantly lower than that of corn and broken rice.In conclusion,corn gluten meal and silkworm pupa can be used as high quality plant protein and animal protein sources,respectively.Blood meal,and feather meal can be used as a small amount with other feedstuffs.Corn and broken rice can be used as the main energy feed ingredients because of the higher energy values,and barley grain also can be used suitably for bluntnose black bream because of the balance of amino acids.

Abstract:Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) can affect the normal endocrine system of organism.Its huge threat to the environment and the health of human beings arouses international attention,which has been the hot topic in environmental research.Vitellogenin(Vtg) production in male and juvenile fish can provide a sensitive biomarker of reproductive disruption to indicate and estimate estrogenicity of EDCs.It has been proved that the vitellogenin of Tanichthys albonubes is a perfect biomarker to be used to monitor EDCs in environment.The objective of the present study was to detect the estrogenic responses of estradiol-17 beta(E₂),nonylphenol(NP),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),Cd²⁺,Zn²⁺ and its mixture in T.albonubes.Native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(Native-PAGE),lipo-staining method,indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to analyze the whole body homogenate from treated male T.albonubes.The results of Native-PAGE showed that after exposure to 10 μg/L E₂,50 μg/L E₂ for 7 days or 14 days,the male T.albonubes could synthesize Vtg.It also showed that the more time,the more vitellogenin and the higher the concentration of E₂,the more Vtg.The results of ELISA showed that the male T.albonubes could be induced to synthesize Vtg after exposure to 0.1,0.5,1.0 μg/L E₂ for 7,14 days or exposure to 200,300 μg/L NP for 14 days.The combined effects of NP,PCB,Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺together with different level E₂ were dissimilar with their individual effects.The interaction of NP and E₂ was synergism action.This article also discussed the combined effects of environmental estrogen mechanism.

Abstract:Summer(Aug.) and winter(Dec.) silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were studied.Because chymotrypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds adjacent aromatic amino acids,it can be used to detect the difference in the protein internal structure combining with SDS-PAGE technique.The objective of the study is to characterize the structural stability and thermal stability of myosin from summer and winter silver carp by using chymotryptic digestion.The results showed that there was a longer subfragment of myosin S-1 produced by chymotrytic digestion for winter myosin,compared with that of summer one.If myosin was cleaved into HMM and LMM,the winter sample was liable to be cleaved into a shorter fragment as 135 ku HMM,while summer myosin still produced long 165 ku HMM even if digested at high temperatures(30 ℃).These results indicated the instability of winter myosin.Heating summer and winter myofibril at different temperatures,and then measuring the remaining ATPase activity and the amount of S-1 produced by chymotyptic digestion,it was found that the decreasing rate of ATPase activity and S-1 produced was similar to decreasing temperature.This indicated that S-1 produced by chymotryptic digestion only originated from native myosin.Furthermore,as the denaturation temperature for summer myosin was 6 ℃ higher than winter myosin,it indicated that summer myosin was more stable than winter one.This paper introduced chmotrypsin digestion as a very useful method to study the biochemical properties of muscle proteins such as myosin,which is a very important protein for gel formation.The information will be very useful for producing surimi from freshwater fish species in different seasons.

Abstract:In this study,DMSO was used as cryoprotectants,and HBSS solution was used as extender.Two-step cooling for cryopreservation of Nibea albiflora spermatozoa in 0.25 mL straws.DNA damage,mitochondria and membrane damage of N.albiflora sperm in response to the cryopreservation process by SCGE and FCM were also investigated.The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences between fresh sperm and frozen-thawed sperm which was diluted with 5%-20% DMSO in vitality.The activation rate,moving time and lifespan of frozenthawed sperm were 85.25%±3.95%,(3.23±0.27) min and(3.83±0.33) min when 10% DMSO was used as cryoprotectant.However,a significant drop in sperm vitality was observed when DMSO concentration was increased to 25% and 30%.The SCGE showed that there were no significant differences between fresh sperm and frozen-thawed sperm which was diluted with 5%-15%DMSO in DNA fragments,but DNA fragments differed significantly with fresh sperm when DMSO concentration rose to 20%,25%,30%.In fact,there was a positive correlation between comet rate of frozenthawed sperm and concentration of DMSO in protocol.Also,we found that the integrity of mitochondria and membrane of frozen-thawed sperm obtained high proportion when using 5%-20% DMSO as cryoprotectant,and there were no significant differences between fresh sperm and frozen-thawed sperm.But,the mitochondrial and membrane integrity had a significant drop when using 25% and 30% DMSO as cryoprotectants.So we concluded that toxicity of cryoprotectant was the main factor of DNA damage,mitochondrial membrane damage in frozen-thawed sperm.

Abstract:Shrimp proteins have been recognized as an important source of food allergens.The objective of this study was to analyze the immunocompetence and digestion stability of shrimp allergen after different processings.In this study,four processing methods were chosen to investigate their impacts on the immunocompetence of shrimp allergen,which included lyophilizing,drying,frying and gelation.After four different processings,the total proteins and content of the major allergen were profiled by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).The changes of immunocompetence of shrimp allergen were determined by Western-blotting and ELISA.In the meantime,vitro enzymatic digestion was adopted to compare the ability of anti-enzyme changes of the processed shrimps.The results showed that the major allergen protein was still present in all of the total proteins of shrimps.However,based on the results of Western-blotting and ELISA,the immunocompetence of the allergen protein was all reduced after the four processings.In addition,different processings had different impact on the immunocompetence.Among these four methods,shrimp gelation had the best reducing effect towards immunocompetence of shrimp allergen,which could reduce 87% of the immunocompetence,while frying and drying could reduce 56% and 85% of the immunocompetence respectively.Nevertheless,lyophilizing has little effect on reducing the immunocompetence.The results of vitro enzymatic digestion showed that the ability of antienzyme had zero difference during processing.It is concluded that the reduction of immunological competence after different processings varies widely,but the ability of anti-enzyme had zero difference.

Abstract:The ark shell Scapharca subcrenata is a benthic bivalve distributed along the intertidal and subtidal zones of mud or silty sand shores of China,Japan,and Korea.It is a species of considerable economic value with a significant potential to further the development and diversification of aquaculture.Over the last two decades,the yields of this natural resources in China have decreased dramatically due to the marine reclamation works,reckless overcatching and environmental pollutions.The inter-simple sequence repeats DNA(ISSR)technique was applied to assess the genetic diversity among five stocks of Scapharca subcrenata(Jinzhou stock,Dandong stock,Jinzhou stock,Yingkou stocks and Zhanghe stock).Under predetermined optimal reaction conditions,137 ISSR sites were detected ranging from 200 bp to 2 500 bp with 12 primers.The number of amplified bands ranged from 9 to 15 in every individual.The experimental data were analyzed with POPGEN3.2 and MEGA2 software.The result showed that no evident differentiation existed among the five stocks,and they all belong to one community; the nearest phylogenetic relationship occurs between the Dandong stock and Zhuanghe stock,then between the Yingkou and Jinzhou groups in turn;the high level of mean heterozygosities suggests that the resource of Scapharca subcrenata was in good condition with high genetic variation.

Abstract:In the present study the combined effects of ozone(O₃)sterilization and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of Sinonovaculla constricta Lamark were assessed by physicochemical and microbiological methods. S.constricta Lamark were sterilized by ozone(1 mg/L)and packaged by modified atmosphere,then stored at (0±0.5) ℃.There are six groups in the experiment:low oxygen MAP(60% CO₂+10%O₂+30% N₂),non-oxygen MAP(60% CO₂+40% N₂),air packaging,low oxygen MAP(60% CO₂+10% O₂+30% N₂)+O₃,non-oxygen MAP(60% CO₂+40% N₂)+O₃,and air packaging+O₃.The microbiological analysis showed that the total viable counts(TVC)for air packaging group and air packaging+O₃ group reached 1.76×10⁷ cfu/g and 1.14×10⁷ cfu/g on day 4 and 8 respectively,while the TVC for low oxygen MAP group and non oxygen MAP group reached 1.87×10⁷ cfu/g and 1.03×10⁷ cfu/g respectively on day 10,exceeding the microbiological acceptability limit.The results indicated that the combination of low oxygen MAP and O₃ could extend the shelf-life of S.constricta Lamark up to 12 days,while the combination of non-oxygen MAP and O₃ could extend the shelf-life up to 14 days.TVB-N,K value,sensory evaluation,pH changes for each group were also associated with the storage time(P<0.05),TVB-N,K value,sensory score and pH value for MAP+O₃ group showed better effects than single MAP or ozone group.The preservation effects of nonoxygen MAP(60% CO₂+40% N₂)+O₃ group were better than other groups.TVB-N,K value,and sensory score reached 14.952 mg N/100 g,55% and 5,respectively,at the end of shelf-life(14 days),which indicated a moderately fresh or acceptable status of samples.Thus,it was suggested that the combination of ozone sterilization and modified atmosphere packaging could effectively extend the shelf-life of S.constricta Lamark during refrigerated storage.

Abstract:This paper documented the data of fish species systematically collected in the Daya Bay from 1980s on according to Nelson’s classification system and analyzed the diversity at different taxonomic levels.The inclusion index at taxonomic level(TINCL_i),taxonomic diversity(Δ⁺ and ∧⁺),relative abundances(R) and the similarity index(C)at Order and Family levels were used in this paper.TINCL_i is used first in this paper.The results indicated that the fish species in the Daya Bay belonged to 22 orders,94 families and 206 genera,and Perciformes is the major order .Analyzed by the inclusion index at taxonomic level,the average numbers of(families,genera,species),(genera,species) and (species) per order,family and genus are(4.27,9.36,14.55),(2.19,3.40) and(1.55),lower than those of the Dongsha Islands and higher than those in the East China Sea Continent Shelf.The values assumed the inverse proportion with the variation of latitude which demonstrated that the taxonomic diversity of fishes in lower-latitude was lower than the higherlatitude.The average taxonomic distinctness Δ⁺ and the variation in taxonomic distinctness ∧⁺ of the Daya Bay were tested in this paper by the PRIMER 5.2.The average taxonomic distinctness Δ⁺ was 62.2,and the variation in taxonomic distinctness ∧⁺ was 110.0.Compared the Δ⁺ with those of the East China Sea Continent Shelf and Dongsha Island,the genetic relationship of the composition of fish species in the Daya Bay was closer than the East China Sea Continent Shelf(65.7) and farther than the Dongsha Islands(55.2).Compared with the similarity index at the order level,the composition of fish species in the Daya Bay is similar to the Dongsha Islands,and similar to the East China Sea Continental Shelf at the family level.In order to increase the acquaintance of diversity in Daya Bay,this paper analyzed the composition of fish species at the species level.It can provide reference for the exploitation and conservation of fish species in the waters.

Abstract:The Duliu River is located in the Southeast Guizhou,China and is one of the great rivers in Guizhou.It belongs to the Pearl River system and is situated at 107°34′-109°35′E and 25° 19′-26° 29′ N.The length of the Duliu River is 365 km and the basin area of the river is about 15 000 km².The river runs swiftly in deep valley and is full of shallow beaches.The Duliu River is located in the midsubtropical zone with humid monsoon climate and has high biodiversity.To supply scientific data for the protection and utilization of the fish resources in the Duliu River,the fish fauna and zoogeological division of the river were studied according to my field survey of fishes for the river from 2002 to 2010,integrating with related reference.The results show that a total of 88 species(subspecies),belonging to 4 orders,13 families and 56 genera,were distributed in the Duliu River.Of them,28 species were found for the first time to be distributed in the Duliu River,6 species comprising Schistura fasciolata,Discogobio brachyphysallidos,D.yunnanensis,Abbottina rivularis,Pseudobagrus adiposalis and Hypseleotris swinhonis were first found to live in the Liujiang River system,and 3 species including Discocheilus multilepis, Beaufortia intermedia and Siniperca fortis were endemic to the Duliu River.The fishes in Cyprinidae,Cypriniformes were dominant in the fish fauna of the Duliu River and account for 75.0% of fishes in the river.The fish fauna in the Duliu River is characterized by high species diversity,abundant species endemic to the Pearl River system,lack of the species in the Subfamily Schizothoracinae and the Genus Triplophysa,and no migratory fishes and Karst cave fishes.The fishes in the Duliu River originated in the early Tertiary and belong to 4 fauna complexes respectively.The fish fauna in the Duliu River belongs to the South China Division in the Southeast Asiatic Subregion of the Oriental Region.

Abstract:Based on the data of three months′ surveys of 45 sampling stations along the north-central coast spawning ground of Zhejiang Province from April to June 2008,the species composition and spatial distribution of fish eggs,larvae and juveniles were analyzed.The results showed that there were 64 taxa of ichthyoplankton,of which 47 were identified to species,17 were identified to family.They belonged to 47 genera,36 families and 13 orders.Meanwhile,a total of 5 846 fish eggs and 5 502 fish larvae and juveniles were collected.Specifically,the least abundance of ichthyoplankton appeared in April including 366 fish eggs accounting for 6.26% of the all eggs and 1 445 fish larvae and juveniles which accounted for 26.26% of the all larvae and juveniles.There were 1 530 eggs accounting for 26.17% and 1 551 fish larvae and juveniles accounting for 28.19% in May.The highest abundance of ichthyoplankton appeared in June including 3 950 fish eggs accounting for 67.57% and 2 506 fish larvae and juveniles were accounting for 45.55%.Consequently,there was a tendency toward increased ichthyoplankton abundance from April to June.As for the eggs,the most abundant of fish species was Sciaenidae sp.comprising 10.06% of the total,the second one was Nibea albiflora comprising 6.45% and the third one was Coilia mystus comprising 6.06%.But for the larvae and juveniles,the most abundant of fish species was C.mystus comprising 34.06% of the total,the second one was Gobiidae comprising 24.25% and the third one was Mugilidae comprising 23.57%.Studies show that Hangzhou Bay was the major spawning ground of C.mystus and their larvae and juveniles were mainly distributed here,only a small part of them were distributed in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground and Yushan Fishing Ground.In contrast,the spawning ground of Pseudosciaena polyactis was located outside of Zhoushan fishing ground and Yushan fishing ground.From the point of view of the spawning time and fishing ground distribution,Yushan fishing ground was the place where fishes spawned first and concentratedly.With the passage of time,the central zone of spawning ground shifted gradually towards the north where was Zhoushan fishing ground.The fish eggs abundance percentage of important commercial fish decreased obviously for example P.croea,P.polyactis,Pampus argenteus which were no longer dominant species as they were in 1960.On the contrary,the percentage of Ilisha elongata, and C.mystus increased while their absolute abundance decreased.The abundance of P.croea, andP.polyactis larvae and all fish eggs was lower than that of 1960,which indicated that the resource recruitment decreased in coastal areas,the possible reason of which was related to the decrease of parent stock resulting from environmental change and overharvest.

Abstract:The temporal-spatial distributions of SeaWiFS Chlorophyll a concentration(1998—2007)in the East China Sea waters(116?-135?E,21?-42?N)were analyzed by using Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)method.The first three dominant EOF modes were analyzed using power spectrum.For spatial variability,the climatological SeaWiFS Chlorophyll a shows that the concentrations of Chlorophyll a are high near coast and low offshore; for seasonal variability,the monthly climatological SeaWiFS Chlorophyll a is highest in spring(March-April)and lowest in summer(June-July).The first three modes of EOF contribute 84.89%,3.38%,and 1.06% of variation,respectively.The first mode accounts for most of the variability; the spatial distribution is consistent with the climatology mean;the time coefficients indicate that years 1998 and 2000 have lower Chlorophyll a than normal years,while year 2007 has higher Chlorophyll a than normal years; the linear fitting of Chlorophyll a concentrations shows a weakly positive trend.The second mode displays the seasonal variability with a significant period of 12 months using discrete power spectral analysis; the area near the Yangtse River Estuary,the Hangzhou Bay and along Zhejiang Province coast is positive and the other areas are negative.The time coefficients of the third mode show two significant periods of 12 months and 6 months; an area centered at 122.95?E,32.24?N are negative while the Yellow Sea and the area offshore Zhejiang Province are positive,which is probably related with the variability of along shore currents,expansion of the Changjiang River diluted water and Taiwan Warm Current.

Abstract:In the present study,the promoter sequence of largemouth bass POU1F1 was cloned which is 1 629 bp in length,predicted the existence of four octamer transcription factor 1(Oct-1)binding sites,one homeobox transcription factors sites,two cAMPresponsive element binding proteins sites and a TATA box.Using directly sequencing,two nucleotides mutations were identified which were located at the -18 and -183 sites,and only two haplotypes were identified(haplotype A and haplotype B).The different genotype individuals and the mutant alleles in stochastic population(126 individuals)were examined.The frequency of A haplotype and B haplotype was 0.246 and 0.754 respectively.The population correlation analysis showed that the AA and AB genotypes have significantly correlated with BB genotype individuals’ weight,body length,full length,body depth and body width(P<0.05),but there is no significant correlation between AA genotype individuals and AB genotype individuals.Identified growth traits markers for growth traits could be implemented through marker-assisted selection(MAS),with the aim of producing rapidly growing largemouth bass.

Abstract:Abalone long-line culture is a commercially important mariculture method in China.With the development of scale,it is very important and necessary to understand its influence on the environment.In this paper the effects of abalone long-line culture on the water quality were studied,in order to provide basic information for the setup of sustainable mariculture mode.Dissolved nutrients were investigated in abalone long-line mariculture area of Sungo Bay in April,June,August,October and December of 2009.Water quality was assessed by organic pollution indices (A) and eutrophication assessment indices(E).Nutrient factors limiting the growth of phytoplankton were assessed by the method of theoretical half-saturation constant(K_s)and stoichiometric ratios.By comparison of nutrients in abalone,kelp and no mariculture areas and the historic data,the environmental influence of abalone longline mariculture was analyzed.Results showed that the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),PO3-4,and SiO2-3 were at the range of 2.73〖CD*2〗9.25 μmol/L,0.086〖CD*2〗0.42 μmol/L,0.91〖CD*2〗18.35 μmol/L,respectively.In April,June and December,A values were lower than 0,water conditions were in good level,in August and October,A values ranged between 0 and 1,water conditions were at preferable level.E values ranged in 0〖CD*2〗0.5,which showed that the nutrient concentration was in the poor nutrient condition.This result suggested that the influence of abalone longline culture on the water quality was limited.However,there were some extent variations between different areas in the nutrients concentration,nutrients structure and seasonal changing trend.P might be the key limitation in the monitoring area.From the historic changing trend,ammonium and DIN enrichment in abalone area in August should be paid more attention to.