Abstract:To obtain useful information about the mechanism of the artificial induction of gynogenesis in Haliotis diversicolor, we observed the cytological images of diploid control group, triploid group，haploid gynogenetic group and diploid gynogenetic group during meiosis and first cleavage. After incorporated into the egg cytoplasm, the UV-irradiated sperm nuclei could activate eggs to complete meiosis, and sperm nuclei discondensed gradually, liquefied and expanded. Most sperm nuclei eventually developed into the male pronuclei, just like the normal sperms, except sperm nuclei in a few zygotes kept dense throughout the fertilization process. Dense chromosome body (DCB) was seen at the nuclear area during the prophase of first mitosis, and in the middle of spindle at metaphase of first mitosis. At completion of cytokinesis of first cleavage, the DCB was seen in the cytoplasm of one of the two blastmeres near the cleavage furrow. In the CB-treated group, both sets of female chromosomes hold in cytoplasm for chromosomes segregated as in normal zygote but the cytoplasm division was inhibited, formed two chromatin body and eventually developed into two pronuclei.

Abstract:Abstract: Bigeye tuna Thunnuns Obesus is one of key species caught by Chinese tuna longline fleets. Its spatial distribution in relation to environmental factors is highlighted by international organizations and researchers. The aim of this study is to present the analysis of correlation between hooking rates of bigeye tuna longline and environmental factors in the Indian Ocean. Three environmental variables including temperature, temperature difference and dissolved oxygen difference are used to fit habitat suitability model in order to explain the distribution pattern of bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean. Function expressions of hooking rates and environmental factors are estimated by quantile regression. Data predicted by optimum upper boundary quantile curves are fitted to the habitat suitability model to display quarterly distribution of bigeye tuna via visualization of Surfer 8.0. The optimum upper boundary quantile curves for temperature (T)-hooking rate (HR), temperature difference (dT)-HR and dissolved oxygen difference (dO)-HR are in the following , and , respectively. Habitat suitability index is above 0.9 within 10°N~10°S, 0.8~0.9 in the north of 10°N and within 10°S~15°S, 0.7~0.8 within 15°S~40°S, and below 0.6 in the south of 40°S. However, a mass of waters occurs seasonally within 50°E~90°E,15°S~25°S where habitat suitability index is less than 0.7. The habitat suitability model indicates the reliable results and could be improved by integrating more interactive variables. It is proved in this study that quantile regression is a useful way to investigate correlation between organism and limiting ecological factors. Key words：Thunnus obesus; quantile regression; habitat suitability index (HSI); Indian Ocean

Abstract:The digital analysis technique of sperm quality assessment in fish has provided reliable reference evidences for the effects and the damage mechanism of cryopreservation, genetics and breeding, etc. From the study using fish color sperm image analysis systems (FSQAS－2000) conducted on the cryopreserved sperm of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), Amur Sturgeon (A. schrenckii), Siberian Sturgeon (A. baerii) and Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) under different activating mediums, the most parameters, including the curvilinear velocity (VCL), the straight line velocity (VSL), the angular path velocity (VAP), angular displacement (MAD) and percentage of motile sperm, etc. were compared for the first time in china. And the influences which different activating medium consisted of different osmolality, pH and concentration of Mg2+ made on the parameters were also analyzed in the study. Our results indicated that: First, the osmolality of activating medium for the sturgeons mentioned above was quite low, among them, the lowest for Siberian Sturgeon (10mOsm.kg-1), the highest for Paddlefish (30mOsm.kg-1), the middle for Chinese sturgeon and Amur Sturgeon (20mOsm.kg-1). Second, it had a significant (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01）influence on VCL, VSL, VAP and percentage of motile sperm in cryopreserved samples. Third, pH of activating medium had the most significant difference on MAD (P≤0.01) among the parameters, and it was lower and MAD was lager. Fourth, the most appropriate pH was 7.5 for Siberian Sturgeon and 8.5 for Chinese sturgeon, Amur Sturgeon and Paddlefish. And last, the velocities (VCL, VSL, VAP) had significant increases (P≤0.01), when MgCl2 (5 mmol.L-1) was added into activating medium. In conclusion, the appropriate activating mediums for the cryopreserved sperm of Siberian Sturgeon, Chinese sturgeon and Amur Sturgeon, Paddlefish were 10 mmol.L-1 Tris-HCl＋5 mmol.L-1 MgCl2, pH7.5, 20 mmol.L-1 Tris-HCl＋5 mmol.L-1 MgCl2, pH8.5, 30 mmol.L-1 Tris-HCl＋5 mmol.L-1 MgCl2, pH8.5, respectively. Using the mediums to activate sperm, there were highly positive linear correlations（P＜0.01）in percentage of motile sperm between prefreeze and post-thaw sperm, which R2 was 0.83, 0.99, 0.96, 0.95 for Siberian Sturgeon, Chinese sturgeon, Amur Sturgeon and Paddlefish, respectively.

Abstract:Separation effect of protein hydrolysates by ultrafiltration membrane system with 3,000, 6,000, 10,000, 30,000 Daltons molecular-weight-cut-off (MWCO) membranes, and the inhibitory ability (I%) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of filtrate fraction by Sephadex G-25 and Sephadex G-15 filtration chromatography were investigated, respectively. The results showed that different composition could be separated from hydrolysates with different MWCO membranes and different size peptide had great different ACE inhibitory ability. The smaller MWCO of ultrafiltration membranes, the higher ACE inhibitory ability of the fraction. The filtrate from the 3,000 Daltons MWCO membrane had a much higher ACE inhibitory ability, I％=96.17％ and IC50=0.078 mg·mL-1, than that from other MWCO membrane. The average molecular of two group peptides separated by Sephadex G-25 and Sephadex G-15 filtration chromatography followed by separation from the hydrolysates with 3,000 Daltons MWCO membrane, which possessed the highest ACE inhibitory ability (IC50 0.026 mg·mL-1 and 0.012 mg·mL-1), were 1,300 and 900 Daltons, respectively.

Abstract:[Abstract] Background - In the early eighties, shark cartilage has been revealed to contain a protein, an angiogenesis inhibitor that significantly inhibits the development of blood vessels that nourish solid tumors, thereby restraining tumor growth (1). Since then, it has generated intense interest in both public and medical circles. Objective - The aim of this study was to determine the method of isolation and characterization of the angiogenesis inhibitor, and identify the bioactivity of angiogenesis inhibitor derived from the Dasyatis akajei cartilage. Design - In this view, we study in detail the method of purification and characterization the bioactivity of a novel angiogenesis inhibitory factor derived from the Dasyatis akajei cartilage (DCAIF-I). By the 1.0mol/L guanidinium chloride extract of Dasyatis akajei cartilage, the extraction was then purified by Hitrap DEAE FF ion exchange chromatography, Superdex 75 10/300 GL gel filtration, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The bioactivity of the products obtained is identified by the model of inhibiting the formation of the blood vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo. Statistical analysis of blood vessels of DCAIF-I was used to quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of DCAIF-I. Outcomes - The pure inhibitor was homogeneous as a single band on a coomasie brilliant blue-stained 12% SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. DCAIF-I was a novel angiogenesis inhibitory factor which has a molecular weight about of 62kD. The results of bioactivity identification of angiogenesis inhibitory factor indicates that the large area of blood vessels in active substance groups have heavy loss of color, vascular structure blurred with broken branches, accompanied by the decreased density of vessels. In control group, the leaflike vascular net is clear and grew radiatively. Quantitative analysis blood vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos (CAM) indicate that DCAIF-I can strongly inhibited to the angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos (CAM), 1µg of DCAIF-I inhibited angiogenesis in 56% of the eggs. There also has positive relation between the dosage and the effect. Conclusions - The results from the present study indicated that the DCAIF-I from Dasyatis akajei cartilage has angiogenesis inhibitory effect, and there also has a positive relation between the concentration and inhibitory effect.Therefore it is hoped that this angiogenesis inhibitor may provide a novel treatment for patients with malignancies, and perhaps even for those with nonmalignancies.It will be helpful for our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of this angiogenesis inhibitor from Dasyatis akajei. Key words： Dasyatis akajei cartilage, isolation, angiogenesis inhibitor, chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane,Tumor therapy

Abstract:Ratmouth barbell (Ptychio jordani Myers) is a member of the family Cyprinidae and mainly distributes in Pear River of southern China, especially in Xijiang River – the branch of Pearl River. It has high values for food and for aquaculture in China. In this paper, the morphology and karyotype of ratmouth barbell collected from Pearl River were studied and analyzed. More than 450 individuals length from 165mm to 236mm and weight from 167.8g to 586.3g were collected from Pearl River in Zhaoqian, Yunan, Guiping and Liuzhou. Two kinds of shape of ratmouth barbell were found. One has a high back mainly come from Guiping and lower reaches of Pearl River and another has a calm back come from Liuzhou and upper reaches of Pearl River. There are three different colors, milk-white and yellow and brown, at abdomen of ratmouth barbell. No sexual differences in morphology were found. The mouth of ratmouth barbell is on the base of head and roll inside. The pharynx teeth are powerful and scale is middling size. The scale formula on lateral line is 37～46,5～8/5～6-A. Stomach is thin and the length of intestines is 1.36～1.51times of body length. There are 14 pairs ribs and 38～40 vertebras. The number of diploid chromosome is 2n=50 and the karyotype formula is 12m+16sm+18st+4t, NF=78.

Abstract:First of all, the development of aquaculture biotechnology in the world was briefly reviewed, mainly including gene cloning, gene transfer, chromosome manipulation, polyploid induction, gynogenesis and sex control in fish. Secondly, the development and achievement of aquaculture biotechnology recently in China were presented, including the screening and cloning of functional genes in aquaculture animals, the screening and application of molecular marker, breeding by gene engineering and cell engineering, culture of fish embryo stem cell and the establishment of cells library, products of gene engineering for fishery, vaccine development, the cryopreservation of fish sperm and embryo, and so on. Thirdly, the problem and deficiency of the development and research in aquaculture biotechnology in China were pointed out by comparing with the development abroad. Finally, the trend of aquaculture biotechnology was prospected, moreover, the trend and key points of research in 5 to 10 years in China were suggested.

Abstract:Skin mucus immunoglobulin was purified by the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation, HiTrap rProteinA Sepharose affinity chromatography and Sepharose 4B linked with mouse monoclonal antibody against serum IgM affinity chromatography from Siniperca chuatsi immersed with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) strain GYK1. And partial characteristics of purified proteins were analyzed and compared by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. The results revealed that most proteins in mucus were precipitated by 50% ammonium sulfate solution, so it can only be a crude method. Determined by SDS-PAGE, Siniperca chuatsi skin mucus immunoglobulin purified by Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography has only two bands of 72 kD and 29 kD, the same two bands as which in serum. Besides the heavy chain (72 kD) and the light chain (29 kD) mentioned above, the immunoglobulin purified by HiTrap rProteinA, has a 43 kD protein band, which maybe another kind of heavy chain. Western-blot analysis showed that the rabbit polyclonal antibody can recognize bands of 72kD and 43 kD. The experiment also proved that both the methods of HiTrap rProteinA and Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography were effective to purify proteins in small quantity, whereas the contents were relatively low.

Abstract:Abstract: A cDNA library of Vibrio alginolyticus mRNA with poly(A) tracts was constructed and identified by restriction display- polymerase chain reaction (RD-PCR). After being selected and screened, bioinformatics of 53 clones were analyzed. The results showed that some genes such as translocation protein in type III secretion, type III secretory pathway component EscU, putative chemotaxis transducer and secreted trypsin-like serine protease were identified, which indicated a high quality cDNA. The applied value of RD-PCR in construction of cDNA library of Vibrio alginolyticus mRNA with poly(A) tracts was also analyzed in this research. Key words:cDNA library; restriction display-PCR(RD-PCR); Vibrio alginolyticus

Abstract:Yellow grouper Epinephelus awoara is a economically important marine fish mainly distributed in Pacific-northwest , Pacific-western central and South China, but the number of its population extremely decreased due to overfishing of grouper adults and juveniles, habitat damage and loss from bottom trawling, pollution, high demand for food and so on these years. E. awoara was listed in the 2005 IUCN Red List as a specie with DD(data deficient). Since molecular markers are very useful tools to estimate germplasm resources, variety identification, genetic diversity analysis and preparation of genetic linkage map, the microsatellites of E. awoara were isolated and thus its micosatellite markers and genetic diversity were analysed. Firstly a library of partial small size fractionated genomic DNA was constructed with the E. awoara from South China Sea. 96 microsatellites in 28 recombinant positive clones were obtained through PCR screening the library with M13 universal primers and simple tandem repeats primer (CA)15. Among these microsatellites, there were 39 perfect ones (40.6%), 30 imperfect ones (31.3%), 7 compound perfect ones (7.3%) and 20 compound imperfect ones (20.8%). The results indicated that microsatellite sequences characterized by (CA/GT)n were abundant in genomic DNA of E. awoara. 26 of 28 pairs of primers which were designed to analyze genomic DNA of E. awoara according to unique microsatellite flanking sequences with the software Primer 5.0 could be amplified expected bands, and of which 13 microsatellite markers were assessed genetic diversity for 19 individuals. As a consequence, the data showed that the average observed heterozygosity (Ho), average expected heterozygosity (He), average polymorphism information content (PIC) and average Hardy-Weinberg departure value (D) of E. awoara was 0.5982, 0.5080, 0.4722 and 0.1503 respectively. The findings indicated that although the genetic diversity of E. awoara in South China Sea was rich, but it had been influenced by human behaviors to a certain extent.

Abstract:Abstract： Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of crystalline or coated amino acids on growth performance and serum free amino acids of allogynogenetic crucian carp. In Exp.1, five diets, including high or low fish meal diets (containing18% or 9% fish meal, respectively), low fish meal diet added with 0.23% Lys and 0.09% Met of crystalline, dextrin coated and starch coated styles, were designed to feed allogynogenetic crucian carp fingerling with initial body weight of 2.48g for 6 weeks. Growth rates of the five groups were 214.3%, 169.8%, 173.3%, 204.7%, 203.2% respectively. Compared with low fish meal control diet, there was no significant effect of adding crystalline amino acid on growth performance, but growth rate was improved by 20.5%, 19.7%( P <0.05) and feed coefficient was decreased by 0.40, 0.39(P <0.05) by adding dextrin or starch coated amino acid. In Exp.2, basal diet (6% fish meal) was added without or with 0.21% Lys and 0.08% Met of crystalline, dextrin coated and starch coated styles. Then serum free amino acids were determined 1, 3, 5, 12h after allogynogenetic crucian carp (body weight of 220g) intaking diets. Results showed that serum free amino acids absorbing peak value were advanced by adding crystalline amino acids, but delayed by adding coated amino acids compared with crystalline amino acid. Results above showed that crystalline amino acids’ absorbing velocity in digestive tract could be delayed and their availability improved by coating with dextrin or starch. Key words: allogynogenetic crucian carp; crystalline amino acid; coated amino acids; growth; serum free amino acid

Abstract:With the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis method, forty tenbase arbitrary primers were used to study genetic variance of 9 F1 stocks produced from hybriding three geographical populations of Hyriopsis cumingii from Dongting Lake(DD), Poyang Lake(PP) and Taihu Lake(TT). The amplified results of thirteen primers were stably and clearly endowed with abundant stock polymorphy, and each primer could gain 2-17 fragments (200-3000 bp) in the 40 primers. Proportion of polymorphy was from 55% to 100%. AMOVA of 9 stocks indicated that 7.15% genetic variance was from intrastock and 92.85% from interstock. Fixation index (Fst), the three lower were DP and PD(0.013)，TP and TT(0.020) and TP and TD(0.026)，the 4 higher were as follows: PT and DT(0.165)>TT and PT(0.153) >〖JP〗TD and PT (0.150)> DD and PT(0.137). Inter stock gene diversity (π) was as follows:TP(0.335)>TD(0.317)>TT(0.308)>PD(0.300)>DP(0.298)>PP(0.297)>DT (0.291)>PT(0.291)>DD(0.269).

Abstract:Jian carps were developed by comprehensive breeding technique as a new variety with fast growth, efficient feed conversion, strong disease resistance, high market value, and excellent hereditary properties, and are considered a commercially important teleost for inland culture in China. The expriment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary hight levels vitamin A on growth performance, feed utilization and immune responses in juvenile Cyprinus carpio var. jian. Prior to the formulation of diets, vitamin A contents of ingredients were analyzed fluorimetrically and vitamin A was found to be absent in the fishmeal, rice protein meal, а- starch, the soya oil. Five diets with increasing dietary vitamin A concentration (3 969 IU·kg-1,23 816 IU·kg-1,39 693 IU·kg-1,99 233 IU·kg-1 and 158 773 IU·kg-1, respectively) were randomly fed to triplicate groups of 40 fish (initial mean weight 11.37 ± 0.55g) each for 70 days. Juvenile Jian carps were obtained from a local commercial farm and stocked in the glass tanks for 2 weeks prior to the trial. At the beginning of the experiment, all fish in good health and condition were stocked in each aquarium (80 × 55 × 30 cm3).All dry ingredients were finely ground, carefully weighed and mixed thoroughly in a Hobart mixer. Vitamin A was pre- added in an oil mixer. The wet mash of even consistency was cold- extruded through a pelletizer with a 2- mm diameter die. The dry pellets were placed in covered plastic bags and stored frozen at -20℃ until fed. Each replicate was provided with flow – through tap water (2 liter min-1), constant aeration and cleaned as needed. Initial daily ration was 3 – 4% of the body weight and adjusted according to feeding response. Based on visual observation, fish were fed by hand to apparent satiety twice per day in two equal portions at 0900 and 1500 h over a 10- minute period. Water quality parameters were monitored twice weekly. Water temperature was maintained at 21℃; dissolved oxygen ≥ 5.0 mg l-1; total ammonia- nitrogen 0.025 - 0.042 mg l-1. At the termination of the growth trial, ten fish with similar body weight were obtained from every tank and moved to the same tank, acclimated to the culture condition for five days prior to infection and maintained at 25℃ and kept another 15- days challenge trial. The challenge bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila, stored at -70℃ until use. The control group (non- infected group) was injected i.p. with 0.5 ml 0.9% NaCl fish-1. The fish were observed daily and moribund fish were recorded from the aquaria for the subsequent 15 days. A vaccination trial was conducted following the 70- day growth trial. At the termination of the growth trial, 12 disease – free fish with similar body weight in each tank were obtained pooled by diet and cultured in one tank maintained at 25℃ during the following 24- day vaccination experiment. Fish were acclimated to the vaccination trial culture condition for five days prior to immunization. Daily feeding and management were the same as in the growth trial. The results showed: weight gain, protein retention rate(PRR), hepatopancrease weight, intestinal folds hight, spleen index,blood hematocyte and leukocyte counts, serum lysozyme activity and serum antibody level at 17d and 24d after vaccination against Aeromonas hydrophila decreasing significantly in fish fed dietary hypervitaminosis vitamin A (158 773 IU·kg-1) (P<0.05), feed conversion efficiency, vitamin A contend in hepatopancrease increasing significantly were determined in fish feeding hypervitaminosis vitamin A (P<0.05), but were not significant differences in survival rate, feed intake, head kidney weight, post kidneyindex and serum antibody level at 0d and 10d after vaccination against Aeromonas hydrophila between five groups (P>0.05). Based on growth performance, feed utilization and immune response, it was toxic to juvenile Jian carps when diet contained vitamin A 158 773 IU·kg-1.

Abstract:Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the most important clam species cultured in China. By observing gonadal development of Manila clam from different areas under controlled water temperatures, we could forecast and control the spawning time. Manila clam was sampled in Dalian and Fujian in March，2004．Wamed them in indoor ponds to ripe with the same condition．Shell size and weight were measured．We reseached the histology of its gonad develepment and the relationship between periodic variation of histology with gonad development and effective accumulated temperature．The gonads were fixed with Bouin’s solution，and tissue sections were stained with H•E solution．Taking micrography pictures to show the gonad development of the Manila clam in Dalian was divided into five sections：spent stage，early active stage，later active stage，mature stage，spawned stage．The gonad development of the Manila clam in Fujian was also divided into five sections：early active stage，later active stage，mature stage，spawned stage，degegerating stage．The relationship of gonad develepment with effective accumulated temperature was discussed in this paper．It was indicated that the effective accumulated temperature of gonad development of the Manila clam in Fujian and Dalian were 190.1℃•d and 331.8℃•d，respectively．

Abstract:Abstract: Eriocheir sinensis is a important aquaculture specie in China. Although significant advances have been made in the hatchery technology of this specie during the last years, the quality and quantity of larvae is still variable in many artificial hatcheries. The study was conducted to compare the reproductive performance and larval quality of two group females(Eriocheir sinensis) bred by two methods(enriching breeding and normal breeding )—GroupⅠ: female broodstocks were fed experimental artificial diets(rich with HUFA, phospholipid, cholesterol, vitamins C and vitamins E et al) during ovarian development (GSI from 2.4% to 12.27%) , GroupⅡ: broodstock females Eriocheir sinensis were directly obtained from crab ponds (without previous nutritional enrichment) before mating, the fatty acids of two originating Z1 were also analyzed by gas chromatograph to evaluate the larval quality. The results showed that there were no significant difference on survival rate and spawning rate, while groupⅠhad higher gonadosomatic index（GSI）, hepatosomatic index(HSI), egproduction.ind.-1, and reproductive performance than those of groupⅡ. The fertilizing rate and hatching rate of egg originating from GroupⅠwere slightly higher than those of GroupⅡ. The carapace length, metamorphic speed and stress resistance ability of Z1 produced by Group Ⅰwere higher than those of GroupⅡ, this could be responded to high HUFA content in former Z1 of GroupⅠ. From the outdoor experiments of larval breeding, the larval quality and production produced by GroupⅠfemales were much better than those of Group Ⅱ, the survival rate (from Z1 to megalopa) of GroupⅠ was also significantly higher than those of Group Ⅱ, with a shorter larval breeding time in group Ⅰ.According to the results, It comes to the conclusion that the reproductive performance and larval quality of Eriocheir sinensis could be improved by enriching broodstock, the pond-reared broodstock(Eriocheir sinensis) should be enriched from September. Key words: Eriocheir sinensis; broodstock breeding; reproductive performance; larval quality; fatty acids composition

Abstract:The present work was concerned with the olpidiops-disease of Porphyra yezoensis which occurred in southern part of Jiangsu province from 2004 to 2005. The research of the symptom and course of this disease was performed to affirm that the pathogen is Olpidiopsis sp.. The experiment of the effect of a series of different factors such as temperature and density on this disease was also conducted, the results shows that high temperature, high salinity and high density all accelerate the infection of the pathogen, and that properly increase the dried time of the thallus could slower the spread of pathogen in a certain extent. So far, frozen-storage net is the primary method in the prevention and cure of this disease. Otherwise, after researching and verifying the data about the classify of fungi, it was found that the Chytridiales and Olpidiopsis belong to different orders, so the name of this disease should be corrected from Chytrid-disease to olpidiops-disease.

Abstract:Wheat basal diet was control. The tested diets were wheat basal diet added with different levels of xylanase(0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% respectively). Each treatment was devised with 5 repeats and each repeat had 40 male Oreochromis niloticus. The fish in floating cages were fed to satiation for 75 days. The content of blood glucose in serum of 10 fishes from each treat was measured. The total RNA was extracted from the sample’s fore-gut and mid-gut with spin column total RNA extract kit. The SGLT1 expression was relatively quantified by means of RT-PCR. The results showed that, the xylanase could up-regulate SGLT1 expression of fore-gut, the amount of SGLT1 mRNA relative expression of 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% groups had increased by 19.28% (P<0.05), 42.17% (P<0.01) and 16.87% (P<0.05) over the control. As for the content of blood glucose, the control group was only 5.56mmol•L-1 when fed 2 hours later, the test groups which with xylanase supplement were influenced significantly at the same time. The blood glucose content of 0.10% group was higher significantly than that of the control (P<0.01). The weight gain rate of 0.05% and 0.10% groups were increased by 8.25% and 17.45% respectively (P<0.01), which were higher than that of the control, but it has no significant difference between 0.15% group and the control. So the conclusion is that adding appropriate amount xylanase to wheat basal diet can significantly up-regulate SGLT1 expression of fore-gut and serum glucose level, and promote the growth of Oreochromis niloticus. In this study we firstly investigated the influences of xylanase on Oreochromis niloticus’s SGLT1 expression. The quantification of SGLT1 carrier proteins expression would be further probed into in the future.

Abstract:A 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary supplementation of housefly larva meal and β-glucan on growth and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (D1-D5) were formulated. D1, a practical diet, was served as a control. D2 and D3 were formulated respectively replacing 5% and 3% fish meal with housefly larva meal. D4 and D5 were formulated respectively replacing 0.5% and 1% wheat flour with βglucan preparation containing 25% β-1,3-glucan. Each diet was randomly assigned to 3 replicate cages (33 cm×80 cm×100 cm), which were set up in a 12 m3 indoor tank with a recirculation system. 60 juvenile shrimp (mean body length 1.5 cm) were stocked in each cage. The shrimp were fed to apparent satiation four times daily. At the end of the feeding experiment, body weights, survivals and feed conversion ratios were calculated, and blood samples from each group were collected to determine serum nonspecific immunological parameters and biochemical parameters. At the same time, a challenge test was conducted among some of the shrimp from each treatment by abdominal injection of Vibrio alginolyticus. The results of the feeding experiment showed that there were no significant differences in the body weight, survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the treatments (P＞0.05). The examination of some nonspecific immunological activities in serum revealed that there were significant differences (P＜0.05) in phenoloxidas (PO) activity while there was no rule to be found, and there were no significant differences (P＞0.05) in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and that D1 led to a significantly higher lysozyme activity than the other treatments (P＜0.05). The serum biochemical indexes indicated that the values of glutamatepyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase with D1 treatment were significantly higher than those of the others (P＜0.05). The challenge test showed that the first twoday accumulative mortality with D1 treatment was much significantly higher than those with the others (P＜0.01), and then the mortalities tended to be stable after the fourth day. The final accumulative challenge mortality (53.3%) of D1 treatment was significantly higher than that (33.3%) of D2 treatment and that (37.8%) of D5 treatment (P＜0.05). This study suggested that dietary supplements of housefly larva meal and βglucan enhanced disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei to vibrio to some extent, but did not exert positive effects on the growth and feed conversion.

Abstract:The Artemia nauplii were cultivated with three different conditions, fed with the algae (Platymonas subcordiformis) (E-algae), the yeast (E-yeast), enriched with fish oil (E-oil) for 12 h and a control (starved for 12 h), and then were fed to Oratosquilla kempi larvae. After that, the Ammonia toxicity, Salinity stress, formalin toxicity, starvation tolerance test and digestive enzyme activities (lipase, amylase, Cellulase, Pepsin and tryptase) of different Oratosquilla kempi larvae were examined. The results showed that the tolerances of the E-oil third phase and infant larvae were more elevated than the E-yeast, E-algae and control. Larvae were exposed during 2h to Ammonia, Salinity, formalin and starvation. Based on mortality rates, the median lethal concentration for 50% of the population (LC50) was estimated. As expected from earlier work, larvae fed the optimal diet presented higher n-3 HUFA contents as well as higher Survival and metamorphosis rates. Lipase of the third phase larvae were observed. Higher activities were observed in the E-algae and E-oil larvae which were thrice that of the control. The higher activities of the infant larvae were found in the E-yeast and E-oil, but no lipase activities were found in the E-yeast third phase and E-algae infant larvae, respectively. The highest amylase activities were found in both the E-algae third phase and infant larvae, which were around 69% and 175% higher than the E-oil third phase and infant larvae, respectively. The highest Cellulase activities were observed in the E-yeast third phase and E-oil infant larvae, respectively. The secretion of Pepsin and tryptase were elevated in the E-algae, E-yeast and E-oil infant larvae groups compared to the control, but the highest Pepsin and tryptase activities of the third phase larvae group were found in the control. The digestive enzyme activities and anti-stress test of Oratosquilla kempi larvae were also related to its survival, metamorphic, growth rates and EPA, DHA compositions, proved to be a valuable and important criterion for evaluating the nutritional condition of diets.

Abstract:Abstract: In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of the dietary intake of levamisole in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), the crab were fed diets containing 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg levamisole kg−1 dry diet for 7 days. The total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phagocytic activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), phenoloxidase (PO) activity and lysozyme (LSZ) activity were examined at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after administration of levamisole. Crab were challenged at 1.2 × 107 colony forming units (cfu) kg−1 crab weight with a virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila (CL99920) of E. sinensis at 4 weeks after administration of levamisole, and mortalities were recorded over a 10-day period. The results demonstrate that crab treated with levamisole showed significantly higher THC, the amount of hyaline cells (HC), phagocytic percentage (PP), respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), PO activity and LSZ activity than those of the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences in the amount of granular cells (GC) and phagocytic index (PI) of haemocyte among the crab fed with diets containing 0 (control) and those fed with diets at 100, 200 or 300 mg levamisole kg−1 dry die (P>0.05). Furthermore, the levamisole treated E. sinensis were the more resistant. It was concluded that E. sinensis that were fed with diets at 100, 200 or 300 mg levamisole kg−1 dry die showed increased immune ability as well as resistance to A. hydrophila infection. Under the experimental condition, the optimum dose of dietary intake of levamisole should be 200 mg levamisole kg−1 dry diet. Keywords: Eriocheir sinensis; levamisole; immune response; disease resistance; Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract:In the light of the territorial sea system established by convention on the territorial sea and the contiguous zone signed in 1958 and United Nations convention on the law of the sea signed in 1982, coastal states enjoy the exclusive fishing rights in their territorial sea. Before 1980s, traditional fishing rights were confirmed by most of coastal states after the long discussion and practice in the world. In other words, Although coastal states enjoy preferential rights in their exclusive fishing zones or other zones under their jurisdiction, other states still enjoy fishing rights in the above zones because their nationals were accustomed to fish in the past long time. However, the exclusive economic zone system established by United Nations convention on the law of the sea disconfirms the traditional fishing rights. In consideration of status of the traditional fishing rights in the exclusive economic zone system, when delimitates the maritime boundaries with relevant states in east China sea and yellow sea, China should stress the following main factors in order to strive for gains as much as possible, such as geology, geography, length of coastal line, reasonable reservation of fishery resources, equal exploitation to fishery resources, especially stress economic impacts on China. Key words: traditional fishing rights; exclusive fishing zone; exclusive economic zone(EEZ); delimitation of maritime boundary

Abstract:Abstract: A survey on tuna fishing ground has been carried out on board of 3 longliners owned by China National Fisheries Cooperation, in the high seas of the Central Atlantic Ocean from July 4th to October 27th, 2001. The relationship models between the catch rate of the different water layer ( 60m interval between 2 water layers), nominal catch rate and the environmental factors , i.e temperature, salinity and relative current velocity, were developed based on the field measured data, i.e environmental factors of the fishing ground ,fishing parameter and fisheries statistical data. They were developed by applying the habitat suitability index (HSI) model and combining the quantile regression considering the different weight of the different environmental factors and the interaction among them . Habitat environment integration index (HEII ) of bigeye tuna were estimated by these models. HEII maps of bigeye tuna were also built using the GIS software Marine Explore 4.0. The results suggest (1) From 180m to 240m, was relatively lower (<0.6) except the central area (>0.6); (2) From 240 to 300m, was relatively higher (>0.6) in the south of the 6ºN , otherwise, relatively lower in the north of the 6ºN ; (3) From 300 to 360m, was relatively lower (<0.3) except the south area (around 4ºS，23ºW); (4) In the south of the 7º N, was higher (>0.6) in dominate except a part of area (around 5ºN，22ºW; 2ºS，17ºW and 2ºS，23ºW,<0.5). Key words: Thunnus obesus; habitat environment integration index (HEII); quantile regression; the high seas of the Central Atlantic Ocean