• Volume 31,Issue 4,2007 Table of Contents
    Select All
    Display Type: |
    • >PAPERS
    • Identification and biological characteristics of pathogen RH2 associated with skin ulceration of cultured Apostichopus japonicus

      2007, 31(4):504-511. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (2122) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2200) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Three bacterial strains named RH1,RH2 and RH3 were isolated from the cultured sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) with skin ulceration. The strain RH2 was proved to be a pathogen by soaking with suspension of bacteria, coelome injection and muscle injection, the LD50 does was 5.68×106CFU/per sea cucumber, and it was proved that soaking with suspension of bacteria and coelome injection could not infect the sea cucumber successfully. By methods of morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristic analysis, RH2 was identified as Vibrio alginolyticus. 16S rRNA gene and 60 KD heat shock protein (HSP60) gene sequence detection further proved that strain RH2 belonged to V. alginolyticus. Phylogenetic tree of Vibrio based on 16S rRNA gene and HSP60 gene both indicated that strain RH2 showed the highest level of similarity to V. alginolyticus, and it’s bootstrap was 50% and 99%, respectively. The optimum salinity and temperature for strain RH2 was 25~35 and 14~22℃, the optimum pH was 7.2~8.0. The results of sensitivity to 18 kinds of antibacterial agents showed that strain RH2 was sensitive to norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazolum and spectinomycine. Key words: Apostichopus japonicus;skin ulceration;Vibrio alginolyticus;16S rRNA gene;HSP60 gene;biological characteristic

    • Study on preparation and the physical and chemical characterization of antihypertensive peptides from fish protein by enzymatic hydrolysis

      2007, 31(4):512-517. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (14310) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (7309) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:China is the rich country of fishery on fresh water, the yearly output of fresh water fish is 19.188 million tons, approximately occupy 40% of the total fish output. The main kinds of fish are the silver carp, variegated carp and grass carp. The processing proportion reaches above 75% in developed country, and there is only 30% in our country at present. The fresh water fish are sold primarily fresh with the low price, which has seriously affected the sustainable development of fresh water fishery. Not only have antihypertensive peptides from protein of fresh water fish the advantage of protein, but also they have the character of acid and hot stability as well as the better solubility and unique antihypertensive function, it is easier to digest and absorption than the protein and its amino acid. So It will be the future for deeply processing fresh water fish that fish protein was utilized to prepare for antihypertensive peptides by biological technology. In the paper grass carp protein was hydrolyzed by alcalase and angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme inhibitory activities was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography for preparing fish antihypertensive peptides. The results indidated that appropriate hydrolysis conditions for alcalase were pH9.0, 50℃, ratio of alcalase to grass carp protein with 48 AU.kg-1, DH34.52%. The analyzing results of components showed that fish antihypertensive peptides made at the same hydrolysis conditions contained 81.26% of soluble N, 72.81% of peptides, 0.12% of fat, 3.54% of water and 9.47% of ash. Angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of fish antihypertensive peptides was 70.35%; Its relative molecular weight assayed by size exclusion chromatography distributed from 124 to 10581, and mainly from 124 to 1062. Solubility of antihypertensive peptides from grass carp protein was analyzed during pH3 and pH11, the result showed that its solubility with 96.0% around was steady, and fish antihypertensive peptides could be extensively used in the food. Key words: grass carp; antihypertensive peptides; alcalase; high-performance liquid chromatography; molecular weight; size exclusion chromatography

    • Studies on calcium-activated potassium channel expressed by the neurosecretory cells of Medulla Terminalia X-organ in the eyestalks of Eriocheir sinensis

      2007, 31(4):417-422. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (2179) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2166) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Inside-out patch clamp technique was used to study the properties of calcium-activated potassium channel(BK Ca)of neurosecretory cells dissociated from Medulla Terminalia X-organ(MTXO) of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Calcium-activated potassium channel was observerd in symmertrical high potassium solutions (200 mmol•L-1),and the single channel showed rapid-open rectangle waves with different durations and had a conductance of (213.4±11.2) pS. At a series of the membrane potentials (from -80 to +80 mV), the current amplitude and the open state probability of single channel presented obviously voltage-dependent. In addition, the open state probability of single channel also increased in proportion to Ca2+ concentration in the bath solution, indicating that the single channel was obviously sensitive to intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, drug sensitivity testing revealed that tetraethylammonium (TEA, 80 mmol•L-1) could completely block the single channel. The experiments suggested that BKCa channel of neurosecretory cells dissociated from MTXO of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is voltage-dependent with a large conductance and is sensitive to Ca2+ and TEA. Key words: Eriocheir sinensis; medulla terminalia X-organ; neurosecretory cell; calcium-activated potassium channel; patch clamp

    • Extraction purification and analysis of superoxide dismutase

      2007, 31(4):518-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2540) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2262) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this paper, extracted conditions, purified and character analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Hybrid tilapia(Oreochromisniloticus×Oreochromisaurea) liver with heat treatment, followed by acetone precipitation and HitrapTM Q FF anion chromatography were studied. The results showed that the fine SOD extracting conditions were: Joins 10mmol/L CuCl2 in the cushion fluid, and adjust pH 5.6, heat treatment temperature 65℃. The yield of rough SOD is 57% and specific activity is 2580±6U·mg-1.The purified SOD obtained from tilapia liver is pale blue –green in color and specific activity is 4895±2 U·mg-1. It is a sole proteinase belt and the molecular weight is 36000 daltons as determined with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. There is a special ultraviolet absorption spectrum at 265nm. It is stable below 75℃ and at pH6.0~9.0. The effects of some inhibitors on the activity of Cu,Zn-SOD showed that the potassium cyanide, urea, β-mercaptoethanol, hydrogen peroxide and EDTA (which concentration is above 3 mmol·L-1 )can obvious inhibit the enzyme, EDTA (which concentration is below 3 mmol·L-1) and DDT can activate the enzyme. Further work should be carried out on the sequences of the enzymes and the applications. Key words: hybrid tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus♀×Oreochromis aurea♂); liver; superoxide dismutase(SOD); heat treatment; purification

    • Molecular cloning of a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP) from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle

      2007, 31(4):423-430. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (2381) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2345) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP) is a recently identified serine proteinase, which is responsible for myofibrillar protein degradation and gel softing in the preparation of fish cakes. However, the full-length sequence of MBSP has never been reported. In the present study, degenerate primers were designed according to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of carp MBSP and well-conserved active site motif of serine proteinases. Based on RT-PCR and PCR amplification of the cDNA fragment from N-terminal to active site motif and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) of the 3’- and 5’- regions, the full-length cDNA of MBSP was confirmed. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of carp MBSP revealed that the cDNA clone has an open reading frame of 732 bp encoding a protein of 243 amino acid residues and a signal peptide of 21 amino acid residues. Three residues (His61, Asp107 and Ser197) forming the typical catalytic triad of serine proteinases for functional activity were conserved in the polypeptide sequence. Mature MBSP contains 222 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of about 24.5 kDa, which is smaller than its native protein (30 kDa). The estimated pI of mature MBSP is 10.43. Sequence alignment showed that carp MBSP has identities of 80.6% to crucian carp MBSP, 55.8% to porcine trypsin, 55.3% to bovine trypsin, 53.9% to flounder trypsin and 39.2% to a chymotrypsin type serine proteinase mekratin, which is from the skeletal muscle of hamster. The high content (11.93%) of Lys residue distinguished carp MBSP from other serine proteinases and which may account for its myofibril-binding characteristic. Key words: Cyprinus carpio; cloning; MBSP; homology

    • Sterilization of precooked peeled shrimp using high pressure

      2007, 31(4):525-531. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2175) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2199) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The influences of high pressure (HP) on the texture, c olor, moisture content and microbiological activity of precooked peeled produc ts were evaluated. The results of sterilization and the impact on quality of pro duct by HP were evaluated through varied pressure levels and holding pressure ti me. The results show that reduction of E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, sa lmonella and Bacillus subtilis inoculated in shrimps was achieved about 7.1, 7.0, 7.2 and 4.3 logs, respectively at 600 MPa for 20 min. The color of shrimp products is one of the most important sensorial characterist ics for its acceptance by consumers. High pressure has effect on the physical an d chemical properties of precooked peeled products. As the applied pressure in creased, the moisture content and the color L values decreased, and the  a value did not change a lot, while the hardness, spring iness and chewiness increased significantly. During storage at 4 ℃, the hardnes s of HPtreated sample inceased somewhat and springiness almost remained unchan ged, while the a value increased slowly and then decreased signi ficantly .Sensory tests were practiced after the precooked peeled products wit h the treatment at 600 MPa for 15 min stored at 4 ℃ for 120 days, the result sh owed that the samples stored for 60 days were most favorable, and those stored f or 120 days were still acceptable . Key words:high pressure; shrimp; shelflife; sterilization; texture

    • Cryopreservation and nuclear transplantation of Chinese sturgeon’s embryonic cells

      2007, 31(4):431-436. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2471) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2137) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To preserve the genetic resources of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis), a kind of fish on the edge of extinction, its blastula cells and gastrulae cells have been cryopreserved in -196℃ liquid nitrogen and gone through nuclear transplant experiment. 4 cryoprotectant solution, i.e., CP1 (12%D), CP2 (10%P), CP3(8%D+6%E) and CP4(7%+6%E) compound with 3 cryoprotectants, i.e., dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 1,2- propylene glycol (PG) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES), survival rates of cryopreserved cells are 47.4±4.7%, 64.4±3.6%, 54.7±4.7% and 76.7±5.7% respectively. CP4 has the best effect in preservation. It illustrates that non-penetrant cryoprotectant, hydroxyethyl starch, can improve the survival rate of cryopreserved cells. The method of cooling by chilling that cells are put in liquid nitrogen directly after balanced for 30 minutes at a temperature of -7℃ is feasible after two freezing ways are compared. The survival rates of cryopreserved embryonic cells are compared in different development stages, the survival rates of cryopreserved blastula cells and gastrulae cells are 57.1±11.2% and 64.4±11.8%. Results indicated that the survival rates of cryopreserved gastrulae cells are high then blastula cells(P<0.05).With revival blastula cells and gastrulae cells as donors and unfertilized ovums of the Chinese sturgeon as donees, nuclear transplant experiment has been made during which, 469 and 392 ovums were transplanted respectively with a result of 5 and 2 cloned fish, the success rate of nuclear transplant was 1.1% and 0.5%.It proves that genetic resources can be preserved by cryopreserved embryonic cells combined with nuclear transplanting technology. Key words: Acipenser sinensis; embryonic cell; cryopreservation; nuclear transplantation

    • >ROUNDUPS
    • Close hybridization of fish and its application in aquaculture

      2007, 31(4):532-538. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2356) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2650) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Based on large number of research papers, this roundup was described from three aspects: (1) The general situation of studies on close hybridization of fish in China, emphatically introduced 15 kinds of hybrids, varieties and strains obtained by close hybridization, including Feng carp, He-yuan carp, Yue carp, Tri-crossed carp, Furong carp, Jian carp, Cold-resistant strain in purse red carp, Songpu carp, Xing-de carp, Red mirror carp, Blue scale carp and New GIFT tilapia, etc;(2) The application of fish close hybridization in aquaculture, for example the utilization of heterosis, induction of triploid, resistance breeding (cold-resistant, disease-resistant), breeding of new varieties, variety rejuvenation, rescue of rare varieties, and improvement of fish meat materials etc; (3) Some problems on close hybridization of fish, that is correct idea on hybridization, selection and pairs of parent, parental purity and heterosis, application of back cross and multiple cross, it is strictly prohibited for the hybrid to propagate offspring. Key words: China; fish; close hybridization; aquaculture

    • >PAPERS
    • Genetic diversity of three geographical populations of Apostichopus japonicus revealed by microsatellite DNA

      2007, 31(4):437-442. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (4277) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2085) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The Microsatellite DNA technique was applied to assess genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in three wild populations of Apostichopus Japonicus from Yantai,Weihai and Dalian.9 polymorphic loci were screened electrophoretically for genetic variation of the three wild populations.The following parameters were calculated: heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele number, allele frequency, genetic distance, genetic identity coefficient, Hardy-Weinberg balance deflection index and so on. Results show that the number of total alleles of these 9 microsatellite loci is 59. The average of allele number in each microsatellite locus of the Yantai 、Weihai and Dalian populations is 6.5556、5.8889 and 6.0000, respectively; the average effective allele number is 4.6033、4.0466 and 4.1367, respectively; The PIC of polymorphic loci varies between 0.5129-0.8794.The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) of three populations is 0.6416、0.6595 and 0.5824 respectively,and the average expected heterzygosity (He) is 0.7641、0.7161and 0.7364, respectively. Cluster analysis of the three wild populations performed with UPGMA(unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean)confirmed the closer linkage between Weihai and Dalian than their individual distances to Yantai. Key words:Apostichopus japonicus;geographic populations ;genetic diversity;microsatellite DNA

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • Study on biochemical genetics among 5 populations of Rainbow trout

      2007, 31(4):539-544. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2605) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (1856) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The levels of genetic variation at 40 genic loci of 15 isozymic systems in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined among Donaldsons super rainbow trout, Rainbow trout from California of USA, Rainbow trout from Norway, Rainbow trout from Danmark, Jalo rainbow trout respectively. The genetic parameters would be important in selective breeding programs. As a main research means, the discontinuous vertical plate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to analyze the biochemical genetics status of 5 populations of Rainbow trout . The p of 5 populations of Rainbow trout ranged from 43.24% to 47.37%; the He’ of 5 populations of Rainbow trout ranged from 0.1917 to 0.2178;the H0’ ranged from 0.2703 to 0.3291;the d ranged from 0.4100 to 0.5331;the Ne ranged from 1.4865 to 1.5385. The chi-Square test showed all polymorphic loci from the 5 populations of Rainbow trout were in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Various genetic indexes showed that the 5 populations of Rainbow trout resource quality was still good. Phylogenetic tree showed Rainbow trout from Norway, Rainbow trout from Danmark, Rainbow trout from California of USA and Donaldsons super rainbow trout belonged to the same clade, and Jalo rainbow trout belonged to another clade. Key words: Rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss); Population; Isozyme; Genetic structure; Genetic variation

    • >PAPERS
    • The effect of parental selection on inbred first filial generation of Argopecten irradians concentricus Say

      2007, 31(4):443-451. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (2156) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (1984) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In the experiment the same culture population of 1000 individuals of Argopecten irradians concentricus Say was divided into 3 groups according to shell length: large group (shell length 58.3-61.9mm), middle group (shell length 49.5-50.8mm) and small group (38.9-41.1mm), and 3 individuals, which as parents were sexually matured and of the same age, were chosen from 3 groups each, autogamy experiments were carried out within each group of parents selected, respectively. Under identical environmental and experimental conditions, based on the comparisons of differences between 3 groups in terms of such indices as insemination rate, hatching rate, juvenile survival rate, survival rates across nursing period and across formal culture period, daily growth rates of shell length, shell height, survival rate and responses to selection, the effect of parental selection on the growth performance of self-fertilized progeny were examined. Results showed that large-size parents were better than middle ones (P<0.01); middle-size parents were superior to small-size ones (P<0.01). Responses to selection of shell height, shell length and wet weight for large-size parents were 6.0mm, 5.4mm and 6.3g respectively; -0.4mm, -0.1mm and -0.7g respectively for middling-size parents, and -4.7mm, -5.3mm and -7.6g respectively for small-size parents. Realized heritabilities of shell height, shell length and wet weight are 0.52, 0.49 and 0.40 respectively. Results showed that parental selection of Argopecten irradians concentricus Say had great effect on the growth performance of self-fertilized progeny(P<0.01), the self-fertilized progeny of large-size parents displayed marked growth advantage, and the strategy of truncation selection is effective and should be adopted practically. Key words: Argopecten irradians concentricus Say, Selection, Self-fertilization, first filial generation, performance

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • Cloning and squence analysis of common carp Cyprin us carpio L.)

      2007, 31(4):545-550. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (3627) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2241) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:PA28α can activate the latent 20S proteasome together with PA28α, playing an important role in th e processing of MHC class I antigen. PMSE1 gene encoding this activator has been characterized and documented in mammals, whereas, few reported among piscine. I n the present study, two pairs of primer were designed and synthesised according to the fulllength cDNA sequence of proteasome activator PA28α subunit which we had found in common carp. Using PCR two specific gene fragme nts of PA28α subunit were amplified from total genomic DNA extr acted from the spleen of common, PCR products cloned into pMD18T vector. The r ecombinant plasmids were verified by sequencing. The PA28α subu nit gene (PSME1) of common carp had been successfully cloned. The sequence resul ts were analysized with DNAStar, DNAMAN and BLAST software. Result indicated tha t carp PSME1 gene encompassed 3 602 nucleotides, 11 exons, 10 introns, which was very similar to the known PSME1 genes of other species with the same exon/intro n arrangement. Three forms are shown at intron/exon boundaries of carp PSME1 gen e, exon 5/intron 5 boundary belongs to class 1 (GAA/G), exon 8/intron 8 boundary belongs to class 2 (TCC/AA), the rest belong to class 0. The splice sites have been well conserved through evolution, and observe the regulation of GTAG comp letely. A phylogenetic analysis using PA28α and PA28α protein sequences from the GenBank verifies the presumed orthologous re lationships of the carp gene to their mammalian counterparts, and reveales a clo ser relationship between carp PA28α and zebrafish PA28α than between carp PA28α and mammalian PA28α. Comparing with human, pig, mouse, zebrafish, the structure of carp PMS E1 gene has been also well conserved through evolution. The base number of all e xons is almost stable, althongh few introns (introns 1, 5, 7 in carp; introns 1, 4, 7, 8 in zebrafish) more variable than other three mammals, especially,the b ase number of intron 8 in zebrafish PSME1 gene. Our studies have demonstrated th e carp PMSE1 gene, moreover, we have done a further work on the distinctions of PMSE1 genes among different species. However, further extensive study on this ki nds of subunit genes will be necessary for more information about their molecula r properties and functions. Key words:Cyprinus carpio〖WTB1〗;PA28α enomic DNA clone;sequence analysis

    • A preliminary study of serum transferrins inTursiops truncatus and Steno bredanensis

      2007, 31(4):551-555. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (2458) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2197) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Serum transferrin (Tf) is an iron (Fe)transporting protein with the property of reversibility in binding Fe. Cetaceans are aquatic mammals that exhibit particularly high Fe bioavailability in the body. However, little is known about serum Tf in cetaceans to date. The goal of this study was to determine the special characters of serum Tf between cetacean species and several other vertebrate groups. Zones and types of serum Tf of cetacean bottlenose dolphin(Tursiops truncatus) and roughtoothed dolphin(Steno bredanensis) were studied comparatively, for the first time, with bottomliving yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), sha rptooth catfish(Clarias leather), turbot(Scophthalmus maximus), margined bullhead(Liobagrus marginatus), Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis), amphibian tiger frog(Rana tigrina), terrestrial mice(Mus musculus) and human (Homo sapiens). Electrophoretic separation of Tf was performed using discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). An ironspecific stain method was used to identify the Tf and other Febinding proteins. Results suggested that the Tf zones were divided into four areas (Tf ITf IV). Serum Tf possessed 4-6 bands in the bottlenose dolphins and 5 Tf bands in the roughtoothed dolphin. These two Tf types in cetacean species were usually more complicated than those of human and other animals studied except for tiger frog. In addition, cetacean serum Tf distributed more widely across the serum Tf zones, and especially all serum Tf ITf IV zones in the bottlenose dolphin. The concentrative areas of serum Tf bands and their relative activities seemed to be different between cetaceans and other species, implying an adaptation for special water living habitats and respiratory patterns. Furthermore, although the serum Tf zone patterns among the three bottlenose dolphins were the same, the Tf bands were different from each other, suggesting the tendency of serum polymorphisms in serum Tf of the three bottlenose dolphins. Further research will be required to deepen our understanding not only of the cetacean serological characters on ironbinding, but also of the molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid component, and molecular basis of serum Tf in cetacean species. Key words:Tursiops truncatus; Steno bredanensis; serum transferrin; polymorphism; adaptation

    • >PAPERS
    • A new species of the genus Gymnogobius Gill from China

      2007, 31(4):452-455. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2390) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2063) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:A new goby, Gymnogobius zhoushanensis, is described from four specimens that collected from a stream of Zhoushan Island (30°02’N, 122°03’E) of Zhejiang Province in China. This new species is similar to the species Gymnogobius transversefasciatus (Wu & Zhou, 1990) in having four sensory canal pores (C,D,F,G) on head and four longitudinal sensory papilla lines on cheek, but defers in many characters. The former maxillary only reach to beneath the anterior edge of eye (vs. maxillary reach to beneath the posterior edge of eye): eye 4.3 to 5.5 in head (vs. 5.8 to 7.2);the second dorsal fin with 11 to 12 rays (vs. 9 to 10);longitudinal scales 54 to 56 (vs. 79 to 81);transverse scales 11 to 12 (vs. 20 to 22);predorsal scales 12 to 15 (vs. 17 to 21);head with a lot of small black spots (vs. without black spots). Key words: Gobiidae;Gymnogobius;new species;Zhoushan

    • The effects of intermittent starvation on growth and some digestive enzymes in the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense

      2007, 31(4):456-462. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (3841) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2106) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The recovery growth experiment in the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense following different periods of starvation.The experiment lasted for 18days for each test group. GroupC, S2, S4 and S8 were deprived food for 0 (control), 2, 4 and 8 days, respectively. Then each group was refed at ad libitum ration level for its rest experimental time. Upon realimentation after periods of starvation, specific growth rate, feeding rate and food conversion efficiency in terms of wet weight in each previously starved group were higher than those in group C. The change of pepsin, tryptase and lipase activity in Macrobrachium nipponense was sameness during starvation and after recovery growth, decrease significantly and then increases, but the trent of lipase was more evidently. While the activity of amylase increases a little and then decrease significantly. The results indicated that there was completely-orpartially-compensatory effect in the recovery growth in the Macrobrachium nipponense following starvation, and that the compensatory effect mainly resulted from significant increase of the feeding level and food conversion efficiency in there covery growth. So,the compensatory growth in the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense is the result of the two physiological factors working together. Key words: Macrobrachium nipponense; starvation; compensatory growth; digestive enzyme

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • White spot syndrome virus in Cherax quadricarinatus

      2007, 31(4):556-560. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (3960) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2006) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The cultivation of redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is developing in recent years. The disease of Cherax quadricarinatus was one of the major factors in its culture and even caused redclaw crayfish to die. The viral disease was found in polyculture of redclaw crayfish with Penaeus vannamei. Haemolymph and homogenated gills from diseased Cherax quadricarinatus was filtered and injected to the healthy Cherax quadricarinatus and all injected animals died within 3-5 days, while animals injected with other tissues including hepatopancrease and stomach were still alive. Examination by electron microscopy showed that there were a number of bacilliform viral particles in the nuclei of haemolymph and gill tissues. The virions varied in (225.6-280.5) nm×(73.2-176.8) nm. The detection of the gills and haemolymph by nucleic acid probe and PCR proved that the virus from Cherax quadricarinatus was similar to WSSV. The BLAST results of the sequence showed that it has 100% homology with respect to sequence of AF332093. The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank database (accession number EF078890). The results indicated that this virus belongs to WSSV Chinese. The C.quadricarinatus bacilliform virus could be detected by WSSV nucleic acid probe and PCR. Key words:Cherax quadricarinatus; bacilliform virus; viral diagnosis

    • >PAPERS
    • Utilization of several different carbohydrate sources by juvenile yellowfin seabream (Sparus latus)

      2007, 31(4):463-471. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (4475) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2174) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Six isonitrogenous (crude protein: 45% of dry matter), isolipidic (crude lipid: 9% of dry matter) semi-purified diets including a cellulose control diet and five 25% glucose, maltose, dextrin, corn starch and pre-gelatinized corn starch diets were prepared. Each was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus (initial body weight: 3.57±0.13 g means ± SD) reared in 18 fiberglass tanks connected as a closed recirculating system at 27±1℃ for 8 weeks. The growth indices, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency rate (PER) and hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH, EC 1.1.1.44), malic enzyme (ME, EC 1.1.1.40) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH, EC 1.1.1.42) activities were measured to evaluate the ability of yellowfin seabream to utilize different carbohydrate sources in diets. Results showed that weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, FE, PER, hepatic lipogenic enzymes activities and the compositions of whole body, muscle and liver of juvenile yellowfin seabream were significantly affected by different dietary carbohydrate sources. The pre-gelatinized corn starch and maltose groups, displayed significantly better WG and SGR than other carbohydrate sources groups (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with the control group (P>0.05). Growth and WG were not dependent on the complexity of dietary carbohydrate source. Fish fed the pre-gelatinized corn starch and control diets had significantly higher FE and PER than fed glucose, maltose, dextrin and corn starch diets (P<0.05). HSI was improved by the digestible carbohydrate inclusion. The IPF ratio in the pre-gelatinized corn starch group was higher than all other diet groups. In conclusion, pre-gelatinization of corn starch and maltose at a 25% inclusion level fed to fish significantly improved the growth of juvenile yellowfin seabream. In addition, pre-gelatinization of corn starch significantly improved corn starch utilization in yellowfin seabream. Key words: Sparus latus; juvenile; carbohydrates; utilization; growth

    • Iron-restricted condition and the immune efficacy of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of Vibrio anguillarum L-18

      2007, 31(4):472-476. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (1983) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2046) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Vibrio anguillarum is a familiar pathogen of marine fishes, which express a kind of specific iron-uptake system when infection. The iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) of Vibrio anguillarum have been learned for its expression and composition, but not for the immune efficacy on fish yet. The immunoreactivity of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and IROMPs of Vibrio anguillarum L-18 were analyzed with Western-blot in this study, and the difference of immune efficacy of OMPs and IROMPs was determined through immunizing flouder Paralichthys olivaceus. We found that the growth and the output of siderophore of L-18 were associated with the concentration of 2, 2’-dipyridyl (a kind of iron chelator) in media TSB. 100~130μmol·L-1 2, 2’-dipyridyl in TSB was affirmed to be the most proper iron-restricted condition, in which the growth of L-18 hadn’t been restrained strongly and the output of siderophore had reached to the tiptop. Under this iron-restricted condition, L-18 expressed 74.3ku and 77.4ku IROMPs. The 77.4ku protein, which was considered to be a important antigen, showed immunoreactivity clearly in Western-blot analyse. After immunization through intraperitoneal injection for 7 weeks , the cumulative mortality of P. olivaceus showed different values among formalin-killed whole-cell vaccine group, OMPs group and IROMPs group. The relative percent survival (RPS) of IROMPs vaccine reached to 75.9%, higher than 51.8% of OMPs vaccine significantly. The antibody titre of IROMPs group advanced significantly compared with OMPs group, nearly the same as the whole-cell group, but the survival index (SI) of it in serum had no obvious change. Key words: Vibrio anguillarum ; IROMPs ; Paralichthys olivaceus

    • Effect of dietary chitosan and probiotics on disease resistance and immunity of obscure puffer (Fugu obscurus)

      2007, 31(4):478-486. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2309) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2083) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Obscure puffer (Fugu obscurus) has economic value and aquacultural importance in China. However, it suffers from serious fish disease, particulary bacterial disease in intensive aquaculture. In spite of positive role on immune function of probiotics and chitosan, their influence on immunity and disease resistance of Fugu obscurus was unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to ascertain the possible role of stimulating and enhancing immune response of probiotics and chitosan on obscure puffer (Fugu obscurus). Fish were separately fed on the basal diet as control or on the basal diet with various levels of chitosan(0.2%,0.5%,1.0%), probiotics (0.1%,0.2%,0.4%), chitosan plus probiotics mixture, and a mixture of mannan oligosaccharide plus probiotics for 8 weeks. The experimental fish fed on the basal diet containing 0.2% chitosan, 0.1% probiotics, the mix of chitosan plus probiotics or mannan oligosaccharide plus probiotics mix with enhanced bactericidal activity were selected to measure immunity. The results showed that T and B lymphocyte proliferation in the head kidney was promoted by feeding on the diet with the mixture of chitosan plus probiotics, while the mixture of mannan oligosaccharide plus probiotics enhanced T lymphocyte proliferation in the head kidney. Furthermore, the mixture of chitosan plus probiotics was more effective in combination than chitosan or probiotics alone according to head kidney lymphocytes proliferation and IgM content in B cell culture supernatant. IgM concentration in spleen under the treatment of LPS stimulation in all four experimental groups was higher than that of the control, however only did the mixture of chitosan plus probiotics had a significant positive effect on IgM secretion(P<0.05). IgM level changed greatly between the control and the supplemented chitosan or probiotics group when lymphoid cells were stimulated by LPS in anterior kidney, and all the feed stuff containing chitosan or/and probiotics might result in an increase of IgM concentration(P<0.05). However, IFN-α secretion was suppressed by chitosan or probiotics in spleen and head kidney.In the future, we need further research on relationship of several immune paremeters, immunity change before and after the tested fish are challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) and immunoregulation of chitosan and probiotics on the fish. Key words: chitosan;probiotics;resistibility;;immunity; Fugu obscurus

    • Studies on edwardsiellosis in cultured Scophthalmus maximus

      2007, 31(4):487-495. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.00001

      Abstract (2479) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2028) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:From May 2004 to September 2005, a survey was conducted in six cases of edwardsiellosis in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. The dominant strain isolated from diseased turbot was identified as Edwardsiella tarda, basis on its morphology, physiological & biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Challenging tests by the isolate indicated that it was the causative agent for the edwardsiellosis. The disease had two types of infection, i.e., acute and chronic, and giving different clinical signs. Histopathological analysis revealed that the edwardsiellosis could cause lesions in the kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, gills and skin. The most prominent histopathological characteristics of this disease were the proliferation and infiltration of macrophages in various tissues and organs. The kidney showed the most marked changes i.e., proliferation of microphages, multiple necrosis, exudative fibrin and formation of enormous granuloma, while the organ extremely enlarged and changed to whitish pustule. This is the first report for edwardsiellosis in cultured Scophthalmus maximus, in order to provide reference in health management and disease control. Key words:Scophthalmus maximus;Edwardsiella tarda;bacterial identification; histopathology; 16S rDNA

    • Effects of different feeding models on growth of Chinese mitten crabs and their relation to its incidence of hepatopancreas albinism

      2007, 31(4):496-503. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1231

      Abstract (2354) HTML (0) PDF 0.00 Byte (2012) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The orthogonal design method of table L9 (34) was adopted to construct nine different feeding models for Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) based on four factors, such as the coverage of aquatic plants, the input of live snail, the ratio of animal based feed to total feed and different feed casting patterns, and their three levels. 540 two-year old Chinese mitten crabs with initial body weight of 9.67±0.47 g were fed in 27 separate pens (6 m×5 m×2.5 m) in the raising areas of east Taihu lake for 240 days following these feeding models with three replicates, and the effects of these feeding models on growth of Chinese mitten crab and their relation to its incidence of hepatopancreas albinism were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that different feeding models exerted significant effects on its growth and hepatopancreas albinism incidence. Among these feeding models, model IV produced the best raising results and brought the lowest incidence rate. The results from variance analysis indicated that the effects of the four factors on growth and albinism incidence were listed in the order of importance as: the coverage of aquatic plants> the ratio of animal based feed to total feed>the feed casting patterns> the input of live snail. A statistical regression analysis was conducted based on the four factors, together with parameters of albinism incidence, weight gain, fullness, capture rate, and feed conversion efficiency. The results confirmed that the coverage of aquatic plants, the ratio of animal based feed to total feed, and the feed casting patterns had close relations to the albinism incidence and growth of Chinese mitten crabs. It is suggested that the feeding model suitable for the raising of Chinese mitten crabs be characterized as follows: the coverage of aquatic plants was 73.95%, the animal based feed accounted for 56.15%~62.22% of total, the feed was given during whole growth and developmental stages and in the amount of 7.5%~5.0% of the crab weight, the amount of live snail input was 5578.05 kg·(hm2)-1. Key words: Eriocheir sinensis; growth; feeding model; hepatopancreas albinism

Current Issue


Volume , No.

Table of Contents

Archive

Volume

Issue

Most Read

Most Cited

Most Downloaded