• Volume 18,Issue 4,1994 Table of Contents
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    • >PAPERS
    • STUDIES ON THE GILL HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SILVER CARP, HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS MOLITRIX,INFECTED BY DACTYLOGYRIASIS (DACTYLOGYRUS VAGINULATUS ZHANG ET NIU, 1966) AND ITS TREATMENT

      1994, 18(4):305-311.

      Abstract (2316) HTML (0) PDF 571.53 K (1592) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The preliminary studies to use dichlorvos (80%) for controlling the gill dactylogyriasis (Dactylogyrus vaginulatus Zhang et Niu, 1966) of silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Curier et Valenciennes) in the Jinjia and Houlou Reservoirs during 1991-1993 were reported. The method to sprinkle drugs for preventing and treating the reservoir fish diseases was discussed. The results showed that dichlorvos, 0. 08-0. 20 ppm, can thoroughly kill the trematode on gill of the silver carp. The histopathological studies indicated that the gill infected by trematode were with more mucus, injured very mechanically the gill filaments congested and bled. The results also showed: the resporatory epithelium swelled; hyperplasis of epithelial cell resulted in the fusion of adjacent lamellae to form the baculiform filaments. In serious condition,adjacent gill filaments further fused and formed a piece of epithelial cell plate.

    • STUDIES ON RESTRICTION ENZYME MAP OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FROM SILURUS ASOTUS

      1994, 18(4):312-320.

      Abstract (1974) HTML (0) PDF 541.51 K (1450) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)from liver of Silurzis asotus had been isolated and purified by the method of density gradient centrifugation and DNase I,Rnase digestion. The 8 kinds of restriction endonucleases which were Xho I,Bgl a,EcoR I Pst I,Bgl I,BamH I,Xba I and Hind IQ,had been used to digest the mtDNA. On the S. asotus mtDNA,the digested sites of these enzymes are 0,1,1,1,2,2,7 and 7,respectively. The molecular weight of S. asotus mtDNA is about 10. 84 X 106 and 17.54 kilobase pairs. According to the number and the size of the fragment obtained by digested with single and double enzymes,the restriction enzyme map of mtDNA from S. asotus was constructed.

    • CRYOPRESERVATION OF NAUPLII ARTEMIA SPP.AND ZOEA ERIOCHEIR JAPONICUS HEPUENSIS

      1994, 18(4):321-325.

      Abstract (2006) HTML (0) PDF 353.26 K (1489) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Chill tolerance of nauplii of Anemia spp. put into freezer at -30℃ for 30 minutes with and without the addition of glucose, sucrose and glycerol at various concentrations was determined. The average liquid cooling rate was 3-5℃ /min, and the average solid cooling rate was 1-1. 3℃/min. All of the control without the addition of the cryoprotective agent died, the addition of the cryoprotective agent enhances the cooling tolerance of nauplii, and the survival varied according to the kind of cryoprotective agent,concentration and balance time, the highest survival of nauplii reached 86. 4% in 20% glycerol when frozen to -30℃for 9-10 minutes. Chill tolerance of zoea of Eriocheir japonicus hepuensis at -25℃was also studied with 20% glycerol,DMSO and methanol. The average liquid cooling rate was 3-4℃ /min, the average solid cooling rate was 0. 3-0. 5℃ /min. All of the control died when frozen to -23℃, the best rsult was 75. 3% survived in 20% methanol when frozen to -24℃. Besides, the significance of these results for the development of cryogenic larval banking techniques was discussed.

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • METHYLATION OF MERCURY AND METHYLMERCURY METABOLISM IN FISH BODY

      1994, 18(4):326-329.

      Abstract (1770) HTML (0) PDF 249.82 K (1303) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:存在于水体的各种形态的汞,在微生物的作用下可转化成甲基汞。甲基汞通过食物链的富集作用进入鱼体[Wood,1974]。进入鱼体无机汞是否经甲基化作用生成甲基汞?自70年代一直争论不一[Folmai等,1978;Naibonne等,1978。国内外有关鲤科鱼类鱼体甲基汞代谢方面的文章未见报道。甲基汞的毒性和半衰期约超过无机汞几倍,所以研究汞污染对人体健康的影响,搞清鱼体吸收汞的组织和器官以及蓄积和排泄情况,为控制和治理柔污染7k休裸出科学依抿十分必要。

    • OBSERVATION ON GROWTH AND FEEDING HABITS OF LARGEMOUTH BASS, MICRORTERUS SALMOIDES, LARVAE

      1994, 18(4):330-334.

      Abstract (1716) HTML (0) PDF 339.47 K (1458) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:大口黑妒(Micropterus salmoides)引入我国以来,深受广大养殖者和消费者的青睐。近年来江浙一带养殖大口黑妒发展也很迅速。但在养殖过程中苗种成活率往往不高,成为制约生产发展的难题之一。因此,对其仔、稚鱼的发育、生长及食性进行观察和研究很有必要,以便了解该种鱼在引进之后的适应性及鱼苗的生态习性,为改进饲养技术、提高苗种培育成活率提供一定的依据。

    • A FUZZY DISTINGUISHABILITY ON SIMILAR DEGREE OF COMPOSITION OF SPAWNING STOCK OF YELLOW CROAKER IN THE SOUTH FUFIAN FISHING GROUND

      1994, 18(4):335-339.

      Abstract (1763) HTML (0) PDF 267.79 K (1467) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:闽南渔场大黄鱼生殖群体隶属闽粤东族,其群体组成的变化可反映资源数量的变动状况。年间群体组成相似程度的模糊识别,旨在为研究该群体资源结构的变动趋势提供定量的科学依据。

    • EFFECT OF COLOUR, THICKNESS AND LENGTH OF NYLON FISHING LINE ON JIGGING RATE OF TRADORES PACIFICUS IN THE SEA OF JAPAN

      1994, 18(4):340-343.

      Abstract (1804) HTML (0) PDF 242.20 K (1575) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:太平洋褶柔鱼资源丰富,鱿钓年产量稳定在11万至16万吨之间〔Yamanaka等,1988〕。我国自1989年成功开发该资源以来,鱿钓作业现已形成了一定的生产规模,推动了我国渔业走向世界。鱿钓作业技术要求较高,为赶上先进渔业国家行进步伐,研究捕捞技术,十分必要。

    • >ROUNDUPS
    • ADVANCES IN FISH SEX REVERSAL

      1994, 18(4):344-352.

      Abstract (1836) HTML (0) PDF 682.35 K (1568) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:脊椎动物的性转变曾长期被动物学家看成是一种病理现象.Stephan[1901]首先明确地指出性转变实际上是真骨鱼类中极其正常的生理现象之一,这一观点被后来的发现所证实.Liu[1944〕第一个研究发现淡水鱼类黄鳝(Monopterus javanensis)存在着性转变现象,D'-Ancona[1940/41,1949a.1949b,1956〕则报道绸鱼也存在性转变现象。这些发现标志着一个大有前途的研究领域的开始,而Atz[1964〕对该领域极出色的综述是一个重大的转折点,从此之后,性转变研究吸引了更多的生物学家的注意和参与。

    • >PAPERS
    • EVALUATING THE GROWTH OF CYPRINUS CARPIO AND THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FORMULATED FEED BY RNA/DNA RATIO

      1994, 18(4):257-264.

      Abstract (2029) HTML (0) PDF 510.13 K (1479) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The carp fingerling was fed with formulated feed containting different protein quantities and various animal protein sources. Under the equal environmental condition and the same feeding rate,the gained weight rates and RNA,DNA contents of fish's muscle and liver were measured. The result showed:When feeding groups of A,B, and C were contained protein in 18. 17%,17. 86 0 oand 31. 56% respectively,and the average gained weight rates of each group were 106. 87%.94. 65%and 129. 48%.The mean feed coefficients were 2. 04,2. 30 and 1. 52,and RNA/DNA ratios were 2. 99,2. 90 and 4. 13 respectively. Moreover,RNA/DNA ratio is a very sensitive indicator in reflecting fish growth rate and protein content in the feed. Therefore,RNA/DNA ratio in the muscle can evaluate fish growth and the quality of the formulated feed.

    • ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION ON CYTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN HEPATOPANCREA EPITHELLAL CELLS INFECTED BY MBV (PENAEUS MONODON LACULOVIRUS)

      1994, 18(4):265-271.

      Abstract (1794) HTML (0) PDF 632.40 K (1553) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The ultrathin sections manufactured by improved fixative for biological samples of electron microscope and new embedding media were used to study the ultrastructure changes of the normal and MBV-infected epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas under JEM-1200. The results indicated there was one or more intranuclear inclusion bodies and a great number of virions in the karyoplasm of the infected cells. As the number of inclusion bodies and virions increased,the unclear chromatins agglutinated and the nucleolar migrated,the nuclear membrane partially dilated,disrupted or even completely disappeared. At last,the whole nucleus would disintegrate and drift the inclusion bodies out of the nucleus. In this periods,the oedema and necrosis of cell plasms,the myeloid deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum,the hyperplasia of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and lipiddroplets,the down-wass-like deterioration of mitochondrias and the secondary bacterial mixed infections also be found in the studies. The authors consider that the large number of intranuclear inclusion bodies and MBV (existed in the karyopalsm),which caused the severe cytopathologic changes,could serve as one of the characteristic indication in diagnosing the viral disease of P. monodons. The bacterial mixed infection is one of the important auxiliary diagnostic indication. The lipoidosis and pathologic changes of mitochondrias in epithelial cells of the hepatopancrea may have effects on the normal growth of the surviving P. monodons.

    • CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESHNESS REDUCTION IN CULTURED FRESHWATER FISH

      1994, 18(4):272-277.

      Abstract (1917) HTML (0) PDF 374.75 K (1466) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The characteristics of freshness reduction in cultured freshwater fish during storage were studied in this paper. The variations of total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N) in several kinds of freshwater fish stored at 0℃ basically showed a similar tendency to deterioration. The storage temperature gave a noticeable effect on the variations of TVB-N and TVB-N in fish muscle changed slowly and kept at a low level when stored under low temperatures(-3℃and 0℃),but increased all the way up when stored at room temperature (20℃).The results also showed that the rate of freshness reduction monitored by the K value measurement in fish muscle stored at 0℃ was different with the species. The sequence of the rate constant valus for different species is:silver carp,big head>grass carp>blunt snout bream>crucian carp. The temperature effect on the rate constants for the K value change in fish muscle was also apparent,and it was shown that the K value change in freshwater fishes (big head,grass carp etc.)was more temperature dependent than that in marine fishes (chub mackrel and sea bream). The kinetic parameters (Ea and A) on the K value change in big head,grass carp and blunt snout bream were obtained from the Arrhenius's plot.

    • REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION IN COLOSSOMA BROCHYPOMUM

      1994, 18(4):278-283.

      Abstract (1787) HTML (0) PDF 416.20 K (1355) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The regulation of effective accumulating temperature and feeding amount for promoting gonad maturation during spring and autumn induced breeding were studied. When the water temperature was 23. 3±1. 1℃, the effective accumulating temperatures were up to 3509. 0±164. 2℃ and 3786. 7 ±81.8℃ ·d. of female and male spawners respectively. The average spawning rate was 86. 9%, and the spawning time was about one and a half months early than that of the induced spawning under the condition of natural water temperature.When the water temperature was at 28. 1 ± 2.0℃, the effective accumulating temperatures were 2008. 8℃ and 2030.0℃ ·d. in female and male fish respectively, and 93. 2% spawning rate was got. The feeding amount per kilogram body weight of fish during autumn breeding was low than that of the fish during spring breeding, but higher in daily feeding amount.Serum 17β-oestradiol (17β-E2) and testosterone (T) levels were measured before and after spawning. Serum 17β-E2 level showed highly significant decrease (spring, P<0. 01 and autumn, P<0. 001) in female after spawning. The serum 17β-E2 level increased when the spawned fish were recultured intensively. It suggested that the role of 17β-E2 was involved in vitellogenesis and less relationship with ovulation. The serum level of T in both female and male after spawning were highly significant increase (P<0. 001 ), and it showed in connection with ovulation and spermiation.

    • THE INTEGRATION AND EXPRESSION OF HUMAN GROWTH GENE IN BLUNT SNOUT BREAM AND COMMON CARP

      1994, 18(4):284-289.

      Abstract (1739) HTML (0) PDF 654.44 K (1601) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Linealized DNA fragments recombined out of the mouse gene promotor MT-1 and human growth hormone gene were microinjected into the fertilized eggs of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) respectively. By the inspecting methods of the dot blot,the Southern blot,the radioactive immunities and the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,the integration,transcription,expression and growth promoting effect of the foreign genes in the receptive fish were confirmed. The sexually-reproduced F1 offsprings from transgenic male carps and female carps carry the foreign genes,thus showing that the foreign genes can be transmitted into F1 offsprings and have growth promoting effect.

    • WITHIN SPECIES VARIATION OF RESISTANCE OF COMMON CARPS IN THE CASE OF OUTBREAK-FISH-DISEASE

      1994, 18(4):290-296.

      Abstract (2003) HTML (0) PDF 415.06 K (1462) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper reports the resistance variation of wild, mirror and jian common carps to the outbreak-fish-disease caused by the Aeromonas hydrophilla. When the bacteria concentration was 6. 0 ×108 CFU/ml (four gradients at 100, 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3), injection dosage was 0. 3 ml/fish, the median lethal dose (LD50) for wild carp, mirror carp and jian carp was 10-0. 976, 10-0. 562 and 10-1. 375 respectively, which indicated that there was a significant difference in the median lethal dose among strains (F>F0.05). The mechanism of resistance was studied from 4 sides: In sides of leucocyte phagocytic function and bactericidal reaction by alternative pathway of complement (C3 shunt), mirror carp was higher than wild carp and jian carp without significant differences (F0.05); in the sides of erythrocyte C3b receptors-aggregates and the total amount of complements, the rank was jian carp>wild carp>mirror carp at a high significant differences (F>F0.01 ). Erythrocyte C3b receptorsaggregates and the total amount of complements are two important indicators which reflect the immune capacity of fishes. This study found that the jian carp is little higher in these two indicators, but it is more infectious to the pathogen of outbreak-fish-disease, Aeromonas hydrophilla, this situation represents that different strains of common carp have a within species heterogeneity to outbreak-fish-disease.

    • PHYTOPLANKTON AND ORGANIC-DETRITUS IN HIGH-OUTPUT FISH PONDS WITH BLACK CARP AS THE MAJOR CULTURED SPECIES

      1994, 18(4):297-304.

      Abstract (1763) HTML (0) PDF 538.05 K (1552) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The phytoplankton population and organic-detritus of high-output (11.25-15 metric tons/ha. yr) fishponds with black carp as the major cultured species were studied during 1983-1984. The results indicated that the standing biomass of phytoplankton(wet) was 20-60mg/L and the standing crop of organic-detritus was 30-70mg/L. The dominant species of the studied phytoplankton community are Cryptomonas spp., Gymmodinum cyaneum. Euglena spp., Synedra spp., Nitzschia spp., Raphidiopsis spp., Merismopedia spp. and Chlorellaceae spp., which formed the water bloom alienately. The paper also studied the relationship between phytoplankton and water quality, and the relation between a bundance of phytoplankton organic-detrutus and fish output.

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