Abstract:This paper deals with the breeding population biological characte-ristics of Leucisus brandti which is the only species of Cyprinidae during upstreammigration in Suifen River. 1793 samples were measured in 1989. The breeding po-pulation structure of L. brandti was as follows: (1) The population was consisted of 2--5 years old individuals, in which 3years old was 64.6%. The average body length of the fish was 293(225--425) mmand its average body weight was 450(175--1600)g. (2) The sex proportion was 1: 1.63.The fecundity was 34, 232 (15,222--88,660)eggs and the average diameter of eggs was 2.0(1.7--2.2)mm. The migrating sea-son was in May to June and spawning period was in middle May to early June. (3) The population was 30,000 individuals or so in 1989. Up to now,the popu-lation has greatly decreased. The ecological environment of spawning populationand spawning area should be protected. A Iarge scale artificial releasing of L.brandti should be adopted.

Abstract:The level,regularity,effective phase and continuance of immuneresponse of grass carp immunized with vaccine CFRV were approached in thispaper. Strong response,both more than 80% of percent relative protection (PRP)and significantly higher antiserum neutralization titre(ANT) than control, couldbe produced after immunization. The effective phase of immune response was wi-thin five days and the high level of ANT was reached on the tenthday.On the twenti-eth day, ANT went up to peak level and remained for twenty days then it fluctuated at this level. This research proved that the continuance of immune responseof grass carp immunized with vaccine CFRV was beyond thirteen months.

Abstract:我国于70年代中,就开始了对小土栖藻(又名小三毛金藻)的防治研究。大连水产专科学校(1974)报道了小三毛金藻在我国的出现和防治,以后勾维民等(1983)、刘茂春等(1983)、何志辉(1985)、李永函等(1958)、张万达(1990)陆续报道了该害藻的分布和防治。但是,至此小土栖藻的防治技术还带有一定的偶然性和经验性,不能解决生产上的根本问题。本报道,查明了铵氮和小土栖藻消长的关系,指出了非离子氨杀灭小土栖藻的作用和有效含量,提出了一套较完整的预防和治疗方法。使该项研究取得明显的进展和突破。

Abstract:哺乳类动物各种组织和器官的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶较稳定,酶带分布非常有规律,同源组织的LDH同工酶酶谱通常相似和稳定。鱼类LDH同工酶复杂得多,有三分之二品种中,其LDH同工酶类似哺乳类动物的酶谱;但在其余三分之一种类中,两个亚基随机结合受到限制,出现了不规则酶谱,有的只有2—3条酶带,有的超过5条酶带。即使具有5条酶带的鱼中,其骨骼肌和心肌LDH在电泳酶谱上迁移快慢正好与哺乳类动物相反。

Abstract:锚头鱼蚤病是国内外流行的常见鱼病之一,该寄生虫对寄主专性寄生[尹文英,1963]。寄生在鲤、鲫上的为鲤猫头鱼蚤(Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus),但它对鲤、鲫鱼的寄生的差异性尚未见报道。 作者于1991—1992年研究鲤、鲫等鱼类的种质时,发现它们在种间和种内对锚头鱼蚤的自然感染具有明显差异。现将对白鲫、异育银鲫、彭泽鲫、方正鲫、荷包红鲤、散鳞镜鲤及鲤鲫杂交种(白鲫×镜鲤)的观察结果报道如下。

Abstract:中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)自80年代初在我国大规模人工养殖以来,由于饵料成本占整个养殖费用的60%以上,因此摄食量的研究,一直受到人们的注意。黄海水产研究所(1980)、王克行等(1980)、张乃禹等[1983]分别很道了对虾对几种常用饵料的摄食量,并给出了经验公式。虽然陈一鸣[1988]报道东方长臂虾(Palaemon orientis)的摄食量在溶解氧饱和度降到40%以下时将显著下降。但大多数研究都是研究正常环境下的摄食量,而对不同环境因子对摄食量的影响则研究较少。为此,我们于1991年进行了几种环境因子对中国对虾摄食量影响的试验,现将结果报告如下。

Abstract:鱼类的摄饵刺激物质中,主要活性成份是氨基酸[荻野珍吉,1984年译本]。近年来,日本学者从促进水产养殖动物的食欲和提高饵料中植物蛋白质的利用率出发,开展了对促进水产动物摄食的引诱物质(主要是氨基酸)的试验研究[Katsuhiko Harada,1987;Katsuhiko Harada等,1987;Kenji Naka Jima等,1989],但国内对此则刚刚起步,宋天复等[1989]曾发现2%的丙氨酸、缬氨酸对金鱼的摄食无明显作用,但将氨基酸的浓度提高到16%即有明显的促摄作用。

Abstract:有关硬骨鱼类鳔的研究多集中于形态学和组织学方面[孟庆闻、李婉端,1984;孟庆闻等,1987;郑文彪等,1988;秉志,1983;Harder,1975;Whitehead和Blaxter,1989],而鳔发育的组织学研究较少,仅见王瑞霞[1982]和Berra与David[1989]描述了青鱼及Lepidogalaxias samlamandroides的鳔原基来源。作者选择鲶形目两个不同科的代表种,鲂科的南方鲶Silurus meridionalis(Chen),鲿科的大鳍鳠Mystus maeropterus(Bleeker)为研究对象,详细研究了两种鱼鳔的原基来源、衍化,并比较了二者在结构上的差异。现将结果报导于下。

Abstract:一、研究和保护鱼类种质资源的意义和迫切性 (一)从保护生物多样性谈起 为什么我国西北一些地区原来“风吹草低见牛羊”的大草原如今变成了土地贫瘠、经济落后的黄土高原?为什么原来郁郁葱葱、生意盎然的北非大森林如今变成了偶尔只闻驼铃声的撒哈拉大沙漠?为什么历史上盛产脍炙人口的大白鱼(翘嘴红鲌)的太湖如今变成了肉少刺多的毛鲚鱼的天下?这些都同生物多样性的破坏有关。

Abstract:Polyculture experiments on Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liuiZhang et Xia f. nov., Metapenaeus ensis De Haan, M. intermedius Kishinoye and Scylla serrata Forskal have been investigated and their results are as follows: 1. The optimum temperature and salinity for the seaweed growth ranges be-tween 17--30°Cand 17--29‰ respectively,and these are also suitable for growthofthe shrimps and the crab. The changes of water temperature and salinity in thefish pond are different from those in the coastal waters, which must be conside-red when the wild algae of Gracilaria is transplanted from coastal waters to fishpond. 2. The specific growth rate of this plant varies with water depths of seaso-nal replacement. The optimum water depths for Gracilaria growth in the fish pond are 20--50cm during months of January to April, 50--80cm of May to June,70--80cm of July to August, 35--70cm during September and 20--70cm of Octoberto December, respeetively. 3. The main nitrogen nutrient available for the uptake of Gracilaria is NH₄⁺,while the excreta from the shrimps and the crab contains much NH₄⁺. 4. Polyculture of marine algae and crustacea can promote growth each other,such as improving Water circumstance, increasing yield and more income, etc.Therefore,the polyculture is a good promising method for mariculture productionin coastal states.

Abstract:The directly stimulating actions of salmon GnRH analog sGnRH-A (Arg⁶TrP⁷Lou^{8Pro9NEt--LHRH) and mammalian GnRH analog LHRH-A(Ala6Pro9NEt--LHRH) on growth hormone (GH) secretion from pituitary of com-mon carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and the effects of LHRH-A and sGnRH-A on se-rum GH levels and growth of grass carp fingerling were studied by using an invitro perifusion system and in vivo treatment respectively. Two--min pulses ofsGnRH--A or LHRH-A (1, 10 and 100nM), in dose-dependent manner, directlystimulated GH secretion from perifused pituitary fragments of common carp. Thein vitro GH-releasing potency of each dose of sGnRH--A was significantly higherthan that of the same dose of LHRH--A. Intraperitoneal injection of sGnRH--A or LHRH--A(0. 01μg/g,b.w./week and 0. 001μg/g, b.w./week, once a week, total of sixweeks) resulted in significant increase in relative somatic growth rate (RSGR)and relative linear growth rate (RLGR) and in increase in serum GH levels ofgrass carp fingerling. The inductions of LHRH-A and sGnRH--A on growth ofgrass carp fingerling were dose--dependent, and the increases in RSCR andRLGR induced by sGnRH-A were significantly higher than those induced byLHRH-A. These results indicated that GnRH analog can directly stimulate GHsecretion from pituitary and induce increase in growth rate of cultured fish. Therelationships between structure and function of GnRH analog in inducing GHsecretion and grewth are similar to those in stimulating gonadotropin secretionin teleost.}

Abstract:Tens of medium stern trawIers from China have fished in the off-shore waters of Eastern Central Atlantic for several years. There is few report,however, On matching towing power, net and otter boards for Chinese vesselsrecently. According to measuring results for these three types of trawler with itsown gear and comparating with foreign trawlers,the drags of net, of otter boardsand of towing ropes in reasonable proportion to total drag are given in this.paper. The method or determing total drag of gear system is also indicated.

Abstract:Adminstration of massion doses of estradiol benzoate into malefish caused an increase of vitellogenin and caleium levels in serum and prolifica-tion of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in liver cells. Meanwhile,a lot of calcium presented in liver cell's cytoplasm. There was also calcium inthe liver cell of naturally matural female fish. But the liver cells of the male fishwithout injection of estrodiol benzoate had few calcium. This suggested that cal-cium had some effects on the synthesis of vitellogenin, The injection intraperi-toneally with calcium chloride caused the expansion of egg's diamater and increa- se of protein content in oocytes. When the female fish was injected with calciumchloride,the diameter of oocytes was 1.08±0.14mm(n=60)and the protein content was29.14%. As to the control,thes relevant data were 1.04±0.14mm (n=60)and 14.60%.The capillary onfollicular membrance with calcium chloride was dencer than con-trol. This indicated that calcium could enhance the growth of oocytes and theabsorption of protein, especially vitellogenin.