• Volume 17,Issue 2,1993 Table of Contents
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    • >PAPERS
    • INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN RELATING TO FISHERY CONDITION OF THE ZHEJIANG OFFSHORE WATERS

      1993, 17(2):85-94.

      Abstract (1848) HTML (0) PDF 2.84 M (1290) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Based on the hydrographic and commercial catch data during1960--1989 in the Zhejiang offshore waters, some feature of interannual variationof the sea surface temperature and salinity, and fishery condition were discussed.The results of spectal analysis show that the variation of the SST, the SSS, therunoff of Changjiang River and fishery condition in this waters have 2. 5 yearsvariational period. There are close correlations in the SST and SSS betweenmarine observation stations and fishery condition at this period and associatepartly with El Nino events. In the period of an El Nino, anomaly change of thesea surface temperature, salinity, runoff of Changjiang River, the fishery conditionwould be occured. The long-term changing tendency of the SST, the SSS and therunoff of Changjiang River can be served to predict the change of fishery condition.

    • A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FISH PRODUCTIVITY OF LARGE-AND MIDDLE-SIZED RESERVOIRS IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

      1993, 17(2):95-104.

      Abstract (1815) HTML (0) PDF 724.43 K (1646) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Fish productivity characteristics of 36 representative large- andmiddle-sized reservoirs in Shandong Province were investigated in 1989 and 1990.17 items concerning characters of the drainage areas, morphological, hydrolo-gical, hydrochemical and biological features, and the status of reservoir fisherywere completely included in the investigation. On the basis of these results, fishproductivity of the reservoirs was assessed with systematic cluster analysis,ranking method and regression analysis. In assessing with the ranking method a systematic approach was followed toclassify the reservoirs into five ranks, and on the basis of the average fish produc-tion of 2 well--managed typical reservoirs over a number of successive years andin accordance with the average plankton abundance of the reservoirs in each rankthe fish productivity of each rank was estimated to be 440, 370, 290, 220 and150 kg.ha~(-1) respectively. From the results of regression analysis it was shownthat the major factors affecting the levels of reservoir fish produotivity were:the soil fertility, the density of population and the rate of vegetation cover withinthe drainage area; and the total phosphorus, the total nitrogen, the electric conduc-tivity, the chemical oxygen demand and the plankton abundance of the reservoirwater. Among all of them soil fertility was the strongest one.

    • A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON POPULATION OF GOLDEN SARDINE SARDINELLA AURITA FROM FUJIAN AND ZHEJIANG OFFSHORE WATERS

      1993, 17(2):105-112.

      Abstract (2023) HTML (0) PDF 528.52 K (1644) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The meristic and morphometric character of Sardinella aurita iscompared between the stocks of Minnan-Taiwan Bank and Zhejiang offshorewaters, combining comprehensive analysis in biology character, spawning ground,migration and marine environment. The results indicated that the stocks of goldensardine in Fujian and Zhejiang offshore waters belong to Minnan-Taiwan Bankpopulation and East China Sea population respectively. The coefficient of variabi-lity (C. V.) of the former is greater than that of the latter. The distribution of twopopulations is discussed as well.

    • CHANGE OF FRESHNESS FOR BIGHEAD AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

      1993, 17(2):113-119.

      Abstract (1775) HTML (0) PDF 552.76 K (1593) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this paper the effect of storage temperature on the freshness-Iowering of highead, Aristichthys nobilis, was studied. Fresh bighead was storedat five different temperatures from -- 3℃ to 20℃ and the variations of freshnesswere followed by K value, TVB-N, bacterial count and sensory assessmeat. Theresults of experiment are as follows: 1. The freshness-lowering at 10℃ and 20℃ deelined very fast and at 5℃,0℃ and - 3℃ declined slowly and obviously. 2. Among these freshness indexes, the K value represented best for the fre-shness of the fish with high quality during the early storage period just after fishdeath and the TVB-N represented the lower quality freshness during later stageonly. 3. The velocity constants of freshness-lowering of the fish stored at differenttemperature were obtained from the relationship of ln (100-K value) versusstorage time.

    • OBSERVATION ON GROUP BEHAVIOR OF BLACK FINLESS PORPOISE,NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENOIDES,NEAR THE BEACH USING THE NET-SURROUNDINGS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

      1993, 17(2):120-125.

      Abstract (1757) HTML (0) PDF 991.29 K (1519) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The group behavior of the black finless porpoise was listed in thispaper. Three groups of the finless porpoise were captured and surrounded in thedifferent water area using the special net in the middle and lower reaches of theYangtze River in 1984, 1989 and 1992. Based on the records of observation for 42days and nights, this paper has made an overall descriptions and comprehensiveanalysis of its untamed behaviors of schooling, mother--calf, feeding, court-ship, playing, escaping, resting and being "altruistic", etc., upon its breath onthe surface of water. This observation not only will help to protect and breed theporpoise but also can apply to protect in the natural protection section and to breed.

    • THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF GIZZARD SHAD CLUPANODON PUNCTATUS IN XIPU BAY

      1993, 17(2):126-136.

      Abstract (2059) HTML (0) PDF 3.45 M (1211) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The present paper deals with the cyclic gonadal development, thegonadosomatic index, the individual fecundity and the hermaphrodite of Clupa-nodon punctatus in Xipu Bay (a minor and semi--enclosed bay with a seawall) ofDongshan Island, Fujian Province. The ovaries and testis of the fish can developinto ripe stage in Xipu Bay. The oogenesis is composed of six phases: (1) oogonia,(2) oocyte with a single layer of follicle cells, (3) oocyte with lipid droplets andyolk globules, (4) oocyte filled with yolk globules, (5) oocyte with migratory nu-cleus and (6) degenerative oocyte. Based on the six phases of oogenesis, the deve-lopment of ovary is also composed of six maturity stages correspondingly. Thedevelopment of testes may be divided into six maturity stages: (1) spermatogonia,(2) multiplication of spermatogonia, (3) growth of spermatocytes, (4) initialappearance of spermatozoa, (5) maturation of spermatozoa and (6) degeneration ofspermatozoa. The egg membrane consists of zona pellucide, zona radiata externaand zona radiata interna. With the growth of oocyte, the egg membrane increasesin thickness and is traversed perpendicularly by the pore canals containingmicrovilli from both the granulosa and the oocyte. The zona radiata interna inclu-des 7--8 Iayers of fibrous lamellae at phase IV. During maturation or the oocyte,the pore cauals become invisible, but three layers of the egg membrance are stillidentified. After spawning, the process of transformation of thecal cells andgranulosa cells to phagocytes has been observed on the degeneration of oocytes. Themale and female reach first maturity at I age group, spawning season occursfrom late Docember to late March of the next year. The individual absolute fecun-dity ranges from 7575 to 72621 eggs, averaging 35310 eggs. According to thefrequency distribution of ova diameter in the ovary, the ripe ova are released at least two batches during spawning season, the individual fecundity of the firstspawning batch is higher than that of the second. Accidental hermaphrodite existsin the fish, including ovotestes type and testes--ovary type.

    • BACTERIA INVOLVED IN N-CYCLE IN FISH POND SEDIMENT AND SEDIMENT ACTIVITY

      1993, 17(2):137-145.

      Abstract (2220) HTML (0) PDF 650.48 K (1823) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Multiple sampling cores of pond sediments for a intensive, poly-culture fishpond were bacteriologically and chemically analysed. The results indi-cated that species and number distribution of bacteria involved in N-cycle and theN-containing substances in pond sediments varied vertically with depth. Thebacteria activities enrolled in N-cycle were mainly subject to the interactions ofbacterial number, dominating species and its type of metabolism, metabolic sub- strates, oxygen in sediments and other environmental factors. Growth of obligateaerobes is suggested to be the major indicator for estimating the activity of pondsediments. Thus, upper layer (from water/sediment interface to 9 cm deep or so)is active sediment layer, and its below is non-active layer. The bacteria dynamicprocesses in sediments related with N-cycle generally occur in the active layer.Appropriate operational measures may be considered and these may be helpful tomaintain and fully utilize activity potentials of active layer so as to enhance pondmaterial cycling and to minimize the fish pond silting-up.

    • STUDY ON THE BIOLOGY OF SYNECHOGOBIUS OMMATURUS

      1993, 17(2):146-153.

      Abstract (1980) HTML (0) PDF 2.60 M (1420) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:A study has been conducted on the morphological features, repro-duction, feeding and growth of Synechogobius ommaturus (Richardson). S. omma-turus is a common fish that occurs in the coast and estuary area of China. S. hasta(Temminck et Schlegel) is the synonym of S. ommaturus. It released two batchesof eggs during its reproductive period which is from February to May. After thespawning the parent fish die off. The lifespan is only one year. The relationship between its weight (W) in gm and body length (L) in cmcan be expressed by the formula: W = 0 .01739L2.8279. The relationship between itsage (T) in months and body length (L)can be expressed by the equation: L = 41.24[1 - e-0.08991(t+0.06459)]. The age (T) and weight (W) relationship can be denoted bythe equation: Wt = 606. 15[1 - e(-0.08991)(t+0.06459)]2.8279. The growth inflection pointtr = 11 .5, corresponding to W = 176. 5gm. S. ommaturus is a predatory fish. Its main food are small fish of various kinds,shrimps and crabs. It is harmful to oriental prawn.

    • PISCICULTURE USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZER WITH AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AS NITROGEN SOURCE IN POLYCULTURED PONDS

      1993, 17(2):154-166.

      Abstract (1975) HTML (0) PDF 929.85 K (1525) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:It was systematically studied for over 2 years on pisciculture usingammonium chloride as nitrogen source in polycultured ponds. Under same condi-tion, six manuring treatments with different chemical fertilizer and N/P ratio in1989 and four treatments in 1990 were carried out in polucultured ponds wheresilver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) werereared as main objects. The effects of ammonium chloride on the physi-chemicalcharacteristics of pond water, nutrients, primary productions, species and biomassof phyto-- and zooplankton in ponds, and their periodic changes before and aftermanuring under 4 temperature ranges of below (but not) 20℃, 20 to 25℃, 25 to30℃ and over 30℃, and their seasonal changes were studied and camparied withother nitrogen sources. Also the chemistry of bottom silt in ponds, the biochemicalcomponents of blood, nutritional contents and amino acid and fatty acid compo-nents of the muscle of silver carp and bighead, the yield of both fishes and theeconomic banefits of pond culture were studied and investigated.

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • THE CALCULATING METHOD OF DIGESTIBILITY DETERMINATION OF NUTRIENTS IN FISH FEED INGREDIENTS

      1993, 17(2):167-171.

      Abstract (1978) HTML (0) PDF 348.47 K (1911) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:为了测定鱼类饲料原料营养成分消化率,C.Y.Cho等人(1979)用被测饲料原料取代一部分基准饲料配制成试验饲料,根据基准饲料和试验饲料营养成分的消化率计算饲料原料营养成分的消化率,这一方法已被一些研究者采用。但C.Y.Cho等人根据他们试验饲料的配比,即被测饲料原料和基准饲料构成的重量比(W:W)为3:7,提出饲料原料营养成分消化率的计算方法。

    • THE EFFECT OF MULTI-POLLUTED AND MIXED WASTE WATER ON FISH'S RESPIRATION

      1993, 17(2):172-174.

      Abstract (1767) HTML (0) PDF 811.28 K (1451) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:鸭绿江发源于长白山天池,流长795公里,经丹东一新义州入黄海,是中朝两国的界河。丹东市区段的鸭绿江,近年由于工业的迅猛发展而带来了江水的严重污染,致使鱼类大幅度减产。 水工作的目的是探索鸭绿江下游鱼类种群、数量变动的主要原因,为恢复鸭绿江下游渔业生产提供基础数据。为定量描述鸭绿江下游水环境污染状况,我们采用了离体鱼头灌注法,测定了多污染源混合废六对鱼类呼吸的影响。

    • EXPERIMENT ON THE SUBMERGED DIKE WITH NET-SCREEN INSTALLATION FOR SHRIMP CULTURE IN SANMEN BAY

      1993, 17(2):175-178.

      Abstract (1789) HTML (0) PDF 295.05 K (1324) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:塔堤网栏养殖方式,曾由中国水产科学研究院渔业工程研究所利用国产设备,1986年在黄渤海区粉砂底质较为开阔的海区试验成功。本试验选在台风较为频繁的东海区浙江三门湾进行。三门湾由许多小港湾组成,沿岸滩涂广阔,近岸水域饵料生物相当丰富,水质清。

    • >ROUNDUPS
    • GYNOGENESIS,ANTROGENESIS AND HYBRIDOGENESIS IN FISHES

      1993, 17(2):179-186.

      Abstract (2068) HTML (0) PDF 2.75 M (1363) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:绝大多数鱼类为两性精卵结合生殖,但有少数几种鱼类为雌核发育或杂种发育,偶然有雄核发育的现象。雌核发育鱼类为单一雌性或含有少量雄性的群体。这种方式因为仅需要精子激活卵子,精子并不参与遗传而称为雌核发育或雌核生殖。与雌核发育相反,卵子在发育中失活,只由雄核发育为一个个体的现象称为雄核发育。杂种发育是以自然界中的两个相近血缘种的杂种形式存在的。

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