Abstract:The dietary test of shrimp, P. orientalis, was designed by meansof the gradient menthod for linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The results showedthat percentage weight gain and survival rate of the shrimp were affected by bothcontent and ratio of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In the present test the opti-mal requirement of slirimp for linoleic acid and linolenic acid in the diet respe-etively was 2.16% and 0.87%, the optimal ratio of them was 2.48, and the linoleicacid as an essential fatty acid is more effective than linoleic acid. In the shrimppractical diet containing lots of plant protein feedstuff rich in linoleic acid, theoptimal percentage weight gain and survival rate of shrimp can be got by addingsome level of linoleic acid and linolenic acid as there were the higher ratio andlower content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in the diet.

Abstract:The effects of extracellular Ca²⁺ and K⁸ on the basal and salmonGnRH (sGnRH)-stimulated growth hormone (GH) release from pituitary of com-mon carp were studied using an in vitro perifusion system for pituitary fragmen-ts. The basal and sGnRH-stimulated GR secretion from erifused pituitary ofcommon carp were extracellular Ca²⁺-dependent. In the absence of extracellularCa²⁺, the significant reduction in the basal GH secretion and almost disappearan-ce in the GH release responses to 2--min pulses of sGnRH (1, 10 and 100nM)were observed. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) antagonist verapam il(VER) significantly inhibited the basal GH release and CH release responses to2- min pulses of sGnRH (1,10 and 100nM) in a dose--dependent manner, indica-ting that the effects of extracellular Ca²⁺ on the basal and sGnRH-stimulated GHrelease are, at least partially, via the action of VSCC. 50mM K⁸ significantlystimulated the basal GR release from perifused pituitary of common carp, andmarkedly potentiated the action of pulses of high dose of sGnRH (100nM) on GHsecretion. The effects of elevated K⁸ were extracellular Ca²⁺--dependent.

Abstract:Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius is one of the maincommercial fishes in the China sea. Based on the biological date of 8627 sa-mples which collected from commercial catches in the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea andnorthern East Sea during June to March (next year) in 1963--1991, this paperdiscribed the characteristics of growth of spanish mackerel underyearing as fol-lows: 1. The relationship between body length (L) and body weight (W) is W =8.7231×10^-8L.⁰⁸³⁸ (r = 0.9994). The parameter branges within 2.9868--3.0355 indifferent year 2. The general pattern of the growth is expressed by von Bertalanffy growthequation as; L_1 = 422. 84[1-e^{(-0.18838)(t-2.18)}; W_t = 629. 66[1-e^{-0.1388)(t-2.18)}]⁸. The grow-th inflection for body weight is in 10.11 (a period of 10 days) and the growth israpid before November 1 for body length and during August 1 to November 1 forbody weight. 3. There are fluctuations of the growth for the different year. The growthdiffers to 1963--1979 since the autumn population of spanish mackerel underyear- ing has be exploited by trawl fishery after the end of 1970s and the parameters ofgrowth change as: L_1∞) from 438.00mm to 399 .06mm,W_∞ from 6/5.82g to 512.16g,k from 0.1336 to 0.2307, the growth inflection for body weight from 10.61 to 8.74(a period of 10 days) and the main growth stage for body weight from 7--16 to 6-13 (a period of 10 days) (i. e. from August 11-November 11 to August 11-October11). 4. It is consideration to the characteristics of growth of spanish mackerelOctober 21 for achievement to the rational utilization of its resource.

Abstract:Based on the data of eoological surveys made in 1988--1990 in fishponds d Zhenlai fish farm of Jilin Province, the abiotic enviroments, biotio co-mmunities. primary and secondary productions, organic carbon balance, flow ofenergy and the biologica energy budgets in the fish pond ecosystems were describ-ed and discussed in this paper. By the estimation of organic carbon balance from 7 ponds, total input were 6804--10329kgC/ha and the output were 3732--5020.5kgC/ha. There were about28. 3--51 .4% input organic carbon to be deposited on the bottom in the year. Totalfish yields were 2369.5--10290kg/ha which about 4.7--10.2% of total input ener-gies. Yields of silver carp and bighead were 1107--4159.5kg/ha, which about5.1--13.7% of phytoplankton gross productions. Yields of carp were 468.5 6480kg/ha,which about 6.5--13.1% of input artificial diets.According to the anylysisof biological energy budges in two ponds, 55.2--81.4% energy of phytoplanktonand bacteria were utilized by zooplankton, 18.4--22.4% by silver carp and big-head, only 0 .2% by zoopbeathos.

Abstract:Developmental morphology of feeding organ of crucian carp (Cara-ssius carassius cuvisri) varying from 5.5mm to 260.0mm in total length (n430)was observed by gross anatomy, tissue sections,microscopy and scanning electronmicrocopy. Morphological and quatitative changes in mouth diameter, gill rakers,lateral protuberances and palatine folds were described during postembryonic de- velopment. The following aspects were discussed: (1) feeding mode and feedingfunction for crucian carp; (2) development of feeding organ and transition of fee-ding behavior; (3) relationship between changes in quantitative traits of feedingo gan and suitable size and composition of food; (4) development of feeding organand biological technique on culture of crucian carp.

Abstract:A study of resistance of three strains of crucian carp (Pengzhecrucian carp, allogynogenetic crucian carp and white crucian carp) to the outbreak-fish-disease was conducted. When the concentration of the diseases eaused bacte-ria-Aeromonas hydrophila was 6.0×10~8 ind./ml, injection dosage was 0.3 ml/fish,the median lethal dose (LD_(50)) for Pengzhe fish was 10~(-1.54), allogynogenetic fishwas 10~(-1.61), white fish was 10~(2.21), the differences were high significant (P0.01). The mechanism of resistance was studied from three sides: (1) The totalamount of camplements-the observed value in Pengzhe fish was 6.40 unit/ml,allo-gynogenetic fish was 5.97 unit/ml, white fish was 2.20 unit/ml, the differencewas highly significant. (2) Bactericidal reaction by the alternative pathway ofcomplement(C_3 shunt)-- Pengzhe and allogynogenetic were better than white highlysignificant (multiple mean comparison, DD_(0.01)). Pengzhe fish better than allo-gynogenetic fish, but not significant. (3) Leukocyte phagocytic function-therewere a high significand difference among the 3 crucian carps (P0 .01). In thephagocytic percentage, Pengzhe fish better than white and allogynogenetic fishhighly significant (DD_(0.01)), in the phagocytic index,the Pengzhe and allogyno-genetic fish better than white significantly (DD_(0.05)). Pengzhe fish is the betterstrain with high resistance to the outbreak-fish-disease, white fish is the worst.

Abstract:In this paper the toxication of Zn²⁺ and NH_3-H on hepatopancreasof the shrimp, Penaeus orientalis, was studied, the main results are as follows: 1. In acute Zn²⁺ toxic experiments, when the adult shrimp was exposed toZn²⁺ of 8.4 to 22.43mg/L, the secretory colls were increased and the resorptivecells were decreased. When the adult shrimp was exposed to Zn²⁺ of 31.66 to 63.41mg/L,the number of secretory cells of the hepatic tubule and the secretory vacuolein these cells increased obviously. Parts of hepatic tubule were distroyed and in-jured. 2. In subacute Zn²⁺ toxic experiments, when the adult shrimp exposed to theZn²⁺ of 0.18 to 0.38mg/L,the hepatopencreas seems not remarkably changed.Whenthe shrimp exposed to Zn²⁺ of 0.58 to 0.78mg/L,the increase in the number of thesecretory cells was proportional to the concentration. 3. The effects on the juvenile shrimp that exposed to low concentration ofZn²⁺ were similar to test on the adult exposed to high concentration. 4. In subacute NH_3--N toxic experiments of the adult shrimp carried out for15 days, during the first 7.5 days changes of the hepatopancreas were similar tosubacute Zn²⁺ toxic experiments. Next 7.5 days Changes of the hepatopancreaswere similar to acute Zn²⁺ experiments. As above, no matter whether the shrimp were exposed to test solutions of Zn²⁺ or NH_3--N,their toxication set up increase ofsecretory cells and decrease of resorptive cells in the hepatopancreas. When se-rious toxication parts of the hepatopancreas were distroyed and injured

Abstract:The short--snout icefish, Salangichthys (Neosalanx) jordani Wakiya Takahasi,is one of commercial fishes in Tai Hu Lake. Experiments on artifical fertilization ofthe fish were carried out in spring of 1981 and 1983.The ripe egg of the icefish is spherical, on the egg membrance there bear 8--13slender filaments radiating around the margin of micropyle, the filament are dichoto-mously divided directing to the opposite pole of the micropyle and connected each otherto make a network covering almost the entire surface of the egg. The eggs are strongsticky, the spawned eggs attach on the submerged plants and other matrix in thewater. The diameter of swollen egg is 0.59--0.73mm, average 0.64mm. The embryohatched out 149 hours after the fertlization, 865 prelarvae were obtained in the experi-ment. The protection of spawning ground of the icefish, especially the submergedplants is proposed.

Abstract:黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)又名黑加吉,它是具有养殖潜力、经济价值较高的海洋鱼类。通过1983—1989年7月连续进行黑鲷鱼池养殖试验发现,它适应性强、食性广,适于集约化养殖;且肉味鲜美,含脂量高,颇受沿海某些地区消费者的欢迎。

Abstract:黑龙江省地处高寒地区,气候严寒,结冰期长达半年之久,栖息在该环境条件下的草鱼,卵巢周期变化呈现一种区域性的特征。在培育方法和生长环境相同时,草鱼产卵时间往往会出现早晚之差,从习惯上讲,这种情况应被视为正常现象;但在北方寒冷条件下,不同时间产卵的草鱼,卵巢发育速度不尽相同,以致使卵巢发育进度呈现非同步性。

Abstract:真鲷Pagrosomus major系名贵海鲜和优良的养殖种类之一。近年来,我国沿海各省真鲷网箱养殖发展很快。在其养殖过程中,要扩大养殖规模和提高产量,就必须开展真鲷营养需求,特别是蛋白质和脂肪需求量,不同饲料源应用效果等研究,以便选择合适饲料源,配制合适于真鲷生长的人工配合饲料,提高真鲷增重率,降低饲料系数。本文针对当前真鲷网箱养殖生产实际需求,进行了不同蛋白质和脂肪酸含量,不同饲料源和人工配合饲料与新鲜小杂鱼饲料喂养效果的对比实验。

Abstract:用江篱制造琼胶已有多年历史。在生产过程中,产品质量随着工艺的因素不同而不同,往往出现产品的质与量相矛盾。如凝胶强度大,生产周期也短,但产率不高,或色泽不好等;反之亦然,产率高,但凝胶强度小或周期长等。

Abstract:斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)是主要分布在暖水性海域中的大型虾类,有生长快,适盐范围广,离水存活较久等特点在我国养殖颇具规模。相建海(1988),相建海等(1990)对我国部分经济虾类的染色体研究有报道。本文为斑节对虾染色体的初步研究报道。