• Volume 16,Issue 3,1992 Table of Contents
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    • >PAPERS
    • DEVELOPMENT AND STRZTCTiJRE DT THE FILTER AND DIGESTIVE ORGANS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE FOOD HABITS IN SILVER CARP AND BIGHEAD

      1992, 16(3):202-212.

      Abstract (2660) HTML (0) PDF 1.41 M (1998) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The different stages of the development and morphological changes of the filter and digestive oxgans in silver carp (Hypophathalmichthys moli-trix) and bighead (.Aristichthys nobilis) were observed with tissue section, gross anatomy,microscope and scanning electron microscope. At both sides of the head,the gill-rakers of these species are almost equal in numbers and the dimensions gradually decreased from outer to inner side. When the silver carp reaches the total length of 26mm, the separable gill一rakers begin to appear in 1-2 transverse bri-dges and connected with each others. TL. 85mm, they gradually appear in gill-raker's net (sieve plate).When, the bighead reaches TL. 41-99mm, they begin to differentiate board and narrow gill--raker.A lot of mucous pores are found at the gill-rakers in adult; but without at its tip, only a few at its groove in larvae and the lateral margin of gillrakers appear in model papillae. At the surface of pala-tine folds there are secondary and micro--palatine folds, and also the haste buds scattered at the top of the micropalatine folds. There are many muscle fibers in the inner side of the palatine folds, the each gill--taker's tube and outer side of supra-pharyngeal organs. The length and diameter of intestine tube ara similar in the early stage of both species. Afterward, its length is shorter and the diameter is larger in bighead. It has found. that the filter size has close relation to the gap and papillae of gill-rakers. According to the information gathered of the silver carp,TL 7.8mm the filter size is 25μ in lower limitation, and 10μ in adult. As to the bighead, the filter size is 20--30μ, throughout its ontogenesis. The feeding progress and the function of relative organs are discussed in detail.

    • EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE UN SURVIVAL AND DEYELOPMENT OF THE LARVAE OF SCYLLA SERRATA

      1992, 16(3):213-221.

      Abstract (1833) HTML (0) PDF 2.77 M (1444) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The experiments on effects of temperature on larval survival and development of Scylla serrate were conducted by laboratory maintaining larvae from hatching to first juvenile crab stage under a set of constant temperatures(5℃ -35℃ ). The results showed that 25-30℃ were optimum for zoea. When tempe-rature was 20℃ , the zoea-1 could survive as long as 16 days, in the meanwhile temperature was≥35℃ , no larvae could survive more than 5 days, mass mortality was found in above both cases, and at 35℃ , no larvae could molt into zoea-3; at 18 and 20℃, all larvae died within zoea--3. The zaea-1 was more tolerant to lower temperatures (≤20℃) than successive stages and the survival rate for zaearl was hightest at 25℃, but after zoear-1,the mortality rates were relatively lower at 28℃ and 30℃. From hatching to metamorphosis finished,the duration of mean develop-ment at 30℃ was only 17 days, whereas it was 23 days at 25℃.Metamorphosis from zoea to megalopa was adversely effected when temperas-ture was≥34℃ , whereas successful metamorphsis was observed at 20--27 ℃ . How-ever, after metamorphosis, data show that megalopa is more tolerant to higher temperatures than zoea. At 35℃ , no adverse effect on larvae survival was found while the duration of megalapa was greatly shortened (at 35℃ , 6--8 days; at 20℃ ,22 days).Higher rate of"extra instar"(zoea-6)appeared at 25℃ which is suboptimal for later zneal instars.

    • EFFECT OF FISH OIL ON SERUM LIPID TISSUE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION CHOLESTEROL AND OF JUVENILE RAT

      1992, 16(3):222-228.

      Abstract (2011) HTML (0) PDF 508.43 K (1520) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The effect of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)on serum lipid, cholesterol and fatty acid compo-sition of juvenile rat was studied. The experimental rats (Spraglue dawley)were divided into three groups with 7 animals each for female and male per group. In the basal diet soybean oil, fish oil and fish oil concentrate were admixed for Group A, Group B and Group C, respectively. After 4 weeks feeding, the contents of serum lipid and cholesterol. in Group B and C were lower than those in Group A (P<0.05).By fatty said assay it showed that the levels of EPA and DHA in the tissues of Group B and C were higher than those in Group A, whereas the contents of arachidonic and docosatetraenoic acid in the tissues of Group A were much higher than those in Group B and C. Interestingly, the analytical results showed that in the rat brain of Group B and C was only DHA well higher in content than that in Group A,and therefore DHA in fish oil would be possible to play an impor-tent role in eugenics. No appreciable difference in body weight gain, weight ratio of viscera to body,total serum protein and alkaline phosphotase among these three groups was observed (P>0.05).

    • EXPERIMENT DN FDUR PANEL STOW NET WITH DDUBLE STAKE

      1992, 16(3):228-236.

      Abstract (1840) HTML (0) PDF 461.09 K (1571) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Stow net, an important type of stationary fishing gear in matine fishery,contributes to approximately 30 percent of marine catches in China.Conventional form of this stow net, braided manually and sophisticatedly, with improper net form and small mesh size, showed poor catchability and serious damage to fish resources. In order to change the situation, after investigation on stow net in China from 1989 to 1990, a new type of stow net with four panel and double stake in structure was designed and tested. Comparison experiment showed that the new net could reduce cost by 10 percent and increase yield by 5 to 30 percent. The experimental success of the net technclogically completed the impor-tant transformation of weaving way, from manual creasing and shrinking to cutting, especially to mechanize braiding. With improved oatchability and stable increment of yield and income, as to the conventional net, the new oae is very popular with fishermen. It has been put into widespread usage, getting desirable economical benefits.

    • AN INYESTIGATIUN FDR BIDLOGY AND ECOTDPE OF DOSINIA GIBBA IN THE NORTH YELLOW SEA

      1992, 16(3):237-246.

      Abstract (1829) HTML (0) PDF 654.90 K (1739) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The biological characteristics, geographic distribution, population structure and ecological speciality of Dosinia gibba in the north Yellow Sea were investigated. The results indicate that D.gibba in this sea area are cetrally scatter-ed in the subtidal zone (water depths of 0-2m) in 39°25'~39°39'N,122°35'~123°04'E. They perched in the sandy silt bottom of the sea. They are the creatures of near land ecotype. Most of them are two year of age. The relationship between body weight and shell length is exponential. The regression is egpressed as W=0.003936L2.812. The communities constitution and the ecological distribution of the mores in D.gibba settlement were analysed as well. And the sperciality of water che-mical and nutrient environment were elucidated. The ecological niche and system of D. gibba were discussed. D.gibba settled in the fauna of bivalve molluscs of this sea waters. The maximum biomass is 0.44g /m2 and abundance is 0. 06 ind/m2,Here they have not become the dominance population yet. It is 28-30℃ that the yearly changes of vvater temperature in the present waters. The salinity is changed between 20‰and 32‰.

    • THE EFFECTS OF THE QIANTANGJIANG RIPER KEY WATER CONTROL PROJECT ON THE BREEDING ECOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF MACRURA REEYESII AND ITS FISHERY COUNTERMEASURES

      1992, 16(3):247-255.

      Abstract (1606) HTML (0) PDF 604.73 K (1532) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this paper the main reason of the extinction M.reevesii was established. The fact is that the stepped hydropower station have changed the original environmental, conditions of Qiantangjiang River especially the conditions of Xin'anjiang River resexvoir and Hunanzhen reservoir,from which the temperature of annual reservoir water exchange values are 0.6 and 1.3 respectively and the sluiced cold water is 10℃ , thus the natural environmental conditions of the limited water temperature fox Macrura reevesii were destroyed.The research of this project has provided a scientific basis for expounding the natural characteristics of Macrura reevesii as well as the countermeasures to the project. Introducing cold-water fish species or wide temperature character fish species would be an effective way of rebuilding the fishery resources.

    • VARIATIONS OF PLANI}TON UNDER FERTILIZATION FOR FISHFARMING IN DAZESHAN RESERVOIR

      1992, 16(3):256-264.

      Abstract (1844) HTML (0) PDF 629.54 K (1579) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Dazeshan Reservoir of Shandong Province is a middle-sized one in which a complex fishfarming, i.e., fishculture with artificial fertilization integrated with net cage culture, was conducted. The seasonal variations of species composition, biomass, amount of chlorophyll and dominant species of plankton and the variations of those faetors in the summer and autumn of the fertilization cycles in the reservoir in 1988 wsre reported. 48 species of phytoplanlkton was found.Its yearly average biomass was 11.2mg/L. Cryptophyta dominated absolutely over the year. There were' five bio-mass peaks, one in the spring and the other four in the summer and autumn in 1988, of which the highest one appeared in the late summer. As for aooplankton, 28 species was found and its yearly average biomass was 0.74mg/L,and there were three biomass peaks in. the two same seasons mentioned above.Phytoplankton bio-mass reached a peak in each fertilisation cycle observed, but the time taken to reach the peak and the duration of the fertilization effect wars shorter in the summer one. Zooplankton biomass attained to a peak in the summer fertilization cycle,however, it was only fluctuating and rising gradually and did not appear a obvious peak in the autumn one.The affecting factors on the variation of plankton in the reservoir are also dis-cussed.

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • APPLTCATIQN OF BREEDING TECHNIQUE WITH IMMOBILIZED CELLS IN PGRPHYRA YEZOENSIS IN CULTIYATIVE PRODUCTIUN

      1992, 16(3):265-268.

      Abstract (1931) HTML (0) PDF 813.41 K (1631) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:我国于80年代初,就开始了紫菜体细胞育苗的研究。赵焕登、张学成(1981,1984),方宗熙等(1986),戴继勋等(1988)报道了条斑紫菜体细胞直接附网育苗及其下海养殖试验研究;对于坛紫菜,方宗熙等(1986),王素娟等(1987),戴继勋等(1988)报道了其体细胞直接附网育苗及其下海养殖试验研究。该育苗技术育苗时间至少需要15天左右,且育苗室占地面积大,在生产上难于推广。

    • THE TIME PARAMETER SELECTION OF HEAT TREATMENT FOR PE NETTING

      1992, 16(3):269-271.

      Abstract (1541) HTML (0) PDF 196.60 K (1567) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:为了防备用合成纤维制作的网具变形,对构成网具的网片(或网衣)必须经过热定型处理,才能使结节目脚稳定。热定型的主要因素,是温度和时间。对于温度,生产单位比较注意,温度过高,易引起网片的熔融和粘结;温度太低,达不到定型的目的。然而对定型时间的长短,各单位很不相同。就乙纶网片而言,宁波渔网网厂是30分钟;上海绳网厂是20分钟;青岛网厂PE3×15的定型时间是6—8分钟。本实验试图按照实际生产流程,通过测试,来选择定型时间,并以此阐明定型时间过长不但不能增加结牢度,且有损于网片强度。

    • THE CONCENTRATION AND VARIATION OF VITAMIN C IN PENAEtJS CHINENSIS

      1992, 16(3):272-274.

      Abstract (1832) HTML (0) PDF 275.05 K (1492) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:维生素C又名抗坏血酸,它是对虾生长、代谢及维持正常生理功能所必需的有机化合物。对维生素C的需求量则因对虾的个体大小、生长率、成熟度和环境因子的不同而异。缺乏维生素C不仅影响对虾蜕皮和伤口愈合,而且还会导致患病或降低抗御不良环境的能力。到目前为止,我国养殖对虾配合饵料中所添加的维生素C数量多参照国外虾类的标准,尚无切合中国对虾特点的添加标准,这对我国的对虾养殖业已经产生了不利影响。

    • TISSUE CULTIVATING BUD-GENERATED SEEDLINGS OF SARGASSUM FUSIFURME

      1992, 16(3):275-277.

      Abstract (1940) HTML (0) PDF 295.17 K (1979) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:藻体肥嫩的羊栖菜马尾藻,富营养,风味好,是种著名的食用海藻。在中药上,是种有良好疗效的传统药藻。近年来,在日本更流行作为调顺肠胃免便秘,降低血液中的胆固醇,防治大肠癌等的纤维食品,更供不应求。在藻体内因含有丰富的褐藻胶、甘露醇、碘等物质,又是种良好的工业原料。所以羊栖菜马尾藻是种有很高应用和经济价值的褐藻。

    • ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING OF CATFISH(PARASILURUS ASOTUS L.)

      1992, 16(3):278-281.

      Abstract (2261) HTML (0) PDF 281.50 K (1672) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:鲶鱼Parasilurus asotus属鲶形目、鲶科,鲶属,为我国最常见(王以康,1958)鱼类。该鱼分布广,适应性强,是肉食性鱼类,具有较高的经济价值,肉质细嫩,营养丰富。在北方常作为产妇的营养补品和餐桌上的美味佳肴。目前市场上的鲶鱼主要来源于天然捕捞,供应不稳定,然而价格也高于鲤鱼等养殖鱼类。过去该鱼被视为养鱼敌害,但现已逐渐改变了这种观念,成为池塘的混养对象。

    • >ROUNDUPS
    • PATHOGENIC AERQMQNAS HYDROPHILA AND THE FISH DISEASES CAUSED BY IT

      1992, 16(3):282-288.

      Abstract (4510) HTML (0) PDF 648.98 K (2993) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:尽管早在1891年就有因嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染引致蛙“红腿病”的报道,但由于该菌在自然界尤其是水中广泛分布,一般为正常共栖菌,因此长期以来对其致病性并未重视。近年来在我国南方各省淡水养殖鱼类流行暴发性传染病,有报道系为该菌所致败血症。此外在其它水生经济动物、哺乳动物亦有类似发现。人类因之而发生胃肠炎及伤口感染的病例也日渐增多。嗜水气单胞菌致病问题已跃然成为当代公共卫生瞩目的对象,为人们提出了人一畜一鱼共患病的研究新课题。本文介绍该菌的分类地位、病原特性、与鱼有关的流行病学及病原分离与鉴定方面的研究进展。

    • >PAPERS
    • STARYATIUN, FEEDING BEHAYIDR AND FOOD OF LARYAE(PDSTLARYAE) OF METAPENAEUS AFFINIS

      1992, 16(3):189-201.

      Abstract (1924) HTML (0) PDF 930.83 K (1745) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The paper dealed with the effect of early period of starvation on the larvae of M. affinis, the relationship between the starvation time and metsmor-phosis time of the larvae, predation and energetics of larvae and postlarvae fee-ding on Artemia nauplii and Brachinous plicatilis and suitable food and food density for different stages of larvae.The significant effect of starvation on the development and metamorphosis of larvae was observed in the laboratory. The relationship between the metamorphosis time of zoeal-I larvae (Dt,hour) and the starvation time (t.hour) could be descri-bled as: Dt=35.88+1.37t(r=0.996). At temperature 28℃ , the PNR-100[point of no return) for zoeal--I larvae seas about 20 hours, PNR-50 about 12 hours, PRS(point of reserve saturation) about 32 hours, PRS--50 about 20-24 hours. Zoeal-II larvae began to ingest the rotifer B. pliicatilis and the ingestion rate was found to increase with progressive increase of larvae development, reached a peak during mysis-III larvae stage,then declined at PLI. Rotifer density being 30 cells/ml, the maximum ingestion rate was obtained. When the rotifer density was 10 cells/ml,the learvae's energy ingestion was 0 .45,0.38, 0.73,0.58,0.55 and 0.63 time as much as the maximum energy ingestion, respectively, during ZII,ZIII,MI,MII,MIII and. PL I larvae stages. Both zoea and mysis larvae couldn't ingest Artemia nauplii. Postlarvaa.-III began to ingest. The daily ingestion and it's relationship with the temperature were also studied.Chaetoceros calcitrans, Dicratarria zhangjiangensis and their combination with Platymonas subcordiformis were all suitable food for Zoeal-I larvae. The metamor-phosis rate would be obviously developed when the laxvae were fed on the combina-tion of C. calcitrans, with B. plicatilis or with Sparulina sp. from zoeal-II to mysis-I stage The combination microalgae such as C.calcitrans.D.zhangjiangensia and P.subcodiformis were also suitable to culture the larvae from zoeal-I to mysis-I stage.Single fed on D. zhangjiangensia or P.subcodiformis, the zoea larvae couldn't deve-lop satisfactorily to mysis stags. But fed on P. subcodiformis at later stage of zoea larvae, the better survival of laeval developing to mysis stage could bs obtained. At the stages of MI to PL I, the best survival and metamorphosis were obtained when the larvae fed on the combinatian of C. calcitrans with B. Plicatilis among the test food organ.isms. The Larvae could also develop well only fed microalgae in combination of C. calitrans with D. zhangjiangensis and P. susbcodaformis. The suitable concentrations of microalgae far culturing Zoeal-I larvae were:C. calcitrans and D. zhangjiangensis 10x104-30x104cells/ml, P.subcodformis 2 x 104-5 x 104cells/ml.

    • >ROUNDUPS
    • HIGH SEAS STATUS OF THE CENTRAL BERING SEA AND ITS FISHERIES ISSUES

      1992, 16(3):289-293.

      Abstract (1875) HTML (0) PDF 390.50 K (1506) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:白令海位于北太平洋北部,被俄罗斯联邦的西伯利亚和堪察加半岛、美国的阿拉斯加和阿留申群岛所环绕。整个白令海的面积约为226.7万平方公里。中白令海指白令海中央、处于美国与俄罗斯联邦200海里区域之外,位于北纬55°—60°,东经174°—西经176°范围内的海域,面积约为18.1万平方公里,占整个白令海面积的8%。

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