Abstract:The results of a study on the variation in morphology and biochemistry of four populations of blunt snout bream from three lakes and one branch along the middle and lower reach of Changjiang River are presented. Discriminant analysis indicated that,overall,there was a significant difference among populations (p0.001),thus the fish could be identified as to their original water body with an accuracy of average 65.7%. The truss network morphometric analysis enhanced the discrimination among populations significantly. The mean proportion of polymorphism was 13.3—20.0%. The average heterozygosity was 0.0549—0.0851. The Nei genetic distance was 0—0. 0219.

Abstract:Disease of crucian carp has universally occurred in fish-farms in Shanghai suburbs and Jiangsu province since 1986. The disease makes very high incidence and mortality on the cultured fish. The important symptoms is that the infected fish appears, body surface congested,bug-eyed, anus swollen and red with inflated abdomen,and a great quantity of ascites in abdominal cavity. The histopa-thological inspection revealed that all diseased fish suffered from hemolysis, and serious anemia followed. Erythrocytes swollen and many red granular matters after dyed with H. E. presented in the cytoplasm. Hemolysis ocuured in whole viscera of diseased fish,all organs and tissues degenerated and necrosis, especially the liver, spleen and kidney.Although some papers have reported the diseased case of common carp, eel, channel catfish and salmon with much ascites and a very bulgy abdomen, but they didn't notice and mention the hemolysis, therefore, this fish disease is denominated to be hemolytic ascitesosis of crucian carp. The pathogens are Aeromenas sobria and A. hydrophila.

Abstract:The present investigation was undertaken for the purpose of selecting suitable food for the cultivation of the larvae of Penaeus penicillatus in different developmental stages, eleven species of unicellular algae, three species of animal food and two species of substitute food were used in the comparative experiments, the metamorphsis and survival rate of the larvae were taken as the index, The results obtained were as follows:1. Unicellular alges and soybean milk have been used respectively as food for the zoaea larvae, the results of effect are arranged in the following order:Isochrysis galhuma, Dicrateria zhanjangensis, Chaetoceros calcitrous, soybean milk Chaetoceros muelleri, Phaecdactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia closterium, Platymonas subcordiformis, Chlorella japonicus, microscopic alga (un-identified),Chlamydomonas sp., Dunaliclla sp.2. Single animal and egg yolk have respectively been used as food for the larvae (1st Mysis stage to 1st Post-larvae). The results of effects are shown in the following order: Ostra cucullata larvae (including fertilization egg and trochophora stage), Artemia saline (naupliar lavae), Brachionus plicatilis, egg yolk.3. The experiment shows that the conversion of food begins in the 3rd zoaea stage. The 1st Mysis stage is complex food, and during this period of development, using single animal or plant food to feed the larvae, the effect is nearly the same. But the effect of mixing food with the animal and plant is better than single animal or plant food.

Abstract:The study on the growth and mortality of Auxis thazard in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea, mainly based on the vertebra material of the species to determine age. The relation formulae between fork and vertebra radius were: L= 3.5517+7.6183R, the longth-weight relationship formulas are calculated to be and, where W=2.505×10^-6L^3.3193 and W'=1.658×10^-6L^3.4065 represent net body weight (g) and total body weight (g) respectively. The parameters of fork length and net body weight growth equation are: L_∞=484.44mm, W_∞=2050.76g, k=0.5109, t=-0.3598. The turning point on body weight growth curve of the species was stuated at t= 1.4461 years of age. The instantaneous rate of total mortality is 1.1368, and the instantaneous natural and fishing mortality rates are 0.9040 and 0.2328 respectively. The rate of exploitation is 0.2048, the species be- long to the fish resource of lower exploitation.

Abstract:关于中国对虾对蛋白质、氨基酸消化率的研究,虽然已有了一些,然而这些研究尚未涉及消化率在不同环境下及在不同生长条件下的变化。至于中国对虾对脂肪与淀粉消化率的测定,尚未见到正式报道。由于中国对虾是我国特有的水产养殖品种,所以对中国对虾消化生理的进一步研究,无论在学术上还是在养殖生产上都有重要的意义。

Abstract:关于鱼类血液学方面的研究虽已有文献报道,但是还存在着许多问题有待研究。例如鲤鱼血液中有无嗜碱粒细胞,白细胞内的颗粒类型,血栓细胞内有无颗粒等。上述这些问题至今在以往的文献和教材中仍有争议。因此,我们为了澄清鲤鱼血液学的这些问题,作了血细胞显微结构(fine structure)观察。在光学显微镜观察的基础上又进行电镜观察,以利对鲤鱼血细胞正确的分类。

Abstract:在异育银鲫胚胎的发育初期,进行短时间的强电场辐照,不仅能提高胚胎的孵化出苗率、发育期的抗低温能力、抗病能力和成活率,而且能加快其后期生长发育的速度。为探索其机理,我们选用这种鲫鱼的肌蛋白作为材料,进行了SDS-梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和氨基酸组分分析,还测量了它们的冷冻固化电子自旋共振波谱(ESR谱),并对其外形特征作了观察比较。

Abstract:皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ine性腺指数的测定,有用解剖性腺、并以几何或物理的手段比较出相对值这种经典方法,但实际应用中显得不够方便,而且生产上要求保留活体、连续测定、追踪观察和逐个选别,以便为育苗提供充分成熟的亲鲍。菊地等(1974)采用直观法将鲍性腺指数分为“O、1、2、3”四期,简便易行,不伤亲鲍,但不够连续,随意性大,失之粗略。

Abstract:鳗鲡(Ahguilla japonica Temm.et Schl.)又名河鳗、白鳝,属淡水鱼珍品。国际市场畅销,为我国水产创汇的拳头产品。我国台湾50年代初建场养鳗,现可年产商品鳗约3.5万吨。大陆自1972年发展成鳗养殖,目前年产5千吨以上,绝大多数为露天或温室池塘。网箱养鳗始于1987年,是浙江针对本地气温偏低,又缺地热、工厂余热,但有众多的水库和外荡,因一种紧迫感创造出来的新技术外荡网箱养鳗。嘉兴历来以出口鳗苗为主。

Abstract:随着工农业生产的发展,水域污染日趋严重,给水产增养殖业中的关键环节——育苗,带来了困难,使水质成为当前水产养殖(aquaculture)业的重要问题。 无机金属离子的污染是造成育苗成败的关键因素之一。1974年,wood从对水生生物有害的观点出发,将环境污染元素划分为三类(表1)。

Abstract:In north-western China there are vast area of alkaline soils. The fish ponds of sulfate alkaline type always produce sulfide poison which brings serious damage to fish farming. The sulfate reductions in water and sludge system are experimentally studied. Results are as follows: under certain conditions, the sulfide contents in water are in positive proportion to the sulfate contents; the sulfides in water are mainly the escaping products of the sulfate reduction in pond sludge, the sulfides easily accumulated at pH=7.5—8.5; the sulfate reductions almost not occure at the temperature of 4℃,the sulfides accumulates slowly under temperature 20℃ but fast over 30℃; the easily decomposing organisms speed up the sulfate reductions,in which the action of starches are stronger than sugar but humic acids inhibit it; in 1×10^-4N,the order which oxidants inhibit the sulfate reduction is, C₃O₃N₃Cl₂Na>KMnO₄>FeCl₃>KNO₃, in 1×1O^-3N,FeCl₃>C₃O₃N₃Cl₂Na>KMnO₄>KNO₃; the sulfate reduction is biological reduction.

Abstract:A strain of Actinomyces which possesses chitinase activity was isolated from a sample of mud in seafood processing factory. It grows at temperature 30℃ and at pH 7. Chitin are utilized as the only source of carbon for Streptomyces sp. This Actinomycete was shake cultured in a media containing chitin, salts and trace metal salts at 30℃ for 72—96 hr. The results showed that the β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase coexisted in this strain.

Abstract:A great amount of fish fry and fingerlings are transported from south-eastern part to north-eastern part of China every early spring. The long distant transportation by railroad must spend 4—7 days. For the purpose to assure the rate of survival and the high carrying density of fish, improved equipments and technique have been experimented and developed. The main factors affecting the survival rate of fry or fingerling are the purity and adequate dissolved oxygen in the water. In order to increase the dissolved oxygen content and purify the water in the containers,experiments of water purification and waterjet for fry and blowing aeration for fingerling are carried out. Some equipments which are simple and easy to operate with good performance have been developed successfully for transportation. The carrying density of fry or fingerling is doubly raised and the survival rate is increasesingly to 20—30% as compared with the traditional way.