• Volume 15,Issue 2,1991 Table of Contents
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    • >PAPERS
    • CHARACTERISTICS OF VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS ISOLATED FROM DISEASED CLAM MERETRIX MERETRIX AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON DISEASED CLAM BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

      1991, 15(2):85-95.

      Abstract (3245) HTML (0) PDF 3.35 M (1988) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:An eplzootic of high mortality of the hard clam Meretrix meretrix occured along the seabeach of the East China Sea, art investigating had been car-ried out during the period of August to October 1988. The diseased clam looked verythin, it could not sink into muddy sand and its shells loosely closed. There was noresidual of food in the digestive tract. The body colour became to light red. Para-sitic copepoda were found in the mantle cavity. Pathogenic bacterium was isolated from the diseased clam. Infection experi-ments ascertained that the bacteria were the cause of the disease.The isolates showed Gram-negative short, rods with a single polar flagellum. All strains grew well andformed large yellow colonies on TCBS ager and swarmed strikingly on marine agar.They produced acid but no gas from glucose. Tests for the decarboxylation of lysineand ornithine were positive and arginine negative. They could net grow in peptonewater lacking NaCl but grew well in peptone water containing 10% NaCl. They couldnormally grow at 43℃. The organisms were sensitive to vibriostatic agent 0/129(150 μg) and novobiocin (5μg). Thus the pathogenic bacterium was identified as Vibrio alginolyticus. The bacteria grew in 1% peptone water at optimum temperaturesof 20-37C, at optimum NaCl of 1-8% and at optimum pH from 6 to 10 respectively. Electron microscope examinations of the histological ultrathin sections of the diseased clam demonstrated the presence of rod-shaped pathogenic bacteria in af-fected intestinal epithelial cells and liver cells.The pathogen multiplied and formedcolonies in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells. Nucleus degenerated and waspushed to the margin of the cells. Microvilli and cytochondriomes in the epithelialcells were destroyed. The digestive tube and liver tissues of the host become necro-sis and histolysis.

    • HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT IN SCYLLA SERRATA

      1991, 15(2):96-103.

      Abstract (3050) HTML (0) PDF 982.00 K (2320) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The oogenesis and ovarian development of the mud crab, ScyllaSerrata, were described. Based on the changes of nucleus and cytoplasm of germcells, vitellus formation and relationship between oocytes and follicle cells, oogene-sis of Scylla serrata, being similar to those found in other decapods,can be devidedinto three stages, i. e., oogonia, previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytas. Basedmainly on the development of germ cells and follicle cells in ovary, also on theexternal features of ovary (size. morphology, color, etc.), the ovarian developmentcan be derided into six stages as follows. Ⅰ. Undeveloped stage, an inactive phase of oogenesis. The ovaries at this stageare ribbonlike, small and transparent. There is only a few germ cells in the ovaryand no obvious multiplication could be observed. Ⅱ. Early-developing stage, active proliferation of oogonis, differentiation andearly development of oocytes. The ovariesat this stage increase gradually in sizeand attain a zigzag contour with milk-white color. Ⅲ. Developing stage, a main period of vitellus formation. The ovaries increaserapidly in size, being pale-yellow to yellow in colour. Ⅳ. Nearly-ripe stage,the ovaries in this stage become large in size and orangeto reddish-orange in colour. Ⅴ. Ripe stage, the ovaries remain same size as in stage Ⅳ, besides the discernibleprojecting follicles and bright reddish-orange colour. For the accumulation of agreat amount of yolks, the oocytes appears to maximum ia volume, and the nucleibreakup. Ⅵ. Post-spawning stage, after spawn, the ovaries degenerate, small in sizeand become grey and semi-transparent. The spent ovaries contain few residual oocy-res, which degenerate and absorbed. Some vacuoles, which hardly appear in other decapod oocytes, were found inmost previtellogenic oocytes of Scylla serrata. Extensive ovarian degeneration werefound fna few individuals at early-developing stage, which might be resulted fromlac of mating or starvation etc.

    • ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROBENTHICS OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATERS

      1991, 15(2):104-116.

      Abstract (1836) HTML (0) PDF 2.94 M (1333) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper presents the result of ecological studies of the macro-benthic fauna in the Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters. The materialsfor study were collected in four cruises during 1982-1983. The composition anddistribution of species and density was described and discussed. Relative abundance of Echinodermata is in the area northern to the rivermouth. Poly-chaeta was found everywhere in the surveyed region, but Crustaceawas found abundant in the area northern to the river mouth. The distribution of bio-mass and density is extremely uneven, but both of high biomass and high density were basically similar, in the area northen to Changjiang River estuary. The hi-ghest record of biomass occured in August, being X=23.27gm-2, but the lowest inFebruary, being X=10.09gm-2. The highest record of density was in August,being X=84.8ind. m-2, but the lowest in February, being X=20.1ind.m-2. In thispaper, the seasonal change in abundance (biomass and density) of Xenophthalmuspinnotheroides was described too

    • COMPONENT OF BACTERIA AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SETTLEMENT SUBSTRATUM OF LARVAE OF SCALLOP

      1991, 15(2):117-123.

      Abstract (1863) HTML (0) PDF 456.30 K (1423) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Ninety-nine strains of attached bacteria were isolated from settlem-ent substratum of larvae of Argopecten irradians L. in hatchery tanks. The bacteriawere identified and classified into nine genera, including Vibrio, Pseudomonas,Achromobacter, Bacillus, Aeromonas, Staphalococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium and Flavobacterium. After the settlement of larvae, the bacteria isolated from subs- tratum were all Gram's negative rods. The settlement of larvae need certain amountof attached bacteria on the surface of substratum. Experiments with single-species'films indicated that individual bacteria strain varied in their capacity in inducingsettlement of larvae. Some bacteria strains could induce seventy-six percent morelarvae to settle than none film's control, while others failed to induce settlementof Larvae, or even inhibited the process

    • OBSERVATION ON CYTOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN SOME FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS

      1991, 15(2):124-129.

      Abstract (1922) HTML (0) PDF 1.05 M (1636) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Histological observation on the mantles in some freshwater mollusksindicate that the connective tissue of the mantle originate from cell-polymerized-mass(CPM). The cytogenesis of CPM usually take place in a kind of sac structureand the reproduction of cells inside the sac can form many 3 to 20 GPM that dissi-milar in size, each are made up of a large number of cells with no intercellular sub-stance. As CPM develops, the sac wall breaks and CPM get out of the sac. Finally,the cells of CPM disperse into the connective tissue surroundings. There are otherkind of quasi-cell-polymerized-mass(QCPM) distributed over the marginal mantle.The process of cytogenisis and development of QCPM are observed and are compar-ed with OPM, and indicate that QCPM made the formation of both histocyte andhisto--structure of the connective tissue of the marginal mantle. As the CPM develops, some different cells such as fibroblastes and granule cellsare formed. The transformation between these two kinds of cells are constantly occu-rred: fibroblasts gradually accumulate the granule slime uacuoles and finally developinto spherelike granule cells. Sphere-Like granute cell revert to the original stateafter the slime vacuoles were released. Therefore, as the new connective tissue for-med from the developments of the CPM or QCPM, two kinds of secretory materialare produced, ie. fibrous material and granule slime vacuoles, the former constitutesthe fundamentals of the connective tissue while the latter is related to the formationof the shell.

    • ON THE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA OF THE HEMOLYTIC ASCITESOSIS OF ALLOGYNOGENETIC CRUCIAN CARP

      1991, 15(2):130-139.

      Abstract (3210) HTML (0) PDF 1.16 M (2240) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Hemolytic ascitesosis of allogynogenetic crucian carp occured rece-ntly both in the suburb of Shanghai and Wujian County (Jiashu Province). Experi-ments of isolation and artificial infection tests have been done and the virulent pat-hogenic bacteria strains such as N-1-2,89-7-14, D-Ⅱ-1 were available. Accordingto the morphological features of the bacterium, cultural characteristics,physiologicaland biochemical reacts, and the G+C Mol % of these strains, it was identified to be Aeromonas sobia and A. hydrophila of moving Aeromonas. By applying the methods of tachypleus amebocyte lysate, serum of five ill fishwhich were artifecally infected by N-1-2 strain has been given the qualitative ana-lysis of endotoxin, and the result is positive. The same experiment has been appliedto the serum of four other healthy fish, and the result is negative. Then the disrup-ted bacteria cell suspension of the strain is injected to healthy fish, the result ob-tained are the same as those caused by pathogeny cells infection, so it is consideredthat the pathogony during its growing, reproduction and self-dissolving within thefish produces and liberates such a substance as endotoxin which caused the fish di-sease.

    • THE EFFECT OF HEATING PROCESS ON THE QUALITY OF MINCED SARDINE FISH PRODUCTS

      1991, 15(2):140-147.

      Abstract (1962) HTML (0) PDF 517.27 K (1701) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Different methods of heating minced sardine fish were carried outin order to evaluate the quality of the products. Water-holding property is analysedby using the new method of expressible water indication (Ip--A), the relation be-tween heating method and water-holding property was discussed, and the changeof minced fish myosin in post-heating and pre--heating is measured in this paper. The experiment results show that those samples quality is best to process mine-ed fish at 30℃ 120 min., 90℃ 30 min. and after 40℃ 20 min., 90℃ 30 min. Gellingbroken a. rea is at 60℃ in minced sardine. The relation of water pressured with gellingstrength showed negative linear correlation, r=-0.9649. Remainder of myosindecreased rapidly between 30℃ and 40℃, but it decreased slowly afterward whenit was heated at 60℃. By heated at 90℃ the relation between myosin-remainder andlogarithm of heating time showed a negative linear correlation, r=-0.9957.

    • NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF CHOLEASTERONE AND PHOSPHOLIPID FOR CHINESE PRAWN,PENAEUS ORIENTALIS

      1991, 15(2):148-154.

      Abstract (1837) HTML (0) PDF 2.51 M (1534) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The dietary test of prawn was designed by means of the gradientmethod for cholesterone and phospholipid. The results showed that there were nota-ble effect both of them on promoting the growth and survival rate of the prawn. Thecholesterone is the essential adding nutrient in the formulated prawn diet. Accor-ding to the need for growth and survival and the amount of cholesterone in muscle oftesting prawn, 0.5% of cholesterone content in the diet will be enough for the nu-tritional requirement. Phospholipid is also very important in the prawn diet. It notonly affects the survival rate, but also promots the content of cholesterone in muscleof the prawn. In this test, when the diet contains soyabean oil 3%,fish oil 2.5% andcholesterone 0.5%, the optimum content of phospholipid is 3% satisfied the mutr-itional requirement.

    • >RESEARCH NOTES
    • EFFECT OF SUDDEN RAISE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL RATE FOR TEN SPECIES OF CRUSTACEAN

      1991, 15(2):155-160.

      Abstract (1895) HTML (0) PDF 2.52 M (1298) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:温度是影响海洋生物生长繁殖和分布的一个重要因子。在适温范围内,生物可以正常生长繁殖;超过适温范围时,生物的行为活动以及生长繁殖都将受抑制,甚至导致死亡。张伟权等(1980)、王克行等(1984)曾观察过温度对中国对虾幼体存活率和生长的影响,黄加祺和郑重(1986)、林森杰和李松(1988)、Bhattacharga(1984)、Bradley(1975)、Moreira(1982)分别报道过温度与某些桡足类生长、繁殖及存活率关系的实验结果。有关虾、蟹等经济动物和浮游甲壳类的行为生态与分布,不少学者已作过较细致的研究和论述。

    • FLOATING CULTIVATION OF THE WATER SPINACH (IPOMOEA AQUATICA)FOR THE PURPOSE OF FISH CULTURE

      1991, 15(2):161-164,176.

      Abstract (1714) HTML (0) PDF 366.45 K (1445) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:随着草食性鱼类养殖的迅速发展,青饲料供不应求和青饲料地十分紧缺等问题日益突出。为寻求解决这些问题,作者于1985—1988年进行了水体表面浮植水蕹菜养鱼的研究工作。现将主要研究结果报道如下。

    • THE ROLE OF CRUSTACEAN HYPERGLYCEMIC HORMONE IN GLYCOGENOLYSIS OF VERTEBRATE HEPATOCYTES

      1991, 15(2):165-168.

      Abstract (1770) HTML (0) PDF 287.77 K (1476) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:甲壳类高血糖激素(Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone,CHH)于1944年在眼柄抽提液发现,当时称致糖尿因子(diabetogenic factor),此后大量报告相继出现。现已清楚,CHH由眼柄内或脑下的窦腺(sinus gland)所分泌,是一类热敏(heat-labile)、大分子(约7000MW)肽类激素,其靶器官(target organ)为肌肉,系经腺苷环酶而起作用,使肌肉中醣原分解而增加血淋巴中葡萄糖浓度。为了探讨无脊椎动物的激素对脊椎动物的效应。

    • ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FIVE FRESHWATER FISHES IN CHINA

      1991, 15(2):169-171.

      Abstract (2980) HTML (0) PDF 2.24 M (1405) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:近年来,由于水产养殖事业不断发展,许多学者在对海水鱼类脂肪酸组成的分析、提取和利用等研究取得了成果的基础上,又逐渐转对淡水养殖鱼类脂肪酸的研究并引起人们的重视。国外的一些文献、资料显示,已有相当多的学者在淡水鱼类脂肪酸的研究领域中做了不少工作,然而对于我国主要淡水养殖对象的鲤科鱼类脂肪酸组成的分析研究却几乎尚未开展。为此,作者对五种鲤科鱼类(草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙、团头鲂)的脂类脂肪酸组成进行了考察,从而分析了它们的营养价值,并为研究该五种鱼类的脂肪酸代谢过程提供了基本数据。这对于改善养殖条件,提高淡水鱼类养殖的产量和质量,都具有一定的意义。

    • THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEMPERATURE AND THE EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LEIOCASSIS LONGIROSTRIS

      1991, 15(2):172-176.

      Abstract (1828) HTML (0) PDF 2.50 M (1444) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:鱼类的胚胎发育(embryonic development)与水温具有十分密切的关系。国内外一些学者先后探讨了鲤鱼(Cyprinus caripo)、湖红点鲑(Salvelimus namaycush)等多种鱼类发育的有效温度、最适温度和临界温度,以及鱼类胚胎对水温的敏感性、依从性等内容。

    • THE REQUIREMENTS OF FATTY ACIDS,CHOLESTEROLS AND PHOSPHOLLPIDS FOR FISHES AND PRAWNS

      1991, 15(2):177-184.

      Abstract (2026) HTML (0) PDF 2.63 M (1464) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:脂类的脂肪酸,类脂质的胆固醇和磷脂,有的可由鱼虾机体生物合成,有的则不能或合成量远远达不到不能满足鱼虾在发育生长阶段的需要。由此而产生的缺乏症,严重影响幼龄期鱼虾的生存和生长。改善鱼虾对脂肪酸、胆固醇和磷脂的需求,是用提高外源性营养水平的办法。因此,认识脂肪酸、胆固醇和磷脂在鱼虾生命活动中的生理功能、缺乏症和需要量,对制定鱼虾的饲料标准和提高鱼虾的生存率、生长率都有十分重要的意义。

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