Abstract:The growth and reproduction of the Simocephalus vetuloides Sars at 12-23℃, 20℃ and 30℃ has been studied in the laboratory. The growth rate varies with the number of instars. Most of growth curves show an initial high rate in the juveniles, an intermediate rate in the young adults and a low rate in the older adults. The total life span on a decrescent basis varies with the increasing of temperature.This species produces about 205. 12 yaungs in 45.80± 20.54 days of its life span at 12--23℃, 205-21 youngs in 50.20±9.86 days of its life span at 20℃ and 97.79 yaungs in 29.20±2.15 days of its life span at 30℃. This species has a higher rate of young production (a=11.96,10.22) at 12-23℃ and 20℃ than at 30℃ (a=8.21). The results of these experiments show a appropriate temperature in 15-20℃.The culture of S'.vetuloides are divided into 2 groups at 20℃. one is in original medium, and the another is in new medium by changing every 5 days. Rich food can promote it's life Span. The sum of young and the sum of broods are increased,and interval of praduations are shortened.

Abstract:Guangdong bream has bean a chief commercial fish in the Pearl River. A study on the age and growth with reference to its maximum sustaining yield has been conducted. The scale is as good as the aperculum far age determination. The formation of annulus in the scale occurs from March to June every year.The relationship between the radius (R) of the scale and the Length of the body is in linear regression. Thia relationship can be expressed as the formula; L=37.73R+50.52. The relationship between the age (t) and the body length (L) can be expre-seed by the equation; L=472[1一e ^{-0.1989(t+0.1413)}].The Weight (w)-age (t) relati-onship can be described as W=2808.6[1一[1一e ^{-0.1989(t+0.1413)}].The first maturity of the smallest female occurs at 254mm in length,320 grams in weight and. three years of age, while the ms,ie occurs at 215mm in length, 180 grams in weight and two years old. The absolute fecundity ranges from 54,074--375,300 eggs (131,024 eggs on the average).The total mortality of Guangdong bream in the Pearl River was calcuiated to be 0.58, include natural mortality of 0.31 and a catching mortality of 0.27. At present the age class in the harvest is mainly three years old. In such a case it would lee difficult to maintain the maximum sustaining yield. If the catchable age class can be shift to four years of age and the fishing effort is controlled to 0.35, a 16% in-casement in total yield might be expeoted and the primary relative abundance of the reproductive population can be maintained in a stable state.

Abstract:The appropriate protein content, fat content and calorie-protein ratio in the diet for the freshwater shrimp have been studied. The experimental diets were composed of casein, dextrin, mixed.oils, mixed vitamins and. minerals.The shrimp used in the experiment were 1.77 ±0.23 gRams in weight, and reared at the water temperature of 21 and 25℃. Talking the weight gain, food conversion and α--amylase activities of liver-pancreas as evaluation indexes, the results of the experiment indicate that 36.8--42.27% protein content, 6-12% fat content about 8 Kcal/per gram protein calorie-protein ratio (C/P) and 3006-3561 Kcal/Kg in the formulated diet seems suitable. When the total calorie of the formulated diet is given a certain range, the a-amylase activities of liver-pancreas are enhanced with the increase of carbohydrate content in the diet.

Abstract:The blood cytology and histology of formation in Megalobrama amblycephala Yih have been studied. The pulp of spleen,the intertubular tissue of kidney, the sinusoid Of liver and the submucosa of small intestine are main henlato-poietie centers of the fish. The number of blood cells producedly each hematopoietic organs vary monthly. While the parent cells flow from the hematpopietic organs into the peripheral blood vessels complete the process of maturation. The deoelopment of erythrocyte is described in the paper, and the difference between the parent neutro-phils and the matured ones is discussed. But the development of monocytes，lympho-cytes and coarse grannlocytes need to be further studied.

Abstract:随着用于分离海藻体细胞和原生质体工具酶的增多,近几年来,海藻单离细胞和原生质体的培养取得了较大进展,特别是对一些经济海藻如海带、紫菜的原生质体培养,国内外均进行了大量研究。严兴洪等把坛紫菜叶状体体细胞的复杂发育分化趋势初步归结成八类,并且建立了坛紫菜叶状体体细胞的分化模型。阐明坛紫菜叶状体体细胞的发育分化规律,不仅能为利用坛紫菜体细胞直接快速采苗,改进传统采苗工艺的新技术提供科学的理论依据,而且对于开展坛紫菜体细胞与其它紫菜间的细胞融合的正确选材以及细胞融合以后的杂种筛选等研究均具较大意义。为此,我们对坛紫菜叶状体体细胞进行了连续数代克隆培养。单个细胞培养在高等植物中已获成功,但在海藻细胞培养中还未见报道,探讨单个细胞培养途径,对开展海藻细胞工程研究具重要价值。

Abstract:Lophiodes abdituspinus Ni, Wu et Li, sp. nov. D. II(I)，8; A. 6;P. 16;V. 1-5;C.8.The species is distinguished from L.infrabruneus Smith et Radcliffe by having unbifid strong Numeral spine and very short third dorsal spine oampletely imbedded within skin. Holotype, D--2583，215mm SL. collected from 20°22'N, 115°52'E-20°22'05"N，115°57'05"E，at 665-649m, an April 1，1981，end deposited at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute.

Abstract:自King和Briggs 1952年首次报道了细胞核移植在两栖类上获得成功以来,这项卓绝的技术引起国内外学者的极大重视和兴趣,并逐渐应用到两栖类以外的其它动物。在我国,童第周教授等1963年首次应用此项技术于鱼类。他们在金鱼和鳑鮍鱼上的开拓性实验,证明鱼类细胞核同样可以进行核移植。七十年代起,我国在鱼类细胞核移植方面的研究得到迅速发展,并逐渐以理论研究走向实际应用。在鲫、鲤,鲢、草鱼、团头鲂等鱼类上进行研究,得到了几个不同组合的移核鱼或胚胎,其中某些移核杂交鱼是可育的。为了进行鱼类遗传改良研究,作者在草鱼、青鱼、团头鲂上着手进行了细胞核的移植,利用体外长期培养的体细胞作供体,在属间和亚科间鱼类上作移核实验,得到了不同发育期的胚胎。现将此工作作简要报道。

Abstract:光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria)简称为PSB,是种营养价值较高且营养组份较全的细菌。在厌氧弱光条件下,具有处理低分子有机物,净化水质等显著功效。当前,在淡水、能源、饲料粮三紧缺的条件下,将其用于池塘养殖中,能获得节水节电节省饲料粮的效果。同时利用PSB富含维生素(尤以B族维生素最多)和辅酶Q等生理活性物质,将PSB混拌添加于鱼种精饲料内或泼洒于池塘中。通过提高鱼种饵料的营养水平,增强鱼种抗病力和改善鱼池水质,以达到提高鱼种成活率和增产、降低成本之目的。用PSB菌液进行链、鳙、草鱼、鲂夏花的池塘育种并育成11.8厘米左右的大规格鱼种试验,迄今尚未见正式报导,为此,我们于1989年在山东省济宁市郊区淡水养殖试验场做了此项试验,现报告如下。

Abstract:大鲵Megalobatrachus davidianus(Blanchard),俗名娃娃鱼,是我国现存的唯一一种大型两栖动物,并被列为我国的第二类保护动物。其肉质细嫩、鲜美,并有较高的药用价值,是特种水产品养殖的良好品种。但长期以来,国内外对大鲵的研究,多集中在外部形态观察、系统解剖分析、生态及资源调查,未进行过营养方面的研究,而要保护并利用大鲵资源,进行人工养殖,对大鲵及其天然饵料营养方面的了解是不可缺少的,因此开展大鲵肌肉及其天然饵料营养成分比较研究,对保护和利用大鲵资源具有一定的意义。

Abstract:太湖新银鱼Neosalanx taihuensis Chen是长江中下游湖泊的重要经济鱼类之一。我们以胚胎细胞制取染色体标本,进行了太湖新银鱼春季群染色体组型的研究。

Abstract:Demersal trawl collections of fishes were made in 4 seasons (May,1983 to February, 1984) at 50 stations distributed between 40 and 200-m isobeths on the continental shelf.Based on presence-absence data of 125 fishes recorded at least 3 times in thg 200 hauls，the spacies are clustered by group--average rlassi.fi-cation of an association matrix of Jaccard's coefficient of community. Eight co-occurrent species groups are derived. The dominant species group is further dig-ided into 4 subgroups.To illustrate the environmental requirements of fishes,the abundances of each species are arranged along gradients of depth, bottom layer temperature，salinity and sediment types. The gradient analysis shows that the clustering pracedure groups the fishes that have similar reactions to properties of the environment. Thus, the groupings are used to sun}zuarire erwironmental requirements and distribution ranges of fishes. A subgroup of indifferent species spreads and dominants throughout the shelf area. Other species groups and sub-groups are associated with certain environmental conditians and their distributions zone with depth. The dramatic increase in depth and decrease of temperature. on the shelf edge coincide with the distributiona.l limits of most shelf fishes. The abundane.es of all species groups decrease or disappear on the shelf edge, but the ahundances of the species group characterizing shelf edge and slop environments increase w ith depth. The species groupings as inverse analysis of community patterns indicate that due to environmental changes, the assemblages of fishes vary with depth and faunal changes a.re rapid on the shelf edge region. This conforms the results of previous normal analysis of the community.

Abstract:The ovarian development, maturation and spawning in grass prawn, P. monodon from grow-out adults in the earth ponds could effectly be induced under the laboratory cunditions. By adopting the technques of unieyestalk ablation and/or exposed in dim blue and green Light intensity(80-120 lux),ovarian development and maturation or spawning of feamles occured respectively in 64.8% and 15.5% of test animals，with a total induced effect of 80.3 percent.The females showed their ovarian development in 10 days or longer after the induced treatment.Prawn's size and seawater temperature were closely related to gonadal develop-ment and spawning. Usually the females with a body weight over 70 gram in tha season of May to September with a higher water temperature (average T of 25.0-29.5℃)were more easily successful in inducement. Spawning behavior of females(11 times in total during experimental periady accured only in those months with higher water temperature.

Abstract:Keluke Lake, located in tha hinterland of Qinghai--Xizang(Tibet)Plateau (2, 800m above the sea level)，is the only freshwater body of the Qinghai Province. The lake water has very low of salinity (0.78%)and abundant in aquatic plants, zooplankton and zoobenthos, but only two species of local fishes, i. e.Gymnocypris and Nemachilus inhabit in the lake. However, the average water temperature is rather low (in May to September often below 18℃).Since 1973, many species of freshwater fish introduced into the lake, inclu-ding common carp, crucian tarp, silver carp, big head, grass carp, black carp and blunt-snout bream, in which common carp and crueian carp grow well and reached to sexual maturation in the Iahe, and. grass carp and blunt-snout bream grow well but not yet matured, but silver carp, big head and black carp seem, hard to be dome-stieated. For further exploitation of biological resources, an appropriate fish composition would be of great significance to increase the productivity of the Take and to establish a management and fishing organization far introduction and domestica-tion of suitable species.

Abstract:The effeot of several treatments on quality of silver carp under low temperature frozen storage were observed. The changes of biochemical and tex-tural properties were meaauxed. The aim of this study is to find an optimal refri-geration technology for silvar carp. Eiochemical properties include K-value and EPN-value (salt Extractable Protein Nitrogen). Textural properties are measured by Ottawa Texture Measuring Systen with Extrusion Shearing Cell. The results show that，(1) The pretreatment(gutting etc.) of fish before frozen significantly affects the freshness (K-value) of muscle(p<0.01);(2)The Fast-freeaing method obviously reduces tha damage of texture, and significantly maintain the freshness of the muscle (p<0.01)。(3) Comparing with -1 8℃，under -30℃ frozen storage significantly decreases the rate of protein denaturatian ( p<0.05)，(4) Through 26-weelrs frozen storage, there is no significant difference in g-value and EPN-value between the glazed or unglaged fish (p>0.05).