Abstract:The scyphistomae of Rhopilema esculenta were cultivated under different nul,ritional conditions in Laboratory. Seven groups were divided, and fed with freshly hatched naupill of Artemia sp.Feeding intervals were 1, 2, 4, 7,14, 21 and 28 days for each group respectively. The effect of nutrition on the formation and germination of the poaocyst were observed. The scyphistomae produe e 7 .4 po-docysts on the average under feeding each day, and germinating rate can reach 28.6%.In lack of nutriment, the formation of podacyst is inhibited or very few.The scyphistomae would produce only 1.1 podocysts on the average under malnutri-tion, and germinating rate is scarce or unable to germinate. It indicates that the number of podoeyst formed and germinating rate are closely related to nutrient level of scyplaistomae.

Abstract:The ultrastructure of pearl sacs of Cristaria plicata Leach in dif-ferent developmental stages were observed under electronic microscope. The epi-thelial cells of pearl sac have abundant microvilli in their apical surfaces, well-de-velaped basal membrane--inv aginated system and intercellular spaces ( latteral)，and there are a lot of mitochondria, ribosomes and Golgi bodies in the cytoplasm.During the early development, the epithelial cells and their nuclei are coluzunar,some nucleus division can be seen;lysosomes are strongly activelysis of cellular organelles occur usually, and many lamellar bodies form;most of the ribosomes are isolated granules scattered in the cytoplasm. During the latter development, howe-ver, the epithelial cells become euhoid or squamous, the form of the nuclei are irre-gular; lysasomes and the basal membrane-invaginated system are less than those in the early period, but the inteaeellular spaces become extremely noticeable.Rough exxdopiasmic reticulum increrses in number and almost all of the ribosomes accumulate as rosette configurations called polysomes. The connective tissue adjacent to the epithelium Consists of cells, including fibroblasts and quasi-canrieetive-tissue-calcium (QCTC) cells and myocytes, inter-cellular microfilaments, cell-like structures and cell pieces. There are more fibroblasts in the early period,more intercellular microfilaments and cell pieces and cell--like structures occur in the latter period.

Abstract:The regeneration characteristics of the tissue fragments from Ca-loglossa leprieurii thallus were studied and the method of rope-adhering seedlings regenerated from tissue fragments was developed. Tha results are as follows:1 .The tissue fragments from v egetative leaches poasess great. capacity of rege-neration.2. The suitable site of the fragment is 50 to 100 cells.3. The specific gravity of the culture medium is 1 .010-1.025, the optimum va-lue is 1.015. 4.The proper amount of chitin added in the culture medium can enhance the regeneration and raise the adhension ratio of the pellets. Under ordinary tempera-ture and light for 15-20 days of culture, the regeneration buds became visible, after another 30 days of culture in a larger water body with aeration, the algae could grow to normal adult size. The method is easy to operate, and it will probably be-come a useful technique for seaweed production.

Abstract:The Feeding habits of the purple sea urchin around the coast of Dalian was investigated. The results show that mature sea urchin in natural sea area mainly feed on algae and small animals, among which Laminaria japonica and Ulva pertusa occur frequently The food taken by sea urchin is greatly related to their living surroundings. If food is rich, the urchin will make its choice.The pre-ferential order about algae are Undaria and Laminaria in Phaeophyta, Chondrus and Gelaclium in Rhodophyta and Ulva and Enteromorypha in Chloraphyta.Some animal food are also taken by the sea urchin. Therefore the feeding habits of S.nudus is omnivorous.

Abstract:青鱼是我国主要养殖鱼类,产量高、经济效益较好。但目前采用的养殖方式,由于放养密度过大,生态条件较差,抑制了青鱼的正常生长,致使饲养周期过长。一般从鱼苗养成食用鱼多数要四年,前三年是鱼种养殖阶段,第四年才是食用鱼养殖阶段。由于青鱼长期生活在密集的环境中,又经过多次起捕、放养等操作的折腾，易受伤、发病，所以总成活率较低，影响了青鱼养殖的发展。为了改变传统的青鱼养殖方式，我们自19$3年开始，从简化养殖工艺、减少鱼种生产环节和改善生态条件着手，采取了适当稀养的方式，进行了二年养成食用青鱼的研究。即，第一年为鱼种养殖，将当年夏花直接养成300克左右的大规格鱼种，这在传统养殖中需要二年才能完成:第二年为食用鱼养殖，将大规格鱼种直接养成食用鱼。这就缩(shortening)了养殖周期(cultnring cycle)。由此，鱼种和食用鱼产最均达到了传统养殖二龄青鱼和食用成鱼的高产水平。现将结果报道如下。

Abstract:随着对虾养殖业的发展,对虾加工的废弃物——对虾头[约占整只对虾30%～40%(W/W)]的数量也随之大增。因此,如何充分而有效地利用它,提高其利用价值,是一个值得研究的课题。目前国内大部份地区仅利用虾头制造鱼粉,作为饲料、饵料甚至肥料,利用价值很低;也有少数地区利用虾头生产“虾味素”、“虾黄素”和“虾酱”等制品。但对于这些制品的化学组成份,尤其是呈味成份的分布及含量尚未作过系统而全面的研究。因此，要在生产工艺ail成品质量上作有效的控制甚为困难。

Abstract:七十年代中期以来,中国沿海机动渔船迅速增加,其中250马力以下小型渔船占极大比例。随着海洋捕捞产量增加,海洋鱼类资源状况也在不断恶化,渔获物中优质鱼的比例持续降低。单位马力产量和网次产量下降。因此,必须在国家大力发展远洋渔业的同时,尽快地大幅度减轻对近海渔场的捕捞压力，加强渔政管理，井对效量众多的中、小型渔船实施技术改造。1988年6月作者们受福建连江县某渔业公司委托，对该单位250马力钢质、木质渔船进行技术改造。该项目包括对250马力钢质渔船改装导管螺旋桨，对25a马力木质渔船改装导管螺旋桨并加装250马力带普通螺旋桨边机。在机、桨改装的基础上通过实测和计算获知渔船拖力，并按动力相似原理匹配新网，在海上进行对比生产。试验工作已历时一年。渔船海上生产也有6~8个月，已取得初步成效。

Abstract:对蟾蜍、鱼类胚胎的质子核磁弛豫的研究发现,在胚胎发育期中的神经胚期出现质子纵向核磁弛豫时间T₁值为一极大值。几年来,我们用各种物理手段对蟾蜍和几种淡水鱼胚胎在不同发育期进行物理刺激,发现在鱼类胚胎早期和神经期接受较强电场或磁场刺激后,不仅其后期生长速度显著加快,而且胚胎发育期抗温变能力有明显提高,孵化出苗率也有较大幅度增加。1989年5月,我们在上海嘉定县望新鱼苗场对团头鲂早期胚胎进行了中等规模（10公斤受精卵）电场刺激试验,取得了令人满意的后期结果。

Abstract:国内有关鱼类肝癌的报道尚未见到。日本学者日比谷京(1982) 曾在其著作中描述过虹鳟和肝癌。W.E.里贝林,G.三垣(1980)也叙述过一些鲑科鱼类肝癌的病例。Stanton(1965)曾用实验手段诱导鱼类产生肝变性和肿瘤。

Abstract:鱼类的生殖是受环境影响的。感觉器官把外界环境的刺激(如温度、光照等)传送到脑,使下丘脑分泌促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH),激发脑垂体分泌促性腺激素作用于性腺并促使性腺分泌性甾类激素,以促使性腺发育成熟及排出精子和卵子。

Abstract:The experimental larvae and. spat were abtained by spawning and catching of the breeders from an area with a salinity of 26 .0-28.0‰，The effects of temperature and salinity on the growth and development of the larvae and spat was observed. The IarG"ae were cultured in sea, water of salinity range between 8.4 and 32 .4‰ showed good results, the optimum salinity being 12 .4‰.The suitable and optimum salinity range for spat were 8.4-28.4‰and 12.4‰ respectively.Temperature also has effect on the larvae and spat, with the difference of salinity.The suitable and optimum temperature range for the free-swimming larvae were 17--25℃ and 21℃ respectively, and that far spat were 13-25℃ and 17℃, in a sui-table salinity of 28.4‰，Larv ae and spat all show ed low tolerance when water tempperature was over 25℃. In optimum salinity (12 .4‰)，the optimum temperature for larvae and spat were 25℃ and 21℃ respeotively. The larvae can tolerate to high,salinity than to low salinity.

Abstract:Altogether the samples of 449 mudskipper for this study were collected in prawn pond from Zhuyu (Zhangpu County, Fujian Province) and in tidal mudflat from Haieang, Xiamen during March to May of 1989. The seeond pectoral radial bone was selected for age determination and the scale was used only to check age reading. The pectoral radial bane becomes flat and the central area of the second radial bone is observable clearly, with alternating broad transpa-rent zone (rapid growth) and narrow opaque band (slow growth) under transmitted light. The narrow ossified bands on the pectoral radial bone are farmed annually,but sometimes the reabsorption of narrow ossified bands on the bone may occur.The relationship between body length L (mm) and length of proximal portion of the second pectoral radial bone R(mm) is expressed as R=0.06612+0.02883L (r=0.9947), the length-weight relationship formulas are calculated to be W=1 .4661x 10^-5L^3.0097(r=0.9990)，W'=1.7397 x 10^-5L^3.0052(r=0.9983) ,The parameters of the von Bertalanffy body length growth equation are:L_∞= 183. 39mm,K=0.2574, t₀ =一1.2480，the parameters of net body weight growth equation are : W_∞= 86.96g,K=0.2770, t₀=一1.2173, t_r=2.75.The catch of the mudskipper consists of } year classes, from age group I to age group IV, excluding the age group 0. The fish of the prawn pond of Zhuyu may at-tain age group IV, while the fish of the mudflat of Haicang only live to age groupII. An analysis of the growth rate and Fultan's Condition Factor shows that the fish of the prawn pond of Zhuyu grow much quicker and are fatter than those of the mudflat of Haicang. The individual absolute fecundity F (eggs) ranges from 4100 to 24600 (mean 12600)，the individual relative fecundity F/L (eggs/mm) ranges from 51 to 228 (mean 115) and F/W (egg/g) from 329 to 2117 (mean 774).The ecological characteriatias given show that the herbivorous mudskipper is one of the r-selected species which grazes on the soft mud ingesting benthie diatoms and filamentous algae. It is considered to culture miaedly with prawn in the pond.

Abstract:The experiments were carried out in ponds of Shanghai and Gu-angdang province. The gonad development and inducing results of silver carp and bighead were observed annually from age 1+ to 4 on 4 populations, of which two of them were the natural populations from Changjiang and Zhujiang Rivers,the other two populations were from hatcheries of Changjiang and zhujiang river systems. The fish raised in Guangdong matured one year earlier than those raised in Shanghai, it is coincident with the fish from the original rivers.In the same cultivated environment the two natural populations and two hatchery populartions all matured in the same month and were suceessful in induced spawning.The results indicate that the environmental factors play an essential role in gona-dal maturation of silver carp and bighead,while the artificial reproduction does not cause the earlier maturity under non--inbreeding condition. It is estimated that the demand of total heat far maturity of silver carp is about 20,000 degree-days and for bighead is about 26,000 degree-days.

Abstract:The scales were used for age determination of mud carp. The mate-rials were collected in Xijiang River from Wuzhou to Guiping in April 1984 to March 1986. It was found that new annual ring began to appear mostly from March to October. The fish matured at 3 years old and the growth rate decreased after matu-ration.The length-weight relationship formula was calculated to be W=1 .1825x10-5L3.1457 and the relationship between the scale length and standard length was expressed to be R=0.01915L-0.005, where W, L and R represent body weight,standard length and scale lenght respectively. The growth of the mud carp in Xi-jiang River corresponds to von Bertalanffy's growth equation:W_t=29504.87(1一e^{-o.o7(t-1.1429)} )³.L_t=971.14(1一e^{-0.07(t-0.1429)}).here W_t is body weight in grams at the age of t, and L_t is standard Length in mm at the age of t.For conservation and enhancement of the breeding population, it is necessary to regulate that the minimum legal harvestable age of this fish should be 3 years old, and size of 250 mm in length and 430 grams in weight.