Abstract:The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Carassius auratusbeZia,arassas auratus cuiera and Carassius auratus auratus Were digested by thirteenrestriction endonucleases, Via..Bam HI, Eco RI,13ra I,I,Hird III,Hpa TT,Msr I,Pst IAI, rna I, Xba I,I and rfaZ I. The double enzyme digestions wereconducted by using Bam HI, Eco RI, d III, Sma I, a I, SL I and Pst I. Thefragments Were obtained and their molecular sixes Were estimated. by aga.rase geIelectrophoresis. The size of mtDNAs for C. aecratusbeZin, C. auratus ceaiera and C.anratus auratusare 1599±90bp, 1600±130bp and 15540±140bp respectively.Taexperimental results demonstrated that the electrophoretic patterns of mtDNAsfor C. au-atusgibeaa, C. auratus cxiera and C. duratus aurdtus obtained by eithersingle or double enzyme digestion were significantly different, and the patternsof C. auraEusbebwv were obviously different among individuals by using Ha II.Besides, the restriction maps of mtDNAs from above species rere constructed byusing Bam HI, Pst I, Ecv RI and Xba I.

Abstract:In this paper the results of investigation point out: 1. The dense area of the anchovy (Engraulis japonicus)moves from north tosouth with the decreasing of temperature from November to March of next year. 2. The dense area of anchovy is mainly distributed in the tongue peak areas ofthe cold or warm water with the optimum temperature (11-13℃) and the sharplyhorizontal gradient. And its position, the size of range and the schooling show themonthly and yearly variations depending on the distribution of the optimumtemperature. 3. The anchovy has vertical. distribution during day and night. In thehomogeneous areas the fish schools usually distribute below the middle layersduring day and densely scattered in whole layers at night. However, if there existsthermo-halocline, the anchovy is mainly distributed above the thermo-halocline.

Abstract:Nitrite has been shown to be highly toxic to grass carp. It can in-duce hemoglobin (Hb) to become methemoglobin (MHb). If methemoglobin isover 23.0% of total Hb, the grass carp will easily get hemorrhage disease. The ex-periment shows that 96-h LC₅₀ values of NO_2-N was 4.62mg/L at the average watertemperature 30℃, especially over 32℃. As the number of methemoglobin increasesin the blood of grass carp, the number of erythrocyte and total hemoglobin gra-dually decrease. The way to remove nitrite-nitrogen from water is by adding so-dium hypochlorite. When the concentration of NO₂-N is over 0.15 mg/L, at firstcalcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] is added before the addition of sodium hypochlorite.

Abstract:The discovery of S. melanosticta from China has brought a wideattention to the fisheries circle. Recently, the authors noticed that S. melanosticta to be two populations in the Yellow Sea region, i. e. a spawning populationand feeding population. In this paper, the population of S. melanosticta was studi-ed by means of discriminatory analysis and successive discrimination methodin biometrics. The results from calculation indicated that the specimens oftwo populations had biometrically significant difference, especially in charactersof count which plays a decisive role in population determination. The F is 116.93and rate of right is 98.65%. These figures provided a strong evidence that the S. melanosticta from Yellow Sea belongs to two different populations.

Abstract:The four south lakes of Shandong province is four connectedlakes (Weishan Hu, Dushan Hu, Zhaoyang Hu and Nanyang Ru) with anarea of 119 thousand hectare. The average depth of water is 1.5 meters and theaverage annual production of fish is about 94.05kg/ha. The investigation was made in 1983-1984. In the lakes the amount of dissolvedoxygen was 8.71 mg/L. and pH value was 7.1-9.7. The amount of PO_4-P was0.0108 mg/L. The amount of NO_8-N, NO_2-N and NH_4-N was 0.465 mg/L. Thebiomass of equatic plant was 2584.2 g/m. Annual biomass of phytonplanktonand zooplankton were 1.709 mg/L and 0.601 mg/L, respectively. The avera-ge annual biomass of zoobenthos was 92.65 g/m. Seven predominant speciesof fish in the lakes were: Carassius auratus (Linnaeus), Pseudobagrus fulvidrco(Richardson), Ophiocephalus argus (Cantor), Calter erythropterus (Basilewsky),Parabramit pekinensis (Basilewsky), Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus) and Cyprinuscarpio (Linnaeus). The water in four lakes was rich in nitrogen but poor in pho-sphates, thus the utility of the total primary production by the fishes in thefour lakes was only 0.495%. We also analysed the ecosystem structure of the fishes in the four lakes. Atentative proposal was suggested in order to exploite and utilize the aquatic resour-ces in the four lakes.

Abstract:The study is emphasized on the characteristics of the hybrid (de-nominated Ying hybrid) of female mirror carp crossed with CyCa F2 hybrid. Theyearling Ying hybrid exhibited an average 47-109% better growth in weight thanthe parental individuals, and two-winters old individuals increase 60.1% and75.11% respetively. In polyculture of 525-1200 Ying hybrid fish of 1(1:2) inches inlength in a fingerling pond per ha, they can reach the weight of 618-1300g, withthe biggest being 2.4kg. The Ying hybrid not only grows faster but also is easierto maintain and produce than tri-cross hybrid carp. It is suitable to be popularizedamong fish-culture industries. The Ying hybrid contains 74.58% of flesh, butCyCa F₂ hybrid and mirror carp only contain 61.7% and 74.2% respectively. Themusculian protein contents of the Ying hybrid, CyCa F₂ Hybrid and Mirrorcarp are 18.35%, 17.37%and 16.95% respectively. By means of cluster analysis of fuzzy mathematics, it comes to a conclusionthat the Ying hybrid and its reversely crossed one are more alike to CyCa F₂hybrid, especially to the female in characters such as body depth and width andhead length. The experiment has shown that the approach to combine biotechno-logy with the traditional selective breading techniques is feasible and can achieverather satisfactory economic benefits.

Abstract:A new species of Cryptocentrus Ehrenberg collected from the coastof China is described in this paper. A key to Cryptocentrus for the Known speciesin China is presented. The description of the new species is as follows: Cryptocentrus cephalotaenius Ni, sp. nov. (Attached fig.) D. Ⅵ, Ⅰ-18-19; A. Ⅰ-18-20; P. 19; Ⅴ. Ⅰ-5. L. 1.121-128: L. tr. 30-33; predor-sal without scales. Depth 5.7-6.5 in length, head 4.1-4.2. Snout 4.5-5.0 in head, eye 4.3-4.6. This new species resembles to the Cryptocentrus gymnocephalus (Bleeker) re-corded from Indonesia (Djakarta), India(Madras, Mergui Archipelapo), Thailand(Koh Sichang) and China (Hongkong), but differs from the latter in having twoblack streaks behind eye (vs. without); five transverse bands on the side of body(vs. three ones); with purple, red and black three longitudinal bands on the cen-tral part of anal fin(vs. red and blue two ones); ventral fin shorter than head (vs.longer); head 1.3-1.5 in the length of caudal fin (vs. about 2). Holotype No. 65-0998, length without caudal 96 mm.Allotype No. 65-0550, length without caudal 97.5 mm,Paratypess No. 65-0799, length 89mm, and No. 65-0999. length 91mm, All specimens collected from Maling, Sanya city, Hainan Province, on December 4, 1965. Holotype and allotype are kept in East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute. Paratypes are kept in Shanghai Fisheries University.

Abstract:东太湖系太湖东南隅的一个湖湾。据测,在正常水位(五站历年平均水位)2.99m时,平均水深0.91m,最大水深1.30m,湖水面积130km²,容积1.18×10³m³。在距岸1km处以多网箱共3公顷左右水面的围养。据吴县东山站1956—1986年资料,历年平均气温15.9℃,最高38.8℃,最低-8.7℃,气温年较差历年平均25.9℃。年降水量1000—1400mm左右。为探讨网围养鱼与水域环境的关系,1984—1986年在东太湖网围区进行了每日8、14、20时的水文气象要素的正常观测。每月进行一次1—3个测点包括鱼塘在内的昼夜同步连续观测,每月一次各网箱的面上观测。

Abstract:三甲胺氮(TMA-N)是评定海产鱼虾鲜度质量的指标之一,通常用苦味酸比色法测定(Dyer,W.J.,1945;桥本芳郎,1957;户沢晴已,1970;Bullard,F.A.,1980;美国公职分析家协会,1984),此法操作较繁琐且测定速度慢。Keay,J.M.et al.(1972)和Ritskes,T.M.(1975)曾用气相色谱法进行测定,但该法仪器昂贵,不易推广。本研究的目的是寻找一种简便快速且有一定精度的TMA-N测定法。

Abstract:淇河鲫鱼(简称淇鲫)因产于河南淇河而得名。据汤阴县志记载:“淇鲫产于西北乡许家沟、大来店一带之淇河中,体皆双脊,形扁圆,其肉嫩肥美,片片呈蒜瓣状,汤暖尤其啜于冬日,昔在封建时代常专差向皇帝贡献,为三大贡品之一,颇受嘉许,时称可与黄河之鲤并列,故名声大噪,驰誉南北”。在古诗中也有“以其食鱼,唯淇之鲫”的佳句。另外,中科院考古研究所曾经在河南辉县从事发掘,在琉璃阁区的战国时代墓中,找出鼎、鬲等器,里面都有鱼骨,其中尤以鲫鱼为普遍。可见淇鲫在历史上久负盛名。

Abstract:近年来,人们对维科染色体的研究报道甚多,认为其染色体的基本二倍数为2N=50和2N=48,变异范围在2N=44～200之间。Gold等认为北美洲已见核型报道的绝大多数鱼类为2N=50。但欧亚大陆大多数为2N=48～50。Arai对欧亚大陆已研究过核型的141种鲤科鱼进行了分析,提出2N=50是鲤科鱼最原始的核型。周暾等对中国鲤科核型的研究也做了大量的工作并得出与Arai一致的结论。

Abstract:亚心形扁藻是鱼、虾、贝幼体最为常用的活饵料。如何提高它的产量和质量问题,正引起各方面的关注。水稻生产中应用增产灵,使稻谷每公顷增产4.46%;海带、紫菜的生产中,应用外源激素,产量提高了3～5倍。一些研究还表明,激素在不同的环境条件下,对不同部分和不同年龄的植物体所起的生理作用不同,其生长结果也不一样。我们在已有工作的基础上,进行了增产素处理亚心形扁藻的生产性试验、不同培养因素试验及生理效应、产品质量分析和投喂海水动物的试验,现报导如下。

Abstract:鱼类免疫学是从脊椎动物免疫学、鱼类微生物学以及鱼类组织学等学科中分划出来的。最近二十多年来,它发展很快,已形成一门新的学科。本文力图对该领域的发展现状和趋势作一概要的综述。

Abstract:Living environment of shell (including distribution, substrates,salinity and range of temperature, etc), feeding habits. diseases, growth charae-ters, and the harvest period are all presented in this paper in order to providesome information available for exploitation and conservation of this shell. 1. The shell mainly distributes all over the Pacific coast and often occurs inthe region from intertidal zone to subtidal zone at the depth of 30m or so. 2. Its best growth season is from May to August, and its suitable salinity forsurvival ranges from 11.2% to 28.8%. 3. In laboratory experiment, the upper lethal temperature of the mussel is 36℃ and when they are cultured below the temperature of-3℃ to-5℃,they willdie within three days. 4. During April to October, when the water temperature becomes warmer, the mussels are usually infected by a fluke (Follodistomum sp.). The infection so-metimes reaches to 30-40%. 5. The Musculus senhousei mainly lives on benthic diatoms. 6. The growth of shell length is proportional to the growth of body weight asthe equation of regression W_t=0.000149L^(2.7764), and its relative constant (r) is 0.9963.

Abstract:Dropped quantity of prawn (Penaeus orientalis) caught by drift netwas studied in a whole course of fishing operation. The net used was designed ba-sed on the structure feature of prawn drift net and the net had the function bothof catching prawn and receiving dropped ones. The survival rate of prawn whichdropped from the meshes of drift net was also studied. 1. In the whole course of menually hauling drift net on board the small boat of12 hp., the drop rate of prawn accounted for 40-74% of the total number of prawncaught in one haul. And the drop rate of 13-33% was reached in the course ofmechnically hauling on board of the large boat of 120 hp. 2. Through simulating test,it was found that the survival rate of prawn,whichwere picked up from a drift net by hand and cultured for 24 hrs,reached a level as high as more than 93%, while the immediate mortality of prawn found in net wasbelow 8%. There were a considerable number of scarred prawn appeared in the catch bydrift net, and it has proved that the dropped prawn could survive and enter intorecruitable population. The above results provide some scientific information for regulating the fishi-ng structure in the autumn season in Bohai Sea, and making management stra-tegy of gradually replacing prawn trawling by drift net operation.