Abstract:The development rates of the clams at various stages fromembryoes, planktonic larvae and spats to adult as well as the growth features and the development of gonad have been studied in this experiment. Fertilized eggs wereobtained from artificial induced breeding of Ruditapes philippinarum in laboratory,spats were collected in the sea area each year,and biological measurements and histolo-gical study of gonad were conducted It was found by 3-year temporal culturing expe-riments(1978-1981) that gonads of parent clams could remain unproducing withinthree months by temporal culturing in pools. At the end of September under cruciallycontrolled ecological conditions, this prolonging of time makes convenient to theinduced breeding and spating in batches. Experiment indicated that all parent clamsfrom 1-year to 3-year could propagate, but the 3-year clams were better.

Abstract:Totally 87 individuals of cultured tortoise (Chinemys reevesii)with different ages were dissected to characterize the histological change of theirgonadal development. The relationships between gonadosomatic index (GSI) and bodyweight,age as well as seasonal change were also established. which could provide sometheoretical bases for the artificial breeding of tortoise.

Abstract:The toxic effects of the heavy metals on fish, the accumulation ofthe hoavy metals in the different part of fish body and the relationship between theheavy metals and the deformation of fish are emphatically investigated; The resultsshow: (1) the quantity of various heavy metals in the deformed fish is much higherthan that of the normal fish; (2) the elder of the age of fish,has the more of accumu-lation of heavy metals: (3) the accumulated quantity of heavy metals in liver, kidneyand spleen is higher than in other parts of the fish body; (4) the accumulation ofheavy metals in fish can not only be estimated,but also gradually increases year byyear even the fish live in mild polluted water; and (5) cadmium is a high effectiveheavy metal on deformation. The toxic effects of the heavy metals, including zinc,lead,copper and cadmium, on the embryoes and fries of the fish are emphaticalystudied. At the same time certain practical polluted situation is imitated. The toxicexperiments indicate that all of these four heavy metals have definite toxic effectto fish embryoes and fries. The more the concentration, the higher the toxic effect.The mixed solution has higher toxic effect than that of the single solution. In themixed solution, some combination, for examplem, zinc and cadmium produce antagonismin low concentration.Pathological changes of the tissues in some organs are also studied. Microsection shows that (1) organs of the younger fish are all in the normal range, but (2) theelder fish has higher accumulative quantity of heavy metals. Fatty degeneration in thehepatic tissues and lipofusion overaccumulates in the melanomacrophagocyte of thehepatic,renal and splenic tissues. These phenomenon have certain relation to patholo-gical changes,It is need to do further research work.

Abstract:Studies were conducted on optimum calorie-protein ratio for blackcarp(Mylopharyngodon piceus) by using purified diet consisting of casein, gelatin,soybean oil, dextrin, cellulose flour. mixed vitamins and minerals. There were fiveprotein levels and five calorie grades at each protein level. The results of the experi-ment indicate that 35-40% protein content, 9. 1 calorie-protein ratio (c/p value) and3185-3640 kcal/kg in formulated diet for black carp fingerlings seem optimum,taking the wieght gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food conversion asevaluation targets after 60 days of feeding experiment.These provided scientific basis ferpractical use. According to the results of the experiment, black carp fingerlings havethe ability to digest carbohydrate such as dextrin. So,it can be considered carbohydrate.is one of useful calorie sources in black carp diet and a component to spare protein.

Abstract:The prey-predator relationship between the plankton and the pond-cultured bigheed at every growing stage has been studied in this paper. The fishconsumes the same species of phytoplankton, but it takes different species of zooplank-ton at its every growing stage. The abundance of phytoplankton as well as zooplank-ton in the pond are of the same importance in the feeding intensity of the fish.Since the zooplankton has higher calorie than that of phytoplankton, it becomes moreimportant in terms of quality. It is considered that the factor which influences theproduction of the bighead is the abundance of suspended nutritive matters in the water.So it is not nessary to divide the phytoplankton into "digestible or "undigestible".

Abstract:The specimens for study were collected in April. 1982 from thesouthern East China Sea by Dong Hai Fisheries Research Institute. Six species belonging to 6 genera in 4 families have been identified, of which 2species are the first time record from the East China Sea. The species identified are listed below: Ⅰ. Enoploteuthidae 1. Enoploteuthis Chunii Ishikawa 2. Pterygioteuthis giardi Fischer Ⅱ. Ommastrephidae 3. Rhynchoteuthion stage of Ommastrephes bartrami (Lesueur) 4. Rhynchoteuthion stage of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson) Ⅲ. Loliginidae 5. Loligo edulis Hoyle Ⅳ. Octopodidae 6. Octopus vulgaris Cuvier

Abstract:曼氏无针乌贼Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune在中国东、黄渤海均有分布。近年来,其产量不断下降。因此开展乌贼生物学的研究,合理地利用、保护乌贼资源已引起人们的注重。关于乌贼繁殖生物学,仅对其繁殖习性作了些研究。曼氏无针乌贼的人工孵化近年来作过初步探讨。在乌贼性腺发育方面,对金乌贼Sepia esculenta Hoyle作过研究。

Abstract:蛋白质和脂肪等是鱼类生长和维持生命活动必不可少的营养素,尤其蛋白质极为重要。研究鱼类对蛋白质的需要量,不仅可满足鱼类的需要、加速鱼类的生长,而且可提高鱼类对蛋白质的利用率。国内外通常采用蛋白质梯度法测定鱼类的蛋白质需要量,但该法仅适用于摄食人工饵料的鱼类。鳜鱼终身以活鱼虾为饵料,所以蛋白质梯度法不适于测定鳜鱼对蛋白质的需要量。

Abstract:江蓠(Gracilaria)属红藻门(Rhodophyta)的经济海藻,广泛分布于世界许多国家的沿海和岛屿附近,与石花菜(Gelidium)一样,是当前藻胶工业制取琼胶的主要原料。随着国际市场上对琼胶需求量的增大,供求关系矛盾日益尖锐,供不应求,原料和产品价格不断上涨。出现这种现象的主要原因是天然采收的江蓠和石花菜量已远远不能满足琼胶工业发展的需要,人工养殖江蓠已势在必行。

Abstract:鱼类生长的研究,是鱼类生理、生态学的重要内容之一。描述鱼类生长过程的数学表达式,因鱼类本身的生长规律及运用数学分析手段的不同而异。von Bertalanffy(1938)从生理学角度出发,假设鱼类体重与其体长的立方成正比,提出了著名的von Bertalanffy生长方程,迄今在鱼类生物学与资源学中广为使用。

Abstract:国外诱变育种工作始于1927年。Muller(1927)和Stadler(1928)发现用X射线辐照,可以提高动植物的突变频率。1943年Anerbach和Robson在果蝇研究中发现了第一个化学诱变剂——芥子气,这又为诱变的研究揭开新的一页。目前已知有突变活性的化合物达数百种,并每年都在增加着。我国诱变育种始于1958年,甘多年来,用诱变方法育成的农作物新品种(或品系)。