Abstract:This paper presents the morphological characteristics of the egg,embryonic and larval development of pond smelt, Hypomesus olidus (Pallas). Thematerials were obtained from artificial fertilizations, which were carried out inspring of 1985-1986 in Shui Feng And Tu Men reservoirs. The mature egg of the pond smelt is spherical in shape, after fertilized andwater absorbed, the outmost membrance of the egg breaks down and forms a para-chute like sticky bundle around the margin of micropyle. The eggs are stronglysticky, the fertilized eggs attach to the sands and rocks as well as other materials inthe water. The diameter of swollen eggs is 0.86-0.95mm, avaraging 0.87mm. Theembryo hatched out for 331-343 hours after fertilization at the water temperatureranging 7.8-19.5℃. The accumulated temperature about 4000 hours-degree wereneeded in the process of embryonic development. The body of newly hatched larvae isavarage 4.3mm in total length with 54-61 pairs of myotomes. Six days afterhatching, the yolk sac almost absorbed and the larvae started to eat. The embryo of pond smelt possessed a great ability in adapting to various ecologi-cal conditions. It can normally develop and hatch through strong flucatuation orwater temperature within a short time (Raising or lowing 5-7℃ in some 40 minutes)and it can tolerate dryness out of water in a long time (through 17 hours at air tem-perature 4-15℃). The unfertilized egg can develop to blastoderm, but it begins abnormal cell-divi-sion afterwards and dies.

Abstract:This peper deals with the change in the water activity of saltedfish and the relationship between the Aw and other parameters. Silvery pomfret hasbeen selected as the rew material in the experiment. A combined salting method forfish was accepted at the different duration of salting time, and the changes of wateractivity and salt content were observed, relationship between above mentionedparameters was studied futhermore. The experiments indicated that the decrease inwater activity and water content, and the increase of salt in fish were most rapidat 18 hours from the beginning of salting process afterwards, the change sloweddown. The change basically tended to balance at 34 hours after salting. The experi-ment showed that the linear relationship existed between the water activity, saltcontent and water content. According to this linear relationship, it is possible tocalculate the value of water activity by measuring the content of water and salt. Forthe purpose of controlling fish quality, it can be obtained through the calculation ofwater activity. This method is valuable in improving the effect of preservation of fish.

Abstract:All female young fish, which were produced by mating cruciancarp (Carassius auratus gibelio block)(♀) with common carp (Cyprinus carpio)(scattered ♂) were daily fed on the diet mixed with 95% alcohol (one ml per gramof diet as sex inductive anbstance and 84% of the fish developed into males (sexreversal physiological males). The treatment begun on 16-17 days after hatchingand continued for 30-40 days. After 3 years experiments we got the first asexualgeneration from mating the reversal males with female crucian carp. And then madethe reversal males mate with the first asexual generation, we obtained the secondasexual generation which may be called pure-clonic form of crucian carp. Accordingto the index of morphological characters, numbers of chromosome and the volume ofred cel1, the pureclonic form is not different from crucian carp. Besides, the mecha-nism of sex determination has been found XX (♀);XY (♂).

Abstract:Ovaries from fifty mature speciment of H. molitrix were exa-mined. The relationship between fecundity and total length/body weight/ovaryweight were statistcally estimated and found to be linear in all the three cases.The fecundity was found to be more closely related to body weight than to total lengthand ovary weight.

Abstract:带鱼Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus是我国海洋渔业中主要的中下层经济鱼类之一渔业生产产量居第一位。但在长期的渔业生产实践中。主要靠经验凭机会探索中心渔场。由于缺乏鱼类集群与分布规律的理论依据渔汛预报也常常是困难的。因而就鱼类的分布特点聚集状态和规律进行探讨研究在理论上和实践上都有重要意义。本文试图以统计分析的方法对带鱼在秋汛的聚集分布类型与规律作初步的探讨以求索科学合理和切合实际的渔场预报方法井对一些渔业上常见的现象进行分析证明。 鱼类的集群除水温以外.还受到其它诸如风情盐度潮汐等因子的制约。本文由于资料有限仅就海洋中水温水团分布与鱼类聚集、分布的关系进行初步分析探讨。更进一步地研究海况诸因子找出它们与鱼类聚集之间有规律性关系对我们的渔情预报无疑是有帮助的。

Abstract:罗非鱼原产非洲淡水中但越来越多的人认为其祖先起源于海洋因为多数种具有耐盐能力尼罗罗非鱼就是其中之一。本试验的目的在于观察尼罗罗非鱼在海水中养殖的可行性。材料与方法 实验鱼取自实验室内同胎孵出的25天龄尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鱼苗99尾实验分为淡水、咸淡水(1/2海水+1/2淡水)和海水三个饲养组每组33尾鱼苗平均个体重0.15克分别养于三个容量相同(内径80厘米高60厘米)的白色圆形玻璃钢水槽中。控温26℃±1℃)充气投喂豆饼、浒苔和白菜。每周换水1—2次。每个月月底称量各组鱼之总重和计算存活鱼尾数。

Abstract:关于白鲢营养笔者曾就食谱、食物的选择性和消化性等问题作过论述。鉴于有些问题前文尚未涉及有些工作当时未能引用此外十余年来国内外又有了许多新的进展特别是近年动物营养学的研究逐渐同生物能量学结合起来在白鲢方面也出现一些很有意义的工作。因此对白鲢的食物问题再次作一全面的总结仍是十分必要的。 一、细菌和腐屑的意义 细菌细胞极微小过去以为仅在附着于腐屑上面时才能被白鲢滤食。近年的工作表明:水中浮游细菌通常有半数以上聚结成絮状、块状或膜状聚合体可为白鲢直接滤食。菌膜常浮于水面被风吹刮落入水中后甚至白鲢仔鱼也能摄食。白鲢对细菌的摄食量与浮游藻类的丰度有关。

Abstract:鱼类的通讯主要有视觉的、听觉的、电感觉的和化学觉的几种其中视觉的最重要。但在鱼类行为的某些方面和在某种生态条件下化学觉具有独特的功能。鱼类依靠其灵敏的化学觉进行着奇妙的化学通讯。对昆虫和哺乳动物的化学通讯已有相当研究而对鱼类化学通讯的研究还很肤浅。随着人类的活动尤其是污水排放、航运事业的发展和海上钻探开发将有大量的废弃物不断地进入水体中而几乎所有的水生动物均具有灵敏的化学感觉能力。

Abstract:A diploid fish cell line, named GCCF-2, from grass carp caudalfin was established. The line was cultivated in TC-199 medium with 15% fetal calfserum containing a moderate amount of antibiotics. The morphology of GCCF-2 cellsis a complex of epithelial-like cells, fibroblastic-like cells and the medial type cells.Thecells can increase five times in five days and the highest mitotic index of GCCF-2 is30. 04%in two dayse after plating. An interesting discovery was observed that the cellswhich had been kept in the incubator at 20℃ for two months without any care couldgrow normally after subculture. At the 90th passage, the cells which had a normalnumber of chromosomes of grass carp (2n=48)accounted for 86.7%, so the linewas determined as a diploid fish cell line. So far, the line hes been maintained inproliferating for over 32 months. Using the technique of BrdU-labeling and sisterchromatid differential staining, we estimate the cell cycle time of mitotie division ofGCCF-2 is between 21--33 hours. GCCF-2 was observed to be susceptible infectionwith grass carp reovirus (GCRV).

Abstract:In Rongcheng county, Shandong province, the best time for artifi-cial rearing of larvae and juveniles of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudushas been found to be from July to August. The fertilized eggs develop into young urchins for 19--20 days at 23--24℃. Thelarvae show preference to certain algae for food, among which Chactoceros mulleriis found to be the best in use. And ulva is found to be the best food for youngurchins. The duration of early embryonic development stages is summarized as follows.

Abstract:An experiment on requirtment of phosphorus in the dietary ofgrass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus was catrried out. By the use of casein-gelatin asbasic diet with mono calcium phosphorus as source of phouphorus, the gradientmethod was applied. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the dietaryphosphorus played a great effect on the growth of grass carp. The deficiency ofphosphorus in the diet would cause a slow growth of the fish and high expense offood. By analysing, the whole fish body contains a lower level of water, ash, calcium,phosphorus and Ca/P ratio, but high content of fat with low phosphorus in vertebrae.The over-high phosphorus, however, would also result in slow growth of the fishand even lead to mortality. Thus judging from the growth rate and food consumptionof the fish, the appropriate value of phosphorus in the grass carp diet should be0.95--1.10% and the requirement of available phosphorus in the diet of grass carp is 0.85--1 .00%. The experiment indicated that phosphorus should be the principalmineral in the additive of diet.

Abstract:The data are based on the survey of the deep sea demersal fishresources of the East China Sea (120--1055 m depth) during the period of May toNov., 1981. 101 captured species were selected from 53 sampling stations. Accordingto different sampling stations and varioss depth belts in the catch composition, theindex of species similarity O. was calculated and by using cluster analysis method thecommunity division was analyed. The results show that from shallow water to deepwater the demersal fish can be divided into three major communities in the surveyed area, i. e. the community of the outer region of the continental shelf at the depth of120-200m, the community of the continental slope at the depth of 200-950 m andthe community of Okinawa Trough at the depth of 950-1055m in the East ChinaSea. Among them the depths of the major transitive belt are near 150-200 m and900-950 m respectively. Futhermore, the community of continental slope can besubdivided into three minor communities, i. e. the upper part, the middle part andlower part of communities. The minor transitive belts are located at about 400 mand 700 m depth respectively, Meanwhile, by bottom topographic and hydrographiccharacteristics, the divided bounderies of the sea or water mass in the surveyed areaare basically in accordence with the location of the major transitive belts. Havingapplied the indices of the species diversity H'(Shannon-Weaver) and D (Simpson),the index of the species evenness J (Pielou), the index of species richness d (Marga-lef) and the index of the species dominance D₂ (McNaughton), the result of analysisof the community structure shows that the values of H, D, J, and d are lower at theshallow water, higher at the deep water and stable between them generally, they aresimilar to the tendency of the depth variation. While the value D₂ is contrary to theabove values roughly. Moveover, the authors realize that not only the species composi-tion and the index of diversity but also the index of species similarity are the impor-tant characteristics of the community structure.