Abstract:In this papery the following eigenvalues of fish communities were caleulated: the number of species contained in. communities; the index of eonrentrar tion;the index of species richness; the maximum species diversity;the index of evenness and the index of degree of overlap. Their regional, monthly and yearly changes were analysed The results indicated that the structure of fish communities of outer waters (10 to 35 meters in depth) is mare complicated than that of inner waters (7 to 10 meters in depth)，The changes of species diversity have some relation to the dominant species and fishing efforts. In the calculation of species diversity both numbers and biomass were considered.

Abstract:The embryonic development of domesticated goldfisb (Carassius suratus) had been studied with Qptical microscope by Brittle (1940) and Li Pu nt al.(1959).In the present study, the various stages of embryonic development of the red tiger-headed goldfish (Carassius autatus) weree examfined under scanning electron-microscope. The eggs were obtw}ined from artificial fertilization methods described by Li Pu et aI (1959).The results of our observation are briefly described as fulluws liicroplye of the goldfish was clearly discernible. It located a,t the end of animal pole. Qn the surface of oulemma forzzied an inner Pitfall as a funnel. The micropyle is about 15μ in size. That is the only passageivay for the sperm to pass thruugh into the micropylo for fertilizixig the egg. The cleavages of the goldfish divided equally before 8-cell stage. But after the 16-cell stage, the cleavages were unequal. This stage may ma,rh the beginning of cell differentiation (which may staxtfrom 1fi-cell stage).These unequal cleavages formed the cells of different size anal remained clearly discernible until the blastula stage. In our observation, the differentiation of“ paired caudal-fin" of the goldfish had started during the heart-beating stage. It was not in the stsge of formation of the eaudal-fin membrane as described by Li Pu et al (1959).

Abstract:This paper describes the symptom of black or burning fins, bugeyed and abdominous form which occured in the rearing of grass carp (Ctenoharynogodon idellus)，big head carp (Aristihthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix)in both Hubei and Hunan provinces. According to the results of preliminary research, the syxuptom was probably caused by applying overdose of sodium pentachloranate as a disinfectant in pond, and also by too early stocking the fingerings into the pond before the chemical lost efficacy.From the histopathological analysis, the major reason of the fingerling mortality was, the chronic Corrosion of the skin and xnucaus membrane of gills by the chemical, and finally resulting in the acute attach. The dark pigmentation on the gills axed skin was apparently due to the pathological changes resulted from the long erposure in the high concentration of the chenaival.It is suggested by using quick-lime (2o-25kg/mu) as an antidote in order to improve the pond water and neutralize the residue of sodium pentachlorvphenate.

Abstract:This paper deals with the biological characteristics of white cruclan carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri，which includs (1) Sixxdies on its morphologic al characteristics, living habit, reproduction feature, feeding habit and embrpvn.ic development;(2) Experiments on its growth speed, catching rate and disease，(3) Bear surement of fattiness, nutritional composition and the content of amino acid in muscle;(4) Anal州。of chromosome and serum. protein electrophoresis. Besides, the compari- son between different variety of crucian carp is also made. The seg ratio of C. auratus cuvieri is 1:I，which is different from that of C. auratus gibelio or C. auratus,a local variety. C. auratus cuvierihas more gill rakes ( the maximum can be 12o rakes ) which are long and dense, and of same length with the bronchial filament. The lateral swelling of the gill rake is both Iang and branched. The intestines of the adult fish is thin and twisted，the length of which is 5.6 times of the body length. The intestines wall is also thin.The fish has a wide feeding habit,belonging to omxiivaroue 印ecies which. feed on phytoplanlitans too.Both C. auratus cuvieri and C. auratus gibelio have the same chromosome, being 2n=100. C. auratus cuvieri grower 12-46 .2% faster than. C. auratusand its catchzng rate is as high as over 90%，much higher than that of C. auratus gibelio (50%)or C. auratus (5%). Its fattiness is 3.07--3.24, and as the empty weight of tho fish accounts for 85-86% the total body weight, this variety of crucian carp has a better economic value. The contents of protein and fat in muscle of C. auratus cuvieri are similar to those of C. auratus gibelio or C. auratus, but its Water content is a little higher. The contents of histidine, arginine, glutsmic said, alanine, leucine etc. of C. auratus cuvieri are atso a little higher than those of the other two varieties. In general, C. auratus cuvieri has a fester growth rate and a wide feeding habit.Its population yield is also high, so the fish has a better economic efficiency and is an excellent variety for warm water fish culture.

Abstract:《渔具分类、命名及代号》“序号8231”,国家标准(GB5147-85)(以下简称《标准》),已由国家标准局于1985年5月批准发布,并于同年12月实施。《标准》适用于使用在海洋和内陆水域的所有渔具(不含“渔法”)。它基本上体现了分类、命名及代号所必须具备的科学性;制订专业基础标准的必要性与可行性;纳入《标准》的渔具所具有的生产性。 《标准》主要以我国六十年代所汇集的调查报告内容为基础资料,并把八十年代以来为制订标准而搜集的调查素材作为补充资料。在近期调查资料中,尤其对来自淡水渔区

Abstract:A series of formulae and computer programmes mainly based on fishing characteristics of tre.wler are introduced in this paper and by which economic cstimation of trawler can be suitably conducted. Both individual and comprehensive annual economic estimations of a Chinese renewed trawler were made during its filefish fishing season, economic Value fishing season and those two fishing seasons.

Abstract:This paper reports the research results of pathology of dermaulcer caused by Aeromonas hydrophila subsp hydrophila during the overwintering season of Tilapia nilotica. The histopathalngical changes were characterized by the alternative inflammativn. In, ulcerated focus, the skin was inflammatory oedema, necrosis and finally fell away; nucleus of skeletal muscles swelled, moved to the renter, and finally necrosised; muscles fibres swelled anal necrvsised. Liver cells cloudy swelled and fat degenerated. The epithelial cells in the proximal， convoluted tubules of the kindney cloudy swelled, glassy degenerated boundary Lines of ceps became unclear, but the nucleus still remained. The healing of sbeletal muscles in focus was mended through the formation of granulative tissue and regeneration. The healing of epidermis was mended by regeneration. The biochemi-pathological changes were characterized by the signifieant changes of the activities and contezzts of LDH, AIDH and α-GPDH of white xuuscle of diseased fish. Number of bands of electropherotograms decreased, activities decreased or disappeared completely. The contents of muscle prvtein also devreasod significantly.

Abstract:The short---snout ice fish is an important food fish for the fisheries in the early spring along the seashore of Liaodong Bay. Its maximum annual produticon had reached as much as 144D tons. The investigation on this fish wsa carried out from March to June in 1982. The short-snout ice fish is a littoral and migratory marine fish. In their spawning season they swim from south to north as a spawning migration along bath sides of the bays, but they do not enter the fresh water. The spawning season is chiefly from April to the second ten days of May, there are two spawning peaks. The ovary of the ice fish contains two groups (large and small) of eggs. After spawning the spawners die gradually. The investigation indicates that each fish can ovulate about 6000-7000 eggs on an average. According to the number of eggs remained in the ovary after spawning, about 2 .8% of eggs can not be extruded. The gonads of male and female both are paired. It is eomfirmed through observation of histological dissection that the left testis of the male exactly exists. The former report that the male fish has only a right testis is not true. The fish also feed in spawning period, chiefly on zooplankton. In the female agawning populatian there exists a certain number of individuals which are physically strong, but seem to be sterile. This is probably one of the important causes why its stock size decreases.

Abstract:The comparative study时the mode of sporogenesis in algae is of pouch importance fer both identifying their taxonomic position anal for finding out the relationship of genealogical germination between them. The materials used in this study were Gratelopia filicina and G. ramosassima collected from the seashore of Xiamen in the Dong Hai Sea. The results obtained from the comparative observation. on their sporogenesis were as follows: 1)The size of both tetraspores anal earpospores of Gratelopia filicina were similar to each other, liberated. spore about 15μm in diameter, al spherical. There was a nucleus in the center of the spore. Nlost of chromnplasts gathered in the center of cell were yellobrown in colour. Both carpospores and tetraspores of Gratelopia filicina were about 17μm slightly bigger than that of G. filicina, and their chromopIaste showed dark--brown m colour. 2) According to our observation, the modes of sporogenesis of both G. filicinaand G. ramosassima were all“ mediate disoal type"，However, the germinal form of their irxitiaI stage had a bit of difference which nrzay be considered as the difference of species.

Abstract:Altogether 742 specimens of flathead fish were studied by examining the otoliths and scales for age determination. The specimens were collected from，small harbour of ingdao from February to earlp May in 1966.Both the otoliths and scales were identical in age determination. Growth sties were made by means of scales method. Two commonly formulae W=bL^a and W=a+bL were applied to compute the length-weight relationship of flat head fish. The following expressions were derived: W=0.248 x 10^-5L W=一513.864+2.583L^0.1953 These formulae were also used to calculate the relationship between body length and scale length of flat head fish. We obtain: L=a+bR = 71 .4992+80.881R L=qR^b=132 .9148R^0.7868 where W, L, and R respectively represent body weight (without gut and gonads)，stauidard length and scale length. The results indicate that both formulae of power series and linear are suital'le in such calculations, But the formula of power series seems to be betbar for calculating length-weight relationship and the formula of linear seems to be better for back calculation of body length, especially when dealing with juvenile specimens. The growth of the fiat heed fish in Yellow Sea corresponds to von bertalanffy's growth equation. The results are as foilaws: W_t=1147.36[1-e^{-0.801(t+0.441)}]^8.2 L_t=459.1696[1-e^{-0.8848(t+0.8715)}] where W_t is body woigth (excluding gut gonadsy in grams at the age of t, and L_t is standard length in mm at the age of t. The growth rate was calculated in relation to age of this fish.