• Volume 10,Issue 1,1986 Table of Contents
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    • PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CARRAGEENAN FROM SOME SPECIES OF EUCHEUMA IN HAINAN ISLAND,CHINA

      1986, 10(1):1-9.

      Abstract (1804) HTML (0) PDF 674.09 K (1670) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper deals with the preparation of the carrsgeenan from some species ogenus Euchemu, they ar. gedatzvaae, E. cottoz and E. okamerai collected inIl=ai_uan. Tsland, Cbna. The properties of carrageenan produced were also studied. the prepar.tion, extraction in w ester afforded the highest yield, and thosepretreated with concentrated NaI3 and then oxtract.ed by Zatengave the lowest yield.4Thile the gel strength of carrageenan extracted ixz water with NaOH were theowcst and those egtractedwith 0.1-2.0% CaO had no significant effect on thgelstren. The gel that extracted by 2 NaOH had the strength 3--5 times higher thanthextracted in water. The maximum gal sirens of carrageenan ohtainod bypretreating with concentrated. NaOH(E. geaiirre 346--385 g/cm2,E. cottora 498-521.g/cm-2, E. okamal 520g/cm2), The sulfate and 3, 6-AG content.s of ca.rrageenan were :10.2-18.9% and 21.0%31.2% from E. gelatcae 13.2-23.0% and 21.6--33.6% from E. cottoaiz and. 13.7-24.3% and 22.2-33.9%from E, okamura, respectively. The above results show that E. geLrctiaae, E. eottrnazi anal E. okamura grownHaixzan Tsland in China hold great promise as rav materials for K-carrageenan production

    • A CELL LTNE DERTVED FROM THE KIDNEY OF GRASS CARP CTENDPHAIYNCDDDIV IDELLUS

      1986, 10(1):10-17.

      Abstract (2077) HTML (0) PDF 1.54 M (1755) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:A fibroblast-Like cell line derived from kidney of healthy Grass Carp (Otenoaolaayragodon 2deLtus) was esablisbed and designated CIK which has been passed for126 time since its initiation in January, 1982. The medium used in the cultivation is Eagle MEM (Nissui eiyaku Co LTD)supplemented with 10-15% fetal bovine serum. The incubation temperature is at 28℃. Chromosome number at passage level of 88 ranked from 28 to 117 with a rxiodalnumber of 55.CIK cell line is susceptible to FRV.

    • AN APPRDACH TD THE MESH SIZE DF TRAWLNET AND ITS EFFECT DN TRAWLING SPEED

      1986, 10(1):18-27.

      Abstract (1866) HTML (0) PDF 623.78 K (1843) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The essentials and methods of determining the mesh size of trawlnets are discus-sed in this paper. The results of the practical tests indicate that the mesh size of traw-Inet, espa;ially in its front part, has direct and remarlable influence on trawlixgspeed. The trawling speed. hss not only important influence on fishing efficiency oftrawl gear, but also has a certain selection to the species and length of fish. Variousfish species adapt to different trawling speed, at optimum speed to certain species thehighest catch is achieved. Therefore, when、new trawlnet is designed, the mesh sizein front part of the net should be so determined that the trawlnet can reach to theimam speed. the horse power of vessels and dimensions of nets are in cnordinatian, themess size can be calculated. as follows:a2=(V2/V12.5·a1where sign 1 and 2 separately show the prototype and the new trawlnet. Finally, thexnes.h size of some fish species is calculated and adapted to a existing trawlnet.

    • STUDY ON F4DD AND SUBSTRATEOF SIlNONOVACULA CDNSTRICTA (LAMARCK) SPAT

      1986, 10(1):28-39.

      Abstract (1738) HTML (0) PDF 822.48 K (1752) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:1.The spats of SraonoaaczaLr eorastrici;rc (Ls,mare)i) were fed with the mimedacultures coidrccf aLum tracosterrna,aetpceros Cadc trasas, zcaterjirrggensis and aeoesos erZcztrcas, to obtian the epicted results. The spats notonly attaizz fast growth in increasing shell length duly but also has a high survivlrats at 2.In adclitior to the screexzing of Food culture, a,ttentioxs should also be paid tothe density of fvpt. According to the experiments, daily food dexsity sheuld be keptat 25-50 thousand individual per milliliter at the first four days, and abut 100 tou-.sand individuals per riuiIliliter during thefifth to eighth da,y_ The density can Beensinereused to 200 thousand individuals par mIliliter after tha ninth dayr of oulturin.g. 3.In the artificial culturing of uaorsecc eoastrctcc, fine sand or silt wtend substrata should. be prided tvharz the metamorphosis of larvae into spts taaplace In order to obtain high survival rate of the spats, the proportion of mud shouldke ixa.creased with. the Velapmcaa.t arzd growth of the spats, (in the stage of bifora,sand: mud=5:4).

    • THE RELATIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY TO THE SURVIVAL AND GRUWTH OF THE SPAT OF SINDNDVACULA CDNST RICTA

      1986, 10(1):40-50.

      Abstract (1854) HTML (0) PDF 721.75 K (1671) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Single and combined affects of temperature and salinity on the survival andgrowth of spat of the,Sraaraovacsdrc carastrca(Lamarc) have baen. studied in Iabo-ratory. The suitable salinity for survival and growth. of spat was in the rangeo1.50.-28.3‰,and the optimum was 12.40-16.30‰. At 25℃, the spat showed strongtolerance in lnw salinity (below 1.80‰),yet it is less tolerent in high salinity (33.54-40‰). The suitable temperature for survival and growth of spat ranges from 10℃to35℃, but the optimum temperature varied with salinity. When tb.ey were epased inthe optimum salinity habitat,the oimam temperature was from 20 ℃to 30℃. The an-aly sis of variation showed that within suboptimum salinity range, the mast suitabletemperature for spat was about 22℃. The spat showed very strong tolerance in Ivwertemperature ( 5-2). The upper lethal temperature of espat was 40℃. The sensibility of spat to salinity was stronger than that to temperature. As thesaiini was optimum and th.e temperature was below 22℃, the earrelativity of salinityand temperature with arganilsm was not mush evident, yet within upper andlower limits of suit.hle salinity and about 27℃ of temperatuxe, the carrelativity wassignificant. The range corresponding either to the suitable salinity or to tb.e tempera-tore was obviousl y narrower.

    • PRELIMARY STUDY ON THE SEASUNAL PRUCESS OF THE CDASTAL UPWELLING OFF ZHEJIANG IN THE EAST SEA, CHINA

      1986, 10(1):51-69.

      Abstract (1847) HTML (0) PDF 1.23 M (1755) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:do the base of preseztt discussions, eve can sum up following primary cvnsequen-eos: (1) The eistence of coastal. upwelling off.hejiang has keen verified once againfrom the observed data obtained in July anal August of 1980 and June, August, andOctober of 1981. ( 2 ) The oars area of the coastal upwelling lies on the nearshora slope from Darehen to.Tiushan in summer. ( 3 ] The temperature structure in the area of coastal upweIling off Zhejfang blongs to。stratified texture.In the region there are three obvious water masses ; theCoastal W afar Mass, the Upper Layer Wstar Lass and the Lower Layer Water Massof aTaiwa Warm Current Water". (4) The two frontal layers formed among the three water masses repectiveIycalled as salmi frontal layer and upwelling frontal Iayer". (5) The conceptual model of vertical circulation has been described in the region. ( 6 ) The velocities of the coastal apwelling ace about 3.7×10-43.0×10-3 em/sec based on the method of mass conservation. (7) The dynamic factors producing the coastal upwelling off Zhejaing are a sur-face wind stress, an of pressure farce and a northward flow in the lower Iayer,etc. ( 8 ) The accurrenee of red tide near Yushan Islands seems to ke related with theanomalous hrographic conditions. (9) The upwelling off Zhejiang has an important role in the fish and the-driving of bottom fish.

    • AGE, GRDWTH, FEEDING HABITS AND REPRDDUCTIDN OF THE MOUSE FISH PTYCHIDIO JORDANI IN THE PEARL RIVER, CHINA

      1986, 10(1):70-86.

      Abstract (1732) HTML (0) PDF 1010.90 K (1505) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Age, growth, Feeding habits and reproduction of the mouse fish (Pt-dcasaz) wore studied. Specimens were collected from middle-upstream of the Pearl Rivernear Guiping County, Guangsi Province during May 1979 azd Seember 1980. All of580 fish taken by gill net, the classes of age and Y coxttributed 42.21,38.21,19.21 and 0.38 of the total number respectively. The relation betweenbody length and the scale diameter is described by the equation : L=8+43.30R(r=0.09956). The length-weight relation of the mouse fish is computed from the equation:W=8.225 x 10-3L3.374(r=0.9654). The mouse fish mainly fed an small bonthiinvertebrates such as imaopera Zacustras,CorbiceaZedae aaa,d sponges, aquatic insectsworms and sponges as well as organic detritus. Apart from these,same phaplarktansincluding.BaciZdcaa2orh.aae, C'horoyta and yat were discovered. in the intes-tines uF the fish. The seratio of males to females was 1:1.5. Spawning occured from.April to septem),er. Mininum size of adult female was 22.3 cnl in length and 381.7g in weight, and 20.0 cm in length. and 204.5 g in weight of male. Eighty-four female fish were examined for fecundity number of eggs were 7878---48,880 (average 22,254.7).Regression equations were developed for fecundity vslength and weight respectivelp as fallaws: R=4.5419L3.6208 and R=40.88W+1209 Overfishing is the marc of declination of fish production in the Pearl,ivarmas nets have been in use. We suggest that the mesh size of gillxzets should be enlarged to ficm. The use of 5cm mesh net must be prohibited

    • THE REPRDDUCTIUN. GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTIDN OF TEGILLARCA GRAIVGSA IN RUSHAN BAY. CHINA

      1986, 10(1):87-93.

      Abstract (1762) HTML (0) PDF 461.15 K (1673) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Three reproductive peaks of Zdaracc yrrcvaaaa is reported: they are the beginn-ins of July, the second ten days of July and the first text days of August. The natu-raI growth rate of the spat is 1..3Bmm per month in shell length. Tha growth shell length is proportional to time stxaight line equationL=0.4490+0.038t, and its relative constant x is equal to 0.9837. The distrihutivn of species is within 64m of the seabeach from the low---tida-cone, and occupied of the total amount. There ezsts an a,pparant relation between the distribution of species and thearea, of tidal-Anne. The highest relative cpnstant r is equal to -0.8902, and. it contains65--85% of the grains below 1190μ, the large amount spats of T. gsarrtosx wereobtained Besides, how to incxease the amount of T.granosrc in Rushan is also discussed

    • THE DESERYATION UN THE MCRPH4LaGY AND URGANIZA TION OF THE BRAIN OF EIGHT FRESHWATER CYPRINIDS

      1986, 10(1):94-106.

      Abstract (2064) HTML (0) PDF 917.23 K (1768) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:This paper describes the morphology and organization of the brain of eight freshwater cyprinids by whic inhabit in different layers of water.The brains of cyprinidsfishes have no obvious difference, except the medulla oblongata. The differennes morphology and organir.tion in the brain a cyprinids not quite depend on thetaotogical system 'but to a great extent on their eeoenviranment and habit.Therefore, the differences have no ificance to be taken as the distinctive Featurein classification. The brain of the fish with the same habit has more similaritiesmorphology and organization.

    • A NEW SPECIES OF MACRD.SRACHIUM (DECAPDDA CARIDEA) FROM SICHUAN, CHINA

      1986, 10(1):107-109.

      Abstract (1585) HTML (0) PDF 194.63 K (1435) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The present paper deals with a new species of the fresh-water prawn of the genusMacrobrachium. Many specimens were collected from Sichuan Province in 1984. Thetype specimen is deposited at Shanghai Fisheries University. Macrobrachium eaentatum, sp. nov. Rostrum extends beyond the extremity of antennular penduncle, it is shorter andrather broader. The dorsal border bears 10--15 teeth, 3--4 of which are situated on thecarapace behind orbit. The ventral border bears 3-4 teeth. Second legu are equal,shorter than the body in the adult males. Movable and fixedfingers bear without teeth at the every side of the cutting edge. Dactyius is shorterthan the palm. Palm is slight swollen, about 1.4-1.5 times as long as finger. Carpusis about as long as palm,about 0.55-0.71 times as long as chela. Merus is about as longas finger. Ischium is slight longer than merus. Comparison: The cutting edge of the movable or fixed finger of the present newspecies bears without tooth which closely resembles Macrobrachium superbum (Hel-ler),but differs from the latter in the following features: 1.the rostrum is shorterand rather broader; 2. the finger of the second legs is shorter than the palm, and thepalm is slight swollen; 3. the eggs are very large and few in number. Holotype (84-33-1), 53mm; paratypes 10♂♂10♀♀ Junlian County, Sichu-an Province. May 20, 1984.

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    • ARTIFICIAL GYNOGENESIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN GENETICS AND AQUACULTU

      1986, 10(1):110-123.

      Abstract (2148) HTML (0) PDF 1.13 M (2510) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:精子染色体的失活(用辐射或化学物处理)与细胞分裂的抑制(用冷休克、热休克或水静压法)的染色体组控制技术,能够容易地成用于鱼类而产生正常的雌核发育二倍体个体。在雌性配子同型(XX)的鱼类中,雌核发育个体具有其母亲的全部染色体且应该全部是雌性。局部自交,即杂合的雌核发育二倍体可以通过保留卵子第二极体的处理产生之完全纯合的雌核发育二倍体则可以用阻止第一次有丝分裂的方法产生。雌核发育对基因作图与纯合自交系的快速建立是有用的。这些自交系可用于遗传学与选择育种的研究。尽管雌核发育可以被用来产生单性种群,但由于后裔中自交衰退的存在,因此它可能不是种群控制的最好方法。 目前,雄核发育还没有被广泛地应用于鱼类,但对自交系的产生来说,作为雌核发育的一个补充方法同样具有潜力。

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