Abstract:1979至1982年间,用瓦氏雅罗鱼、草鱼、链鱼、鲤鱼中的一种或多种精液同鲮鱼新鲜精液混合对鲮鱼成熟卵授精,使其发育成苗,并培育成鱼种。经养殖表明,有几组混精授精得到的鲮鱼,其抗寒性能比不混精授精的鲮鱼强;其中以四种混合精液授精以得混精鲮的耐寒能力最高。现将耐寒能力低达 5.5℃的混精鲮鱼选出,供进一步选育用。最后,根据各组试验结果,提出进一步工作的意见。

Abstract:The maximum (anaerobic) swimming speed (U) of fish are limited by the length(L) of the fish's body and the temperature (T). The maximum swimming frequencyof the tail (f) is regulated by the time of muscle contraction (T_(mo)) which in turn iseffected by the size and temperature in all species of fish. An empirical formula isdeveloped here to express these relationships:u=KL/2T_(mc)The distance of each stride is equal to KL fish length (L).T_(mc)= 0.0236L^(0.4233)+0.0028 ln T -0. 0059 ln TL^(0.4233)-0.0077Where the swimming coefficient (K) is a function of the Propellent efficiency(η_p) and ratio of body wave length to body lengh (λ_b/L), propellent efficiency isrelated to wave velocity and forward speed. The relationship between the peopellentefficiency and the specific amplitude is discussed. It shows that fish adjusts its fin areato get the best efficiency with varied specific amplitude.A set of empirical formula is derived from experimental data:η_p=1/2(1+U/V)saith:=-349.30(A/L)²+66.51-2.38Cod: U/V=-19.43(A/L)²+ 4.66(A/L)²+ 0.44Mackeral:U/V = -30.33(A/L)² + 8.98(A/L) + 0.11 and Saith: U/L=0.75(f-0.088);K=0.69-0.97Cod: U/L=0.67(f+0.198); K=0.57-0.77Macheral:U/L=0.82(f-0.321);K=0.63-0.98It is pointed out that fish could greatly increase its swimming speed by reducingthe number of waves on body. For instance, fish will swim at double speed whenchanged its body wave from one complete wave to a half wave.A set of maximum swimming speed curves have given based on K =0.70 and N=1.

Abstract:牡蛎是世界上养殖最广的经济贝类,可是迄今所养殖的牡蛎仍都是野生型的群体,因此培育生长快抗病力强的新品种,已成为牡蛎养殖业的一个重要课题。近十年来对牡蛎遗传学的研究有所进展(Long-well和Stiles,1973;Longwell,1976;Newkirk,1980),它为牡蛎育种提供了理论基础。

Abstract:This paper deals with the establiahment of a heteroploid cell line. designatedCAB--80, which originally comes from the culture of blastulae embryonic cells ofcrucian carp (Carassius auratus L.). Some biological characteristics of this cell lineare described briefly. The conditions used in primary cell culture and subculture areTC--199 medium containing a moderate amount of antibiotics and 20% calf serum andincubated at temperature 27--28℃,pH 7.2. A heteroploid cell line has ban established through 100 subculture passage over a period of 24 months.The cell line consists of epithelial like cells in a great measure and a few fibroblastlike cells.The optimum growth conditions of CAB--80 is at temperature 22--28℃ and pHvalue range at 7.2--8.2. The time for doubling CAB--80 cell population requires 21-45 hours. After incubation for 24 hours, the mitotic index of CAB--80 is 29.5‰. Thedistribution of chromosome numbers of 60th passage cells are ranged from 68 to 178,so it is heterploid cell line. The experiment shows that the CAB-80 cells have somewhat cytopathogenic effectto reovirus infection. It may be used as a bioassay indicator for fish virus.

Abstract:Shrimps (Acetes sp.) catchingin the Bo Hai Sea, the single staked nets damage alarge quantity of the fishes and prawns of commercial value. It has heavily destroyedfisheries resources. Based upon the behaviour and the swimming ability of the dif-ference between young fishes, young prawns (Penaeus orientalis) and shrimps.the authors designed a modified hole-in--belly single staked net in 1981 in order toprotect young fish resources from the shrimps catching operations. The main featureof the newly designed net is a large triangle hole opened in the belly, thus the youngfishes and prawns might escape from the hole, either by diving downwards or bywithdrawing from the net mouth.The modified net exhibets noteble effects in experiments. The average yield pernet increased by 20.64% as compared with the original net, among which shrimpcatch increased by 38.14%, and young fishes and prawns were saved by 58.84%.For making clear understanding of reaction of shrimp to irritation, an observa-tion in an aquarium (105×51×46cm) with the water depth 25--32cm was takenplace. It wns found that when irriated, all shrimps spring upwards or slantwise, noone of downwards at all. The distance of each stride was 4--8 cm, and the continuousspring could reach over 30 cm.

Abstract:In view of the cold weather in Heilongjiang Province silver carp has specificity inits gonadal maturation cycle. The matured female silver carps sometimes have no op-portunities to spawn in the year, their oocytes do not show any degeneration UntilSeptember when the average temperature is about 13℃. Because of the low temperaturebeginning from autumn, only 6--11% of oocytes will be proceed to degeneration andabsorption, and most of the degenerated eggs of adult fish remain in the stage ofquiescence during the winter. Until the May of next year the water temperature raiseto 17--19℃ many degenerated eggs begin to be absorbed. Both the absorption of thedegerated eggs and the development of the new eggs occur at the same time. At thebeginning of June there isn't any trace of the degenerated eggs but the new oocyteshave developed to the mid of stage IV.

Abstract:Effects of temperature and salinity on photosynthesis and productivity of G. tenu-istipitata have been studied. All the experimental materials were controlled under lightintensity of 9000 Lux and with defferent temperature (25--35℃) and salinity (0-45‰). The experimental data indicated that peak net photosynthesis was 13.83μl O₂/mg dry weight per hr and maximum productivity was 5.07g C/m² per day at 25℃,26‰. According to Kanwisher's calculation method, G. tenuistipitata could ideallydouble their own mass in 5 days at 20℃ or 30℃. The optimum salinity for photosyn-thesis ranged at 19--26‰ or 26--32‰, respectively. Photosynthesis saturation wasgenerally about 20 times of respiration and varied with the ecological factors.Different parts of thallus bad different photosynthetic rate. The terminal part ofthallus doubles to that of the base, and differnet part of the thallus also had evidentlydifferent respiratory rate. It is due to uneqilibrium of metabolic activity in differentparts of the thallus. Therefore, growth rate of the terminal part was much faster thanthat of the basic and middle parts.During the period from October 1981 through June 1982, the response of G. tenu- istipitata to temperature and salinity has been measured inshore at the Shantou Har-bour. From November to next April, temperature ranged 15--22℃ and salinity 14-18‰. At that time, the plant grew most luxuriantly. Optimum growth rate of the G.tenuistipitata was 0.27cm/day and the production of biomass was 75g/m²(dry weight)at the Shantou Harbour. In May, sometime when water temperature reached 27--30℃,the plant could grow normally. It reveals that G. tenuistipitata could better adapt tohigh temperature.

Abstract:The effects of the combination of luteinizing hormone-raleasing hormone ono-logues, des-CIy¹⁰-( D-Ala⁶)-LHRH ethylamide ( LTR.H-A) with pimoaide ( PIM )，adopamine antagonist, on induced ovulation in loaeh during spawing season were inves-tzgated.Ahigh rate of ovulation. (nearly 100%)was ohseri ed within 24 hours when and LHRH--A were in jeeted aimultan eously，The rate of ovulation is much higherthan the ordinary fish pituitary injection groups. The effectiv a dasuge is PINT 0 .5g十LHRH- A 0.05g/g body weight. The effect o# injection PIM and LIIRH-A injectedsimultaneous行is better than that injected separately. If PIM+Iow dose of LHRH-A( D . gg bod.yweight) was injected twice with interval of 24 hours apart, the highrate of ovulation would be obtained. These results ret era the facts that P1M poentiatesthe effects of LHTtH- A an induction of ovulation in loach.

Abstract:This paper reports the results of experiments on the toxicity of alkaline to fishesin 1980--1981. The effects of different composition of alkaline as well as their internalrelationship in causing toxicities are discussed.It is noticed that alkaline (A) and pH are interdependent in producing the toxica-tion on fishes. The relationship of the 24h TLm is pH = (10.00+0.038)-(0.0149+0.007) A(n = 25,r= -0.976, s=0.101). Under the experimental condition, CO₃^- 24hTLm to silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is 12.4me/L. Besides CO₃^-,the majormortality factor, OH^-, CO₂^- and salinity also participate in synergism on different pHintervals. Therefore, alkalinity 10me/L may be taken as the danger index for waterquality in culturing silver carp and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis).

Abstract:The investigation of set stow net fisheres in the Chang Jiang Estuary (120°10'-122°15'E;31°00'--31°42'N) were carried out in 1982 and 1983 respectively. Theresults are as follows:1. There were four set stow net fisheries in the Chang Jiang Estuary, they arethe deepwater stow net, floating stow net, fide net and boat stow net. Thier operationalgrounds were to be located in four districts: (1) from the mouth of Beisiyiao River inChongming Dao Island to Northwest zone of Sheshan Dao Island;(2) between theBeilonggang Port, Lao Gang Port, Tong Sha Bank and Jiuduan Sha Bank; (3) betweenthe mouth of Liu He River and wharf of Baoshan General Steel Plants;(4) the northern and southern flows of Chengxing and Hengsha Islands, and extend toWusong Estuary. The depth of fishjing ground generally dosen't excess 8M. The fishing period is from February to November.2. The catches consist of 61 species, belonging to fish, crustacean, jellyfish,cephalopoda and mammals respectively. In which, Coilia ectenes, C. mytus, Hemisa-lsnx prognathus, Palaemon annandalei, Eriocheir sinensis and Rhopilema esculentmare the main commerial species.3. The total number of net estimated only from Chongming, Baoshan, Chuanshaand Shanghai counties (1971--1982) were 4189 nets in average annually. The totalproduction is 3800 tons and the Coilis (youngs) account for 43.4% of total.The overfishing, water quality deterioration, brodening of the water way andthe partial changes of the substrate in fishing ground are factors resulting the declina-tion of the fisheries resources. It is suggest that the regulation on minimize and adjustthe number of set stow net must be adopted in order to protect and exploit fisheriesresources rationally.

Abstract:根据囊胚细胞和原肠胚细胞染色体数的观察,三倍体雄性方正银鲫 Carassius auratusgihelio)和二倍体雌性红鲫(Carssius auratus red variety)杂交获得的胚胎,是杂合的非整倍体胚胎,因此胚胎发育畸形,中途死亡。胚胎染色体数从50至142,变异幅度很宽,86%以上胚胎细胞染色体数分布在56—105范围内,其中以染色体数为76—86的胚胎细胞最常见,占34%。