Abstract:Body colour and inheritance in Cypriarcs carpio were studied witlxaxis on somatpe.The body colour of thbride,Wuyuanesis withgolden old stout body, C. curprekiag with grey colour and elongate body,Ilaspite of orthogonal or reciprocal the offspring was grey in colour so that the golden colour of the carp seems to be recessive to grey colour. The body colour of the second generation from the P', internal recipocal cross differentiation appeared. The ratio of grey to golden colours 15:1. To backcrass hyhxids of F'I and recessive parents, the ratio was 3:I. So, we consider that body ca- Iaur is controlled by two of genetic factors and it is non--sex-linkage inheritance. Somatotype of hybrids was between two parents and was slightly similar to mother, the orthogonal was different from reciprocal cross. form ingenerar dons present extensive varieties (long-type, short-type and intermediates-type, etc. therefore, it is considered that heredity of somatvtype was a complex multigenic effect. Body form of the backcross hybrids inclines to their backcross's parents. The backcross hybrirds of 'x and crroar. Wuyuanensis were different Oery much from the baekcross bride ofand ccap yurwakiarag. Body Form and body weight has close relation, and it could be calculated. In offspring of full--sib, coefficient of correlation between body length and body wei t(:)was and that of body height (y) and body w eight was togeneration groups‘different somato pe different growth speed reveal and the coefficient of correlation was also different. The offspring with longer body grew fas-. test and the body reaches to the biggest. The coefficient of correlation hetiveen body length and body weight was =0. 90 and that of body Night and body w eight wasx.93.This article deals mainly with the selection of body form.

Abstract:Based on numerous eapariments, the optimal drying cnnditi。二for flavouring fillet of filefish were found, i. e. the temprature of fillet=380g, air flow rate about 3.3m/s and the humidity of drying medium.The surFace temperature t, of fillet performs a predominate effect during the whole drying pro.The surface water activity Axv, of fillet plays an important role in the drying speed, the quality of the product and the degree of dryness can be cal- eulated from t,. Moreover,adopting the temperature of drying medium tD, the wet bulb temperature ty and the surface temperature t, the degree of dryness may be enn- trolled and determined as well. During the drying process the surface water aotivity Aw, fluctuates with the variation of air humidity accordingly. It demonstrates the variation of humidity from 20%to 50 %RH will not significantly effect the drying time.

Abstract:Euchexcnza gebcimiae is a red algae Hainan of China. A sulphated isolated from this algae. D-galactose and 3 6-anb.川ro-D--glactvse are Was mawr vent of this polysaccharide. The molecular weight was 1.99. Its specific was a positive value. compo- rotation The gelling ability of the polysaccharide increased due to tha presence ofmost of alkali metal ions and alkali-earth metal ions. Yhen the pvlysaccharida was treated with alkali or lime, the polysaccharide desulphste, and sulphate groups decreased and 3,6-and galactosa content increa- sed. fhe III spectra, of the polys.echaride showed absorption peaks at 1240 em-1, 930 cry and 845 em-1. Fractionation of the polysaccharide with potassium chloride eld pvtassiunz chlo- ridsoluble and insoluble fraction. IR spectra of soluole fraction showed absor Xioneak at 820 cm-' besides at 1244 cmr;, 930 em0I and $45 em.as insoluble fraction. According to the composition, properties and IR spectra of the polysaccharide, it was deduced that potassium chlorideJsvluble fraction is xnu-carrageenan-like, and in- soluble fraction is kappaKcarrageenan-like.

Abstract:Honghu Iake is a big and shadow Iake at the middle-lower reaches of Changjiang riG er. Sinee the partition between the lake and river, great changes of the organisms inhabited in Honghu Lake had taken place during period mara than twee years.The investigation was taken place in 1981一1982. rhhe biamass of aquatic plants (hydraphyte) of the whale lake was estimated to be 1,570,000 tons, the biomass of the benthic dwelled animals are 6，202 tons. Henee, then, thfl Iake belongs to eutrophical type without being poluted basically Eut the yield of fish in Honghu lake has beendecreased year after year. In 1979-1981，the average of annual catch is about 3,160.5 tons, converted into yield of 5.93 kilograms per mu. Evidently the abundant aquatic resource of the lake has not been fully exploited and utzlized yet. So that the utility rate of the total primary production the fishes iu Honghu Iake is only 0.0005. Through the systamatical analyses to the ecosystem structure of the fisheries in I3onghulake. A tentative proposal has been suggested, in order to put forward the ex-oitation and utilisation of the aquatic resource in Honghu Ia,ke.

Abstract:The sale formation of common carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and tilapia w ere studied by using the aliaarin red method. The first appearance of scales at a Total lngth of 16-19 mm, 17-19 mm, 21--32 mm, 26--31 mm and 10-13 mm respa for the 5 species of fish and the formation completed at 24-30 mm, 2-2$ znm, 47-55,48-55 mna and 19-21 mm total length respectioely.scales first appem,red along the lateral Iine all species which could be separated into categories according to the region o# first scale appearance and the pattern of scale dev elopment.commom carp, grass carp, silver carp and bigheadcarp, scales first appeared behind thH operculum, and developruent took place from anterior to posterior. In tilapia, scales first appeared on the caudal peduncle and developed anteriorly. The carps could be further subdivided, based on the detailed pattern of scale development, common and grass carp in one group, and silver and bighead carp in another.Regression of scale formation parameters upon fish length. and :age showed that the initiation and termination of scale formation as well as certain deiTelopmantal patterns were closely related. to body length, but insignificantly to age.Tha pattern of scale development not only reflects that growth law which is applicable to each species,but also reflacts the evolutionary relationships amom fish species.

Abstract:Cdriasiscus (La,eepdae) in fresh water catfish and has been reared in South China, and South Asian countries In paper, wa deal with morphology, re-production capacity and the change of maturity coafficient in annual cycle by analysing the result of nur experiment in 1978-1982.The oontent may be sumxuarized as follows:1.According to the data from 529 fish, the relationship bet，body weist (W) and body lenmh (L) may be expressed1922 Lsw8. The regression coefficient of these two varieties of G Zurius from. 13.5-35 cm in body length is different be- tween female and male The former is 1.425 (W=14.859一115.2174 ) and the latter,4.834(W=9.375L--85.625 ).In norrzaal conditions, the female is found to be of relative plumpness 1.43---1.?8，the male, 1.23---1.41，Differences of both figures are signifiean External characteristics, by comparing the diameter of eyes, interorbital space, the shape of snout, the shape of head, etc. are sufficiently reliable far the identification of both sexes. 2.The data of reproduction capacity from 86 fish, the formulas of relation between body length (L) nr body weight (W) :end average absolute broad amount (It) may be gprcssed as R=0.49586L--T.3756364 and 1t=4.4474T-4.676548.Tarom 179 fish, the relation between body weight (W ) and average absolute spaw- ping amount (Ti ) may be expressed as R=39.121g5W-1840.02439. The largest average relative breed aunt of the female has a body length of about 14.5-24.5 cm, body weight, 53-1158. The average relative breed amount is 61.321-78.62 eggs per gram in body weight. The largest average amount has a body weight of about 148--216x. The ag-eraga spawning amount is 24-35 eggs per gram in body weist.3.The annual cycle of the change of maiurity e.oefficient is I3一15 % (female) or 2-3%(male) in the breeding season and lass than 5% (female) or 1 % (male) in other seasons.

Abstract:Scacia cotgo-nai is monoecious. The development of its reproductive organs is more or less similar to other species the genus. But the position where the initial gonimoblast cell as formed differs in different species. For example,the initial gonimoblast cells of rS'eirzairx fxrceZduta(Turn) Bivona and cporr.aca yamada et Tanak formed at the carpogonium; that of Setch is farmed at the point where the carpogonium is longitudinally divided and is located side by side with the carpogonium above the hypogynous daughter cell; tb.at of S.cogto-aaii setch is formed on the hypogy- nous daughter cell situated immediate to the carpoganiun.Consideration of tb.e above observed difference in the ontogenetic development of the reproductie organs of different species of ciaught can throw light on their phyio-genetic rela,tiunship.

Abstract:The materials used in this experiment were the epee cut 3---9 cm long from the branches of fronds of Caid2um. They were cultivated under different temperatures and water depths in the sea. The experiment were carried out from March 1979 to Marsh 1980 in Tandao Bay (faingdao)，W eihai Harbour and Lungkau Bay of Shang- dung in north China. The results are as follawai.Theolmuzxtemperature of growth of the algae is at 24-280C. The favorable growth temperature ranges from 80C above. The low limit temperature for growth pro- bably is 00C.，fV bile the high hmzt remains unknown.2.Althov this algae is genera3ly known for living under tidal But it grows rapidly in water depth of d.3 meter, in the agperiment, and increasing the depth sla-zvering the growth of the algae.3.After 5----1a ciasys, soma duds of rhizoid grew up at the end parts of the main Faranches at the temperature of 2d-280G. Hence, it is considered as the optimum tem- perature for the growth of rhixoids.

Abstract:This paper presents preliminary analysis on the namics and characters of individual fecundity of the.geaocypris daaidz (Bleaker)Guanting reservoir. 11Ta-terials were coiiected in 1952, 144 samples ware studied, the results are summarized as follows: 1.The individual absolute fundity (r) varied between 42177 and 2fi5949(egg) (average, 115769);the individual relative fecundity r/L varied between 156 and799 (eggs/mm) (averagr, 414) and W between 127 and 447 (eggs/g) (average, 387). 2. The variability is shown in diagrams of fecundity and body-length, body-weight and age groups in Figs 1-5.he relationship between the individual absolute fecundityand length (L) is indicated by the exponential equation The relationship between tha individual absolute fecundity (r) and body weight (civ) is expressed by the following equation : r=496W一32&30, 3. The fecundity coefficient (C=L"ylr/r) varied between 0.5 and i.74(mm. g/e)，mostly between 0. fi and 0. 9 (mm g/eggs).The individual absolute fecundity (r) was found t.o ire related to "L"W" and “L"W Iinearly, it also likely relaters between indiv idual fecundity (,r/L) and body-weight. 4. The individual fecundity (r, g/L) not increases with increase of length and weight, but also variers with the peculiarity of maturation coefficient, eggs diame- ter, age and the coefficient of condition (W/LS x. 104):among these niorphologi- cal indic)s, body weight is the,t distinct and followed by the length, maturation coefficient, egg diameter, coefficient of condition (T) and the age at the last.

Abstract:This paper embodies the results of observations on the plankton in eight fish ponds in Heliekou, Wuxi ahi and three fish ponds in Wuli hu fish farm during the growing,in 19TT. samples were collected at 5--7 days intervals from four main ponds and at semi-month intervals from seven ordixsary ponds. The biomass of phytoplankton determined by method of calculating cell volume genera,Ily varies between 2fl--10DmgJL, in which the flagellate algae were predominar ted and Cyanophyte was rare.The average biomass of zaoplanh-ton is about the iJ4 to 1/3 that of phytaplankton. Rotifers are dominate.The fish farmers ju, the quality of water by observing of water colour. The colour of tine fertile water is mainly caused by the water blooming of four dominate planktons: Ganyostamum bloom, Cryptomonas bloom, Gymnodinium bloom end Chlorococus bloom. According to the experience of the fish--farmer, the brawn green water which. caused by Gonyaatomum bloom is the best fertile water, the brown water caused by Cryptomonas bloom and the Green water caused. by Chlorococus bloom are the medium ferta7e water，while the socalled changing water which caused the Gym- nodinium bloom is。intermediat form which either may change to be good water or may change to be bad water. Based on a rough osculation the production of the silver and hiad carp about so--so comes from the plankton energy in the different timers.