Abstract:The method of kideny cell-PHA (phytohemagglutinin)culture in vitro for thestudy of fish chromosomes was reported by Yamamoto, K. and Y. Ojima (1973). Inthis paper a new method for inducing fish chromosomes divisions is proposed. The PHAadministration was by pericardial cavity injection in vivo, instead of adding it into thecell culture medium in vitro. The injection does of PHA is 8-10μg/g (body weight),the injection position is better located at the base of pectoral fin, the time for responseneeds about 4-4.5 hours after injection. It needs only 7 hours to obtain a largenumbers of mitotic metaphase figures of kidney cell. About 30 species of teleost fisheswere examined in the experiments. e. g. Parabramis pekinensis, Megalobrama hof-fmanni, Barbodes denticulatus, Cirrhinus molitorella, Clarias fuscus, Monopterusalbus, Anguilla japonica, Ophicephalus argus, Tilapia mossambica etc. all givingsatisfactory results. The average percentage of mitotic division by PHA injectionmethod is 1.56 times than that of the kidney cell-PHA culture; 1.82 times of theblood-PHA culture and 4.51 times of the usual air-drying, reaching 9.86%. Thismethod has a double advantage being rapid and simple, and also adaptable to thefield work.

Abstract:The method based on ultra-violet fluorescence spectroscopy (IGOSS-IntegratedGlobal Ocean Station System) with aromatic-free petroleum ether as the extractantand chrysene as the intercomparison chemical, for the measurement of petroleumhydrocarbons in seawater is presented in this paper. 1. The comparison between the spectra of the excitation and fluorescence of thechrysene and sample oil extracted from the Dong Hai proved that both of the chryseneand sample oil were excited most strongly in the neighborhood of 310 nm and fluore-sced most intensively at 360nm. Daqing crude oil and its kerosene were scanned withexcitation at 310nm and fluorescence spectrum also showed in the neighborhood of 360nm. There were striking resemblances between the fluorescence spectra of the Deqingcrude oil anple mixed with chrysene and that of chrysene, and it was found thatfluorescence spectrum of mixed oil was simply the sum of the two individual curves 2. Using concentrations of about 0.5μg/ml, the fluorescence intensity of thestandard oil and chrysene was measured. The value of intercomparison ratio "R" wascalculated: Daqing crude oil was 8.7, sample oil extracted from seawater of the DongHai 21. 1. The causes leading in the difference of "R" were discussed briefly. 3. Conditions for sample extracting and the effect of grease or oil from animaland plant on petroleum hydrocarbons have been studied. The linear range of the experiments indicated 0-900μg/1 for chrysence, 0-5000μg/l for Daqing crude oil. Minimum detectable concentration was approximately 2μg/1Daqing crude oil, the standard deviation was ±0.0004mg/l, the coefficient of varia-tion was 3.7% and the average recovery of Daqing crude oil was found to be 91.1%.

Abstract:A histological study on the development of the ovary of Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis was carried out through the years from 1979 to 1980. All the fish were sampled fromthe river "Wu Qi" in Zhejiang province. From December to April, the gonad has not yet differentiated; duringMay to August the ovary enters into stage Ⅱ; From early September to middle Sep-tember, the ovary develops into stage Ⅲ; from middle september to early October itenters stage Ⅳ. The spawning season of Ayu is in October-November the ovaryreached to stage Ⅴ, and the oocytes is mainly in phase 5, but also contains the phase4,3,2 and 1. After the releasing of one bateh of eggs, the spent ovary is observed tobe in state Ⅵ-Ⅳ, the oocytes are mainly in phase 4 and empty follicles, then theovary develops again into stage Ⅴ' and the next spawning takes place. The ovarydevelops to stage Ⅴ once again. Evidently the development of the oocytes in the ovaryof Ayu is in successive processes and the female releases eggs 3-4 times in onespawning season. In the stage Ⅱ of the development of oocytes, the nucleolus containing substancewhich is possibly related to the fomation of yolk within the oocyte, enters into cyto-palsm by the part rupture of the nuclear membrane. In the middle stage of phase 2, there is a transparent layer surrounding thenucleus. Egg membrane of Ayu is composed of 3 layers: plasma membrane, zona radiataand attachment membrane which is present in the oocyte in phase 3. A syncytium is conical in shape and located near the fertilization orifice consistingof more than 10 cells.

Abstract:The ,Tananese oyster, Qstrer ,ggrcs is famous for its high production and fastgrowth and tb.e two native oysters, QsGrerx rirzatrrs and Ostrea pLicrtuIa, are welludapted to their Iacal environment. Cross breeding of gas with D. -iudrcris axedQ, pdicatu.b were attempted. paper deals with. tba probability of their interspecific hybridization, thesurvival and growth of the brid Iarvaa. The results of the experiment are asfollows 1 .The process of crass-breeding is easy to operate. The peroentage of fertilixartion in C. ggas×O. Pt2catuta is higher than in C, gigas×O. -iarctaras. 2. There is no any apparent difference in the time of development from eggs tothe straight-hinge larvae, but in the sedentary stages hybrids larvae grew faster thanthe native stocks. 3 .The size of hybrid straight-hinge Larvae are mainly influenced by maternalinheritance. . The range of variation in hybrid straight-hinge larvae is wider than that oftheir parents. 5. About 40,001) hybrid spats are reared in tanks and ready for further studies,

Abstract:The present report deals with observations on the development of artificiallyfertillized egg and the postlarvae stage of Priacanthus macracanthus. The work wascarried out in Qinglan Harbour of Hainan Island in May 4, 1974. The postlarvaewere collected with plankton net from the North part of Nan Hai during themonths March to December, 1973. The fertilized eggs were transparent, sphericaland buoyant, At water temperature in 27℃, for 16.5 hours, the fertilized eggs hat-ched. The newly hatched larvae were 1.38mm in total length, and on the head anddorsal part of the body branched dark pigments appeared. 24 hours later the larvaereached fo 2.3mm in total length, and 5+19=24 myotomes were clearly seen. Thepostlarvae have an extremely large head, big-eyes, with a backward spear-shapedoccipital spine and the out margin of the supraorbital ridge was serrated. As it grewto juvenile many epidermal-spines appeared on the abdominal and the tail regions.

Abstract:1. 423 postlarvae and juveniles of Auxis Curvier, with body length 3.12--17.5mm, were collected in the Dong Hai, China, during the years of 1971-1980. 2. The specimens were identified as Auxis thazard, Auxis tapeinosoma and Auxissp. and the main characteristics for identification are the pigment distribution on thecaudal peduncle and the ratio of different parts of the body. 3. The spawning season and ground of Auxis in Dong Hai is little Known.According to observation and estimation, the spawning season may possibly be inMarch to september, chiefly in July and August. The area of distribution is mainlyto the south of 28°N and the west of 125°E during March to July and to the north of28°N during August and September. 4. The spawning migration of Auxis is closely related to the Kuroshio WarmCurrent and also under the influence of fresh waters from Chang Jiang river as well.They spawn and move north with the prevalence of Kuroshio at the temperature of27-29℃, salinity of 33-34‰ and in the depth of 60-100 metres.

Abstract:Carinozacco Zhu. Wang et Ni, gen. nov.Genotype: Aspius spilurus Gunther Diagnosis: Abdomen with a naked fleshy keel behind ventrals to vent. Medianpart of the upper jaw deeply notched, that of the lower projecting and fitting into thenotch, lateral sides of both jaws slightly curved. Barbels none. Lower pharyngealwidth about 4 in its length, anterior limb as long as the posterior; pharyngeal teethin 2 serics, 2-3, 4-5/5-4,3-2. Lateral line complete, broadly curved down abovethe pectoral and running along the lower part of the body. Scales without basal radii,about 44 to 51 in lateral line. The third simple ray of dorsal soft and smooth behind.Air-bladder in two chambers. The present genus is obviously different from Aspius Agassiz (1835) in having afleshy koel behind ventrals to vent, scales without basal radii, lower pharyngeal muchshorter, and the median part of the upper jaw deeply notched, that of the lowerprojecting and fitting into the notch. It is similar to Opsariichthys Blocker (1863) andZacco Jordan et Evermann (1902) but differs from them in having a nakod fleshykeel behind ventrals. Carinozacco spilurus (Gunther) emend. (Fig. 1) Depth in length 3.3-4.4; head 3.2-3.7. Snout 3.0-3.9 in head, eye 3.5-4.5,interorbital 2.8-3.3. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.2-1.6 in its length. D. 3,7;A. 3, 11-13; P. 1, 15; Ⅴ. 1,7. Scales in L. 1.44-51. Gill-rakers 8-9. Abdomen with a distinct naked fleshy keel behind ventrals to vent. Snout slightlylonger than eye. Postorbital part of head longer than snout. Mouth large, terminal,median part of the upper jaw deeply notched, that of the lower projecting and fittinginto the notch, lateral sides of both jaws slightly curved. Lateral line complete, broadly bent down above pectoral and running along thelower part of the body. Scales moderate, about 44-51 in lateral line, without basalradii, apical radii 6-12. Lower pharyngcal width about 4 in its length, anterior limbas long as the posterior; pharyngeal teeth in 2 series, 2-3, 4-5/5-4,3-2. Origin of dorsal slightly behind base of ventrals, the third simple ray soft andsmooth behind. Anal origin slightly behind baso of dorsal. Pectorals nearly reachingor reaching ventrals, the latter nearly reaching vent. Caudal forked, lower lobeslightly longer. Vent immediately before origin of anal. Peritoncum silvery, with some small dark spots. Intestine coiled twice, shorterthan the body length. Air-bladder in 2 chambers, the posterior longer. Colour blue brownish on back, sides of body silvery and with many irregularblue brownish vertical bars, median part with a blue brownish longitudinal band,more distinct posteriorly and terminating in a large spot at base of caudal. Dorsal findark grayish, pectorals and ventrals orange. Twenty specimens were examined, body length 70-102 mm., collected from Zhangzhou and Yunxiao, Fujian Province; Dinghu Mountain of Shaoqing City,Lianhua Mountain of Haifeng County, Nanya Reservoir and Shilu Reservoir,Daibian, Wenqu, Shibi and Chengbo of Hainan Island, Guangdong Province.

Abstract:1. It has been proved by investigations since 1959 that there exists a transversevertical circulation system in the Dong Hai. 2. This circulation system consists of the surface rip current (the divergencecaused by wind in surface water), the subsurface current of the Kuroshio climbingup along the bottom towards the shore and the upwelling near the shore. The lattertwo are partly caused by meridional currents in the lower layers. 3. The subsurface water is short of dissolved oxygen, so it is able to drive fishshoal to the fishing ground. It plays an important role in the process of concentratingfishes. Besides that, the effects of upwelling and other suitable conditions make thewestern bound or the circulation system have the opportunity to form a fishing ground. 4. Based on the fundamental priciples of circulation, wo can apply the informa-tion of the circulation in a certain period to the fishing forecasts, in order to make thearrangement of fishing and the operation on the ground.

Abstract:The flexible wing-type float is made of canvas without any rigid frame. It isbound to the bosom of headline of the trawlnet. After the net is cast, the float lashedby the rushing current will take its shape similar to the rigid wing of an aeroplaneand produces lifting force to start the upper taut of the trawlnet floating. The hydrokinetical performance of the model of the float was tested in the water trough and wind tunnel to obtain the qualitative and quantitative analyses, then theexperiment was carried out in the sea to use real floats for trial catching of fish toprove the result. The use of flexible wing-type float instead of ball floats brings about the changeof specific property that the height of the net opening is inversely proportional tothe velocity of dragging and reduces the total resistance of the trawlnet to a certainextent. The flexible wing-type floats posseses the following features: large liftingforce; no problem about the pressure to the airtight container; suitable for operatingin any depth of water; good stability; no tangle between the float and the net; simpleand easy in operation of casting and hauling the trawlnet.