Abstract:The Distributions of Saxidomus purpurarurs (Sowerby) have been reported from the provinces of Shandong, Liaoning in China and Kyushu, Shikoku, Honsuh, etc. inJapan. It is distributed mainly along the coast of North Pacific (30-40°N.). It is alarge type of economic bivalve with delicious taste. Peoples of many countries like it.Its largest body weight reaches to 0.5 kilogram. It is ecology and breeding habit has been studied in recent years. This article describes its living environment, food habit and growth. Saxidomusperpuratus (Sowerby) lives at a depth of 4-20 meters, with water temperature2-28℃ and salinity 20-30‰. It mainly feeds on diatomes. The Spawning season is in June to September. Its embryonic development is alsodescribed in this article.

Abstract:Лaпша-рщба Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis Chen oдна из Baжнейщих прмысло-вых рыо В озере Хуыцзэю.тело уддинённое ,спреди дочтй цилиндрйческзе,сзади сжатое с боков.

Abstract:The food value of the second stage nauplius of Balanus for feeding larvae and juveniles of a puffer fish Fugu niphoble is described here.If the second stage nauplius of Balanus in used alone.the effect seemed not obvious,but if mixed with other food organisma especially with brinr sbrimp Artemia salina,the result was excellent.

Abstract:The experiment was carried out in April, 1974 at Daiyu Island, Rongcheng xian,Shandong province and materials were obtained from the artificial fertilization. Thedevelopment of the fertilized eggs and pre-larvae stages of the Pacific herring, Clupeapallasi (Cuvier et Valenciennes) was observed and described in this article. At water temperature 10.5-11.5℃, the larvae hatched out for 12.5 days. Thenewly hatched larvae were about 5.94-7.66 mm in total length.

Abstract:The larvae of green mussel Mytilus viridis was able to ingest micro-organismsfrom sea water after 48 hours from fertilization. The larvae might survive and keepswimming for several days even lack of food. The experiment shows that the growth and the survival rates of the larvae havedistinctions by feeding on different foods. The young larvae of green mussel were unable to digest Chlorella sp. and they diedat 6-7 days after fertilization. Platymonas sp. is rather large in sise, young larvae also could not ingest it andalways cause mortality. The larvae of straight-hinged stage can ingest and utilize marine yeast. The larvae grew rapidly and the survival rate is very high. The concentration of yeast is0.9-1.7mg/L. When the larvae developed to early stage of umbo, the yeast alone it was insuffici-ent to meet the nutritional requirement for growth and development, and they canutilize Platymonas sp. as food. The most effective way is to feed them with mixture ofPlatymonas sp. and yeast.

Abstract:In 1975 we conducted an experiment on rearing of mussel spats in late autumn byraising wster temperature in a concrete tank measuring 10M. in size half-buried in theground. The results revealed that the maximum output of each tank reached to 1.8×10⁷pcs./10M⁸ and the average output of all the four tanks used was 1.2×10⁷pcs./10M⁸Itreached to the record of the high-yield tank in the spring of 1973, and the averageoutput record in the spring of 1975. In rearing of autumn spats water temperature should not be lower than 10℃ inorder to ensure the larvae have a steady rate of growth and successfully go through themetamorphosis. If the water temperature was kept over 13℃, the growth rate would beaccelerated. Larvae could live normally and actively at the water temperature above 8℃.While below 7℃ or 5℃, the larvae lay down to the bottom of the tank under a certainperiod of time and their growth was virtually stopped and the process of metamorphosiswas also retarded and a large number even died. As soon as the water temperature was restored to 9℃ or higher, they could onceagain resume their normal activities and continue to grow. After the completion of metamorphosis, the spats possess the adaptability to the change of water temperatures. If the water temperature was gradually lowered from16℃ to 2.8℃ by one degree a day, the young spats were able to withstand and adaptthemselves to this rate of change. Thus, it was made possible to transfer the culturedspats in winter to sea areas where they were left to pass through the cold season. At 0℃ or thereabouts, the young spats ceased to grow but they were able to survivethroughout the winter. Based on the above temperature requirements, the installment of an additionalsmall water-heating equipment is now in use in the spat rearing room and the problemsof production in winter can be readily solved. With such an installation, an ordinaryrearing room can maintain all-year-round production of spats, that is. can cultivate 4crops of spats in a year two crops in spring and two in autumn.

Abstract:For the purpose to improve the quality of Gracilaria agar two methods of alkalitreatment were studied. (1) Cold alkali treatment method: Dried Gracilaria was treatedwith Baume 10-45° NaOH at room temprature for 5-40 days. (2) Hot alkali trea-tment method: Dried Gracilaria was treated with Baume 5-35° NaOH at 75° or 90℃.for 2-6 hours. After alkali treatment the seaweeds were washed thoroughly to removethe remaining alkali, and then the agar was extracted with water in the ordinary way.The results were summarized in the following: The gel strength of Gracilaria agar is increased markedly by both cold and hotmehtod. The Gracilaria harvested in Wanning, Hainan Island, Guangdong Province, waspretreated either by cold or by hot method, their gel strength was increased about fourtimes from below 60 g/cm~2 to about 300 g/cm~2. While the Gracilaria harvested inBeihai, Guangxi Province was subjected to pretreat by the cold method. their gelstrength was increased about ten times, from below 60 g/cm~2 to about 700 g/cm~2. The effect of treatment was related closely to the temperature, time of treatmentand the concentration of sodium hydroxide. In the cold alkali treatment method, Gracilaria was treated with Baume 30-35°alkali for only five days, its gel strength reached to maximum. In case of the concentra-tion of alkali is above Baume 35°or below Baume 30°, the time of treatment should belonger. The yield of agar by the cold method was much higher than that by the hotmethod. Therefore the cold alkali treatment method in comparision with the old hotmethod should be recognized as a better one.

Abstract:Rate of photosynthesis and growth of Gracilaria verrucosa in different layers of seawaters in Shanwei Wan was observed in our experiments in 1962 and 1980 respec-tively. The results obtained from these experiments are almost the same. 1. When the algae was reared near the surface layer of seawaters, the rate ofphotosynthesis and growth was fast. On the contrary if it was reared in the lower layerof seawaters, their rate of photosynthesis and growth was slow. 2. There is a compensation layer of the depth of transparency in the sea waters.At this layer the amount of oxygen produced in the photosynthesis is slmost equal tothat consumed in the respiratory process of the algae. Below this depth of transparencyin seawaters, the growth of the algae nearly stopped. In order to get a good harvest in the artificial raft cultivation, Gracilaria shouldbe float near the surface of seawaters. If the transparency of seawater is high, thealgae should be cultivated on the ropes hanging from the raft to proper depth, thelength of the ropes should not exceed 1.5 meter.

Abstract:The present article deals with the descriptions of the morphological characters of the eggs and larvae of seven freshwater fishes, e. g. Pseudorasbora parva Bleeker,Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker, Acanthorhodeus Chankaensis (Dybowsky), Culter erythro-pterus Basilewsky, Erythroculter ilishaeformis(Bleeker), Oryzias latipes (Schlegel andSiniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky). The material were obtained from Dianshan Hu and TaiHu of Shanghai and Jiangsu jn April to July 1959 and 1964. Through artificial fertili-zation and the hatched fish larvae were reared in the laboratory successfully.

Abstract:This report describes the development and differentiation of the digestive and therespiratory systems of the black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus. The digestive system of the black carp develops from the primary rudiment, a thinlayer of endodermal plate. The endodermal cells concentrate toward the middle, wherea solid elongated thickining of endoderm is formed. Then the digestive tract is formedby the separation of cells in the middle. The foregut is the most advanced in differentiation. The pharyngeal region liesventral to the myelencephalon. The lateral wall of the phargneal cavity bulges out andproduces a series of outwardly directed pockets on the each side (plate Ⅲ.C, 23,24,25,26,). These pockets are known as pharyngeal pouches. They are designated by the nameof hyomandibular arches and Ⅰ-Ⅴ pair pharyngeal pouches from anterior to theposterior. The epidermis folds roll inward to meet the pharyngeal pouches. A series ofbranchial grooves is thus developed on the surface of the pharyngeal region (plateⅢ.C, 19,20, 21,22). The outer wall of the epidermal groove fuses into a branchial membrane. A gill cleft is formed when the branchial membrane becomes perforated,so that an open communication is established between the pharyngeal cavity and theouter medium. Because of the first pair of pharyngeal pouches does not open to theoutside, the black carp has five pairs of gill clefts (plate Ⅲ.E).

Abstract:1979年5月—1980年10月,国家水产总局南海水产研究所的科研调查船,进行南海北部大陆坡鱼类调查,采集得大量软骨鱼类标本,绝大多数为深海种类,在水深300米至1000余米处,除新属新种在有关刊物发表外,这里报导新纪录31种,分隶于2亚纲,6目，10科，20属。