黄岛近海岸贝类养殖区细菌群落结构多样性及与环境因子响应
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Q 938.8;S 917.1

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国家重点研发计划 (2017YFC1404504)


Bacterial community structure diversity and environmental factors in the coastal shellfish culture area of Huangdao
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    摘要:

    为了研究近海贝类开放养殖水域中细菌种群分布规律以及微生物群落多样性对环境因子的响应及与水产动物发病的关系,本实验于2019年7—11月采集黄岛某开放养殖水域不同样点海水样本,分析不同水质因子(水温、盐度、pH、DO、叶绿素、氨氮、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐)的动态变化,并利用高通量测序的方法分析了不同月份水样和栉孔扇贝组织样本中微生物群落结构和多样性的差异,探讨了环境因子与微生物群落结构的相关性。结果显示,水样本中细菌群落结构共检测到42个门,94个纲。由变形菌门、拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门、放线菌门及厚壁菌门等组成,其中变形菌门为优势菌门,主要包括γ-变形菌纲和α-变形菌纲。不同月份,细菌OTU水平多样性分析结果为11月>9月>7月>10月>8月;弧菌OTU水平多样性分析结果显示,弧菌的多样性呈现先升高后降低的变化,与水温的变化趋势一致,8月养殖区多样性高于对照区。RDA分析表明,叶绿素含量 (μg/L)和亚硝酸盐的浓度 (mg/L)对门水平的物种组成和群落结构具有显著的影响。磷酸盐含量 (mg/L)和DO (mg/L)对弧菌属水平的群落结构具有显著影响。扇贝组织样本细菌群落结构共检测出45个门,软壁菌门为优势菌门,主要包括支原体菌属,与磷酸盐含量 (mg/L)具有显著正相关。弧菌优势菌分离鉴定结果显示,7—11月养殖环境中的优势菌为溶藻弧菌和哈维氏弧菌。研究表明,养殖活动通过改变水体中的叶绿素和亚硝酸盐的含量,对水体中的微生物群落结构产生了一定的影响,同时磷酸盐和DO的变化对弧菌属水平的群落结构也产生了一定的影响。本结果可为贝类疾病的发生研究提供一定的理论支撑。

    Abstract:

    Shellfish farming is an important part of China's aquaculture industry. With the continuous expansion of the scale of aquaculture, the unreasonable operation of the aquaculture industry has caused a greater burden on the environment, caused the change of microbial community structure in aquaculture water, and caused certain harm to the health of shellfish aquaculture. Meanwhile, it has also caused huge economic losses to the shellfish aquaculture industry, which seriously affected the sustainable development of the shellfish industry. In order to study the open aquaculture waters of offshore shellfish, the distribution of bacterial populations, the response of microbial community diversity to environmental factors and its relationship with the incidence of diseases in aquatic animals, we collected sea water samples from different locations in an open aquaculture water area in Huangdao from July to November 2019 to analyze different water quality factors (water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, phosphates, nitrates and nitrites), used high-throughput sequencing methods to analyze the differences in the microbial community structure and diversity of water samples and Chlamys farreri tissue samples in different months, and discussed the correlation between environmental factors and microbial community structure. The results showed that 42 phyla and 94 classes were detected in the bacterial community structure of water samples. It is composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetes, Firmicutes, etc. Among them, Proteobacteria is the dominant phyla, mainly including γ-Proteobacteria and α-Proteobacteria. The results of the diversity analysis of bacterial OTU levels in different months were November>September>July>October>August; the diversity analysis of Vibrio OTU level showed that the diversity of Vibrio increased first and then decreased, and the trend was consistent with the change of water temperature. The diversity of the culture area in August was higher than that of the control area. RDA analysis showed that the chlorophyll content (μg/L) and nitrite (mg/L) concentration had a significant impact on the species composition and community structure at the phylum level. Phosphate content (mg/L) and DO (mg/L) have a significant impact on the community structure of Vibrio. A total of 45 phyla were detected in the bacterial community structure of tissue samples, and the Tenericutes is the dominant phyla, mainly including Mycoplasma, which has a significant positive correlation with the phosphate content (mg/L). The results of the isolation and identification of the dominant bacteria of Vibrio showed that the dominant Vibrio in the culture environment from July to November were V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi. Studies have shown that aquaculture activities have a certain impact on the microbial community structure in the water by changing the content of chlorophyll and nitrite in the water. At the same time, changes in phosphate and DO have a certain impact on the community structure of the Vibrio genus. The results of this study can provide certain theoretical support for the occurrence of shellfish diseases.

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马景雪,张培玉,王宗兴,郑明刚,高萍,曲凌云,郑风荣.黄岛近海岸贝类养殖区细菌群落结构多样性及与环境因子响应[J].水产学报,2022,46(6):984~994

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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-20
  • 最后修改日期:2021-03-15
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-06-18
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